## Pesachim Daf 4a

###### Pesachim 4a:1
[Pesachim 4a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:1)

רַב, בַּר אֲחוּהּ דְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא וּבַר אֲחָתֵיהּ. כִּי סְלֵיק לְהָתָם, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אַיְיבוּ קַיָּים? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִימָּא קַיֶּימֶת?! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִימָּא קַיֶּימֶת? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אַיְיבוּ קַיָּים?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Rav** was **the son of Rabbi Ḥiyya’s** half **brother and the son of** Rabbi Ḥiyya’s half **sister,** as Ayevu, Rav’s father, married his own stepsister, Imma. **When** Rav **ascended there,** to Eretz Yisrael, Rabbi Ḥiyya **said to** Rav: **Is** your father, **Ayevu, alive? He said to him,** replying with a question: **Is** your sister, **Imma, alive? He said to him:** Indeed, **is Imma alive? He said to him: Is Ayevu alive?** Upon hearing this, Rabbi Ḥiyya understood that both Ayevu and Imma had passed away, and Rav did not wish to say so explicitly.


###### Pesachim 4a:2
[Pesachim 4a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:2)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְשַׁמָּעֵיהּ: חֲלוֹץ לִי מִנְעָלַי וְהוֹלֵיךְ כֵּלַי אַחֲרֵי לְבֵית הַמֶּרְחָץ. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ תְּלָת. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: אָבֵל אָסוּר בִּנְעִילַת הַסַּנְדָּל. וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: שְׁמוּעָה רְחוֹקָה אֵינָהּ נוֹהֶגֶת אֶלָּא יוֹם אֶחָד. וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: מִקְצָת הַיּוֹם כְּכוּלּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Ḥiyya **said to his attendant: Remove my shoes and carry my garments after me to the bathhouse.** The Gemara comments: **Learn from** Rabbi Ḥiyya’s instructions **three** *halakhot*. **Learn from it** that **wearing shoes** is **prohibited** for **a mourner,** which is why he instructed his servant to remove his shoes. **And learn from it** that for **distant tidings** mourning **is practiced only one day.** One who receives tidings of the death of a relative more than thirty days after he died, does not mourn for seven days. The *halakhot* of mourning apply for only a single day. **And learn from it** that with regard to the *halakhot* of mourning, the legal status of **part of the day is like** that **of an entire** day. The Gemara derives this *halakha* from the fact that Rabbi Ḥiyya removed his shoes and immediately thereafter went to the bathhouse, an act that is prohibited for a mourner. He was permitted to do so because the restrictions of the mourning period were no longer in effect after briefly going without shoes.


###### Pesachim 4a:3
[Pesachim 4a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:3)

הַהוּא דְּאָמַר: דּוּנוּ דִּינִי. אָמְרִי: שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ מִדָּן קָאָתֵי, דִּכְתִיב: ״דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֹ כְּאַחַד שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the precision required in language, the Gemara relates: **A certain** man **would** regularly **say** whenever involved in conflict: **Adjudicate my case [*dunu dini*].** The Sages **said: Learn from it** that **he descends from** the tribe of **Dan, as it is written: “Dan will judge [*yadin*] his people like one of the tribes of Israel”** (Genesis 49:16). He expressed himself that way due to his lineage.


###### Pesachim 4a:4
[Pesachim 4a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:4)

הָהוּא דַּהֲוָה קָא אָזֵיל וְאָמַר: אַכֵּיף יַמָּא אָסֵיסְנִי בִּירָאתָא. בְּדַקוּ וְאַשְׁכְּחוּהוּ דְּמִזְּבוּלוּן קָאָתֵי, דִּכְתִיב: ״זְבוּלֻן לְחוֹף יַמִּים יִשְׁכֹּן״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates a similar incident: **A certain** man **would** regularly **walk and say: The bushes on the seashore are cypresses** (*ge’onim*), i.e., items located by the sea are more beautiful than those found in other places. **They examined** his lineage **and found that he descends from** the tribe of **Zebulun, as it is written: “Zebulun shall dwell by the seashore”** (Genesis 49:13). That explains his love of all things close to the sea.


###### Pesachim 4a:5
[Pesachim 4a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:5)

וְהַשְׁתָּא דְּקַיְימָא לַן דִּלְכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא ״אוֹר״ אוּרְתָּא הוּא, מִכְּדֵי בֵּין לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וּבֵין לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר — חָמֵץ אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא מִשֵּׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת וּלְמַעְלָה, וְנִבְדּוֹק בְּשֵׁית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara returns to the issue of the search for leaven. **And now that we maintain that everyone agrees** the word ***or*** in the mishna **is evening,** consider the following: **After all, both according to** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda and according to** that of **Rabbi Meir,** who disagree with regard to the deadline decreed by the Sages to remove all leaven, **it is prohibited** to derive benefit from **leavened bread** by Torah law **only from the sixth hour** of the day **and onward. And** if so, **let us search** for leaven at **six** hours of the day, and eliminate the leaven at that point.


###### Pesachim 4a:6
[Pesachim 4a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:6)

וְכִי תֵּימָא זְרִיזִין מַקְדִּימִין לְמִצְוֹת, נִבְדּוֹק מִצַּפְרָא. דִּכְתִיב: ״וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁמִינִי יִמּוֹל בְּשַׂר עָרְלָתוֹ״, וְתַנְיָא: כָּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ כָּשֵׁר לְמִילָה, אֶלָּא שֶׁזְּרִיזִין מַקְדִּימִים לְמִצְוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיַּשְׁכֵּם אַבְרָהָם בַּבֹּקֶר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And lest you say** that this *halakha* is in accordance with the principle that **the vigilant are early** in the performance **of mitzvot, let us search in the morning.** The principle: The vigilant are early in the performance of mitzvot, is derived, **as it is written: “And on the eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be circumcised”** (Leviticus 12:3). **And it was taught** in a *baraita*: **The entire day is suitable for** performance of the mitzva of **circumcision; however, the vigilant are early** in the performance **of mitzvot,** and circumcise in the morning. **As it is stated** with regard to the binding of Isaac: **“And Abraham arose early in the morning”** (Genesis 22:3) after hearing God’s command. This indicates that Abraham arose early in his eagerness to perform God’s commandment.


###### Pesachim 4a:7
[Pesachim 4a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:7)

אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבְּנֵי אָדָם מְצוּיִין בְּבָתֵּיהֶם, וְאוֹר הַנֵּר יָפֶה לִבְדִיקָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites an answer to its initial question of why the search for leaven is not conducted in the morning. **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said:** One searches for leaven **in** the evening as it is **a time when people are found in their homes,** and they have the opportunity to perform the search. **And** furthermore, **the light of the lamp is favorable for** conducting a **search** specifically at night. As the search is conducted with a lamp, it is preferable to search at night.


###### Pesachim 4a:8
[Pesachim 4a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:8)

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הִילְכָּךְ, הַאי צוּרְבָּא מֵרַבָּנַן לָא לִפְתַּח בְּעִידָּנֵיהּ בְּאוּרְתָּא דִתְלֵיסַר דְּנַגְהֵי אַרְבֵּסַר — דִּלְמָא מָשְׁכָא לֵיהּ שְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ, וְאָתֵי לְאִימְּנוֹעֵי מִמִּצְוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said: Therefore,** in light of the above *halakha*, **a Torah scholar should not begin his** regularly scheduled **period** of Torah study **in the evening** at the conclusion **of the thirteenth** of Nisan **that** is **the evening of the fourteenth,** as **perhaps he will become engrossed in the *halakha*** he is studying **and will come to be prevented from** performing the **mitzva** of searching for leaven.


###### Pesachim 4a:9
[Pesachim 4a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:9)

בְּעוֹ מִינֵּיהּ מֵרַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, עַל מִי לִבְדּוֹק? עַל הַמַּשְׂכִּיר לִבְדּוֹק — דַּחֲמִירָא דִּידֵיהּ הוּא, אוֹ דִלְמָא עַל הַשּׂוֹכֵר לִבְדּוֹק — דְּאִיסּוּרָא בִּרְשׁוּתֵיהּ קָאֵי? תָּא שְׁמַע: הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ — עַל הַשּׂוֹכֵר לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ מְזוּזָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**They raised a dilemma before Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak:** With regard to **one who lets a house to another on the fourteenth** of Nisan, **upon whom** is it incumbent **to search** for leaven? Is it incumbent **upon the lessor to search** for leaven, **as the leavened bread is his; or** is it **perhaps** incumbent **upon the lessee to search, as the** source of the **prohibition is in his domain** since he will be living in the house during Passover? He answered: **Come** and **hear** an answer from a *baraita*: With regard to **one who lets a house to another,** the obligation is **upon the lessee to affix a *mezuza* for it.** Apparently, the person renting the house is obligated to perform the mitzvot connected to the house.


###### Pesachim 4a:10
[Pesachim 4a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:10)

הָתָם, הָא אָמַר רַב מְשַׁרְשְׁיָא: מְזוּזָה חוֹבַת הַדָּר הִיא. הָכָא, מַאי? אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק, תְּנֵינָא: הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָסַר לוֹ מַפְתְּחוֹת חָל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר — עַל הַמַּשְׂכִּיר לִבְדּוֹק, וְאִם מִשֶּׁמָּסַר לוֹ מַפְתְּחוֹת חָל אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר — עַל הַשּׂוֹכֵר לִבְדּוֹק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this proof: **There,** in the case of *mezuza*, **didn’t Rav Mesharshiya say:** Affixing **a *mezuza* is the obligation of the resident?** The fact is that the owner of an uninhabited house is not obligated to affix a *mezuza* to its doors. If so, the question remains, **what is** the *halakha* **here? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to them** that **we** already **learned** the resolution to this dilemma in a *baraita*: **One who rents a house to another, if before he delivered the keys to** the renter **the fourteenth** of Nisan **began,** the obligation is **upon the lessor to search** for leaven. **And if** it was **after he delivered the keys to him** that **the fourteenth began,** the obligation is **upon the lessee to search** for leaven.


###### Pesachim 4a:11
[Pesachim 4a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:11)

בְּעוֹ מִינֵּיהּ מֵרַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר, חֶזְקָתוֹ בָּדוּק אוֹ אֵין חֶזְקָתוֹ בָּדוּק? לְמַאי נָפְקָא מִינַּהּ? לִישַׁיְּילֵיהּ! דְּלֵיתֵיהּ לְהַאי דִּלְשַׁיּוֹלֵיהּ. לְאַטְרוֹחֵי לְהַאי, מַאי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**They raised** another **dilemma before Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak:** With regard to **one who lets a house to another on the fourteenth** of Nisan, is **its presumptive status** that it has been **searched or** is **it not its presumptive status that it has been searched?** The Gemara asks: **What is the practical difference** between these possibilities? **Let him ask** the owner of the house. The Gemara responds: The situation here is one **where** the owner is **not** here **to ask him.** The dilemma is whether or not **to impose upon** the renter to search for the leaven. **What is** the *halakha*?


###### Pesachim 4a:12
[Pesachim 4a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/4a:12)

אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק, תְּנֵיתוּהָ: הַכֹּל נֶאֱמָנִים עַל בִּיעוּר חָמֵץ, אֲפִילּוּ נָשִׁים אֲפִילּוּ עֲבָדִים אֲפִילּוּ קְטַנִּים. מַאי טַעְמָא מְהֵימְנֵי,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to them** that **we** already **learned** the resolution to this dilemma based on a related *baraita*: **Everyone is believed** to provide testimony **about the elimination of leavened bread; even women, even slaves,** and **even minors.** Although these people are typically not relied upon to deliver testimony, they are believed when they provide testimony that they have eliminated leaven. The Gemara asks: **What is the reason** that **they are believed?**