## Pesachim Daf 59a

###### Pesachim 59a:1
[Pesachim 59a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:1)

יְאוּחַר דָּבָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״בָּעָרֶב״ וּ״בֵין הָעַרְבָּיִם״, לְדָבָר שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ ״בָּעֶרֶב״, אֶלָּא ״בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם״ בִּלְבַד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**An item,** i.e., the Paschal lamb, **about which it is stated: “In the evening” and “in the afternoon,” should be** sacrificed **after an item,** the daily afternoon offering, **about which it is not stated “in the evening,” but only “in the afternoon.”** With regard to the Paschal lamb, the verse says: “You shall sacrifice the Paschal lamb in the evening, at the going down of the sun, at the season in which you came out of Egypt” (Deuteronomy 16:6), and it also says: “And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall slaughter it in the afternoon” (Exodus 12:6), whereas regarding the daily afternoon offering it only says: “And the second lamb you shall offer in the afternoon” (Numbers 28:4).


###### Pesachim 59a:2
[Pesachim 59a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:2)

אִי הָכִי, קְטֹרֶת וְנֵרוֹת נָמֵי נִקְדְּמוּ לְפֶסַח: יְאוּחַר דָּבָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״בָּעָרֶב״ וּ״בֵין הָעַרְבָּיִם״, לְדָבָר שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ אֶלָּא ״בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם״ בִּלְבַד!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **If that is so,** that the *halakha* that the Paschal lamb is offered after the daily afternoon offering is derived from these verses, then **the** burning of the **incense and the** lighting of the **lamps** of the candelabrum **should also precede the** offering of the **Paschal lamb. The item,** the Paschal lamb, **about which it is stated “in the evening” and “in the afternoon” should be** sacrificed **after the item about which it is stated only:** “And when Aaron lights the lamps **in the afternoon** he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before the Lord throughout your generations” (Exodus 30:8), which relates to both the burning of the incense and the lighting of the lamps.


###### Pesachim 59a:3
[Pesachim 59a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:3)

שָׁאנֵי הָתָם דְּמִיעֵט רַחֲמָנָא ״אֹתוֹ״. דְּתַנְיָא: ״מֵעֶרֶב וְעַד בֹּקֶר״ — תֵּן לָהּ מִדָּתָהּ שֶׁתְּהֵא דּוֹלֶקֶת מֵעֶרֶב עַד בּוֹקֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **It is different there,** in the case of lamps, **as the Merciful One** explicitly **excludes** in the Torah the possibility that the lamps will be kindled first by means of the word **it [*oto*],** which emphasizes that the lamps are kindled later. The Gemara clarifies: **As it was taught** in a *baraita* concerning the verse pertaining to the lamps: “In the tent of meeting, outside of the veil, which is before the testimony, Aaron and his sons shall set it in order **from evening to morning** before the Lord; it shall be a statute forever to their generations on behalf of the children of Israel” (Exodus 27:21). The phrase **“from evening to morning”** indicates that **you shall allocate** the candelabrum **its measure** of oil, so that **it will burn from evening until morning.**


###### Pesachim 59a:4
[Pesachim 59a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:4)

דָּבָר אַחֵר: אֵין לְךָ עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁכְּשֵׁירָה מֵעֶרֶב עַד בּוֹקֶר אֶלָּא זוֹ בִּלְבַד. מַאי טַעְמָא — אָמַר קְרָא: ״יַעֲרֹךְ אֹתוֹ אַהֲרֹן וּבָנָיו מֵעֶרֶב עַד בֹּקֶר״. אוֹתוֹ מֵעֶרֶב עַד בּוֹקֶר, וְאֵין דָּבָר אַחֵר מֵעֶרֶב עַד בּוֹקֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **Alternatively,** the same verse can be interpreted as follows: **There is no rite that is valid from evening until morning but this one alone,** since all the other rites are performed only during the day. **What is the reason** that this verse is interpreted to mean that lighting the lamps is the only rite valid from evening until morning? It is because **the verse said** with regard to the candelabrum: **“Aaron and his sons shall set [*ya’arokh*] it [*oto*] in order,** to burn **from evening to morning.”** The verse uses the separate word it [*oto*], rather than a pronominal suffix attached to the word *ya’arokh* to form the word *ya’arkhenu*, in order to emphasize that **it,** the lighting of the candelabrum, **is from evening until morning, but no other** rite is **from evening until morning.**


###### Pesachim 59a:5
[Pesachim 59a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:5)

וְאִיתַּקַּשׁ קְטֹרֶת לְנֵרוֹת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
And the Torah **juxtaposes the** burning of the **incense to the** kindling of the **lamps,** as it explicitly states that the incense is burned at the time the lamps are kindled: “And when Aaron lights the lamps in the afternoon, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense” (Exodus 30:8). From this it is derived that no other rite is performed in the Temple after burning the incense and lighting the lamps, not even the Paschal lamb.


###### Pesachim 59a:6
[Pesachim 59a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:6)

וְתַנְיָא כִּי קוּשְׁיַין: תָּמִיד קוֹדֶם לִקְטֹרֶת, קְטֹרֶת קוֹדֶמֶת לְנֵרוֹת, וְנֵרוֹת קוֹדְמוֹת לְפֶסַח. יְאוּחַר דָּבָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״בָּעָרֶב״ וּ״בֵין הָעַרְבָּיִם״, לְדָבָר שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ אֶלָּא ״בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם״ בִּלְבַד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
That explains the opinion cited in the previous *baraita* and its sources. It should, however, be noted that **it was** explicitly **taught** in a *baraita* **in accordance with our difficulty** and contrary to the opinion cited in the previous *baraita*: **The daily** afternoon **offering precedes** the afternoon burning of **the incense,** the burning of **the incense precedes** the lighting of **the lamps, and** the lighting of **the lamps precedes the Paschal lamb.** This is proof that this is the correct order: **An item,** the Paschal lamb, **about which it is stated “in the evening” and “in the afternoon” should be delayed until after an item,** i.e., the incense and lamps, **about which it is stated only “in the afternoon.”**


###### Pesachim 59a:7
[Pesachim 59a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:7)

וְהָא כְּתִיב ״אוֹתוֹ״! הַאי ״אוֹתוֹ״ מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ לְמַעוֹטֵי עֲבוֹדָה שֶׁבִּפְנִים, וּמַאי נִיהוּ? קְטֹרֶת. סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא הוֹאִיל וּכְתִיב ״וּבְהַעֲלוֹת אַהֲרֹן אֶת הַנֵּרוֹת בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם יַקְטִירֶנָּה״, אֵימָא: נַדְלֵיק נֵרוֹת בְּרֵישָׁא וַהֲדַר נַקְטֵיר קְטוֹרֶת, מִיעֵט רַחֲמָנָא ״אוֹתוֹ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: As already stated, **isn’t “it” written** in the verse, from which it is derived that lighting the lamps is the final Temple rite of the day? The Gemara answers: **This** word **“it” is necessary,** in order **to exclude a rite that is** performed **inside** the sanctuary, as opposed to the Paschal lamb, which is sacrificed outside, in the courtyard. The Gemara asks: **And what is** this rite? The Gemara answers: The burning of the **incense. It could have entered your mind to say that since it is written: “And when Aaron lights the lamps in the afternoon he shall burn it”** (Exodus 30:8), **say** that perhaps **we should light the lamps first and then we should burn the incense,** as the verse does not clearly state which of the two comes first. Therefore, **the Merciful One excludes** this possibility by use of the word “**it,”** from which it is derived that no other rite is performed inside the sanctuary after the lamps are kindled.


###### Pesachim 59a:8
[Pesachim 59a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:8)

אֶלָּא, ״בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם יַקְטִירֶנָּה״ לְמָה לִי? הָכִי קָאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא: בְּעִידָּן דְּמַדְלְקַתְּ נֵרוֹת תְּהֵא מִקַּטְרָא קְטֹרֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **However,** if that is the *halakha*, **why do I** need the phrase **“in the afternoon he shall burn it,”** which seems to add nothing? The Gemara answers that **this is** what **the Merciful One is saying:** This verse does not come to establish the time for lighting the lamps; it comes to teach that **at the time when you light the lamps, the incense should** already **be burning.**


###### Pesachim 59a:9
[Pesachim 59a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:9)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁקּוֹדֵם לְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר אֶלָּא קְטֹרֶת בִּלְבַד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ: ״בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר״. וְיוּקְדַּם קְטֹרֶת — דָּבָר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר״, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְהִקְטִיר עָלָיו אַהֲרֹן קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר״, לְדָבָר שֶׁלֹּא נֶאֱמַר בּוֹ אֶלָּא ״בֹּקֶר״ אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **Nothing may precede the daily morning offering but** the morning burning of **the incense alone, as it is stated about** the burning of the incense: **“In the morning, in the morning.” And** it is derived that **the incense, an item about which it is stated: “In the morning, in the morning,” as it is written: “And Aaron shall burn upon it incense of sweet spices; in the morning, in the morning,** when he dresses the lamps, he shall burn it” (Exodus 30:7), **should precede an item,** the daily offering, **about which only one morning is stated:** “The one lamb you shall offer in the morning” (Numbers 28:4).


###### Pesachim 59a:10
[Pesachim 59a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:10)

וְאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁמִּתְעַכֵּב אַחַר תָּמִיד שֶׁל בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם אֶלָּא קְטֹרֶת, וְנֵרוֹת, וּפֶסַח, וּמְחוּסַּר כִּפּוּרִים בְּעֶרֶב הַפֶּסַח — שֶׁטּוֹבֵל שֵׁנִית וְאוֹכֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ לָעֶרֶב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** similarly, **nothing may be delayed** until **after the daily afternoon offering but** the afternoon burning of the **incense,** the lighting of the **lamps,** the offering of **the Paschal lamb, and one who lacks atonement on Passover eve,** i.e., one who was ritually impure, such as a leper or a *zav*, and who immersed in a ritual bath to become pure. Such a person is required to bring an offering before he may partake of consecrated food, and he is referred to as one who lacks atonement until he does so. In the event that he neglects to bring his offering before the daily afternoon offering on Passover eve, the Sages instituted a special ordinance to enable him to bring his offering even after the daily offering. He **immerses a second time** after bringing the offering, thereby becoming fit to eat sacrificial foods, **and he eats his Paschal lamb in the evening.**


###### Pesachim 59a:11
[Pesachim 59a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:11)

רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר: אַף מְחוּסַּר כִּפּוּרִים בִּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה, שֶׁטּוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בַּקֳּדָשִׁים לָעֶרֶב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, says** that **even one who lacks atonement on the rest of the days of the year** brings his offering after the daily afternoon offering, and **that he immerses and eats sacrificial food** from a voluntary offering that he brought during the day, **in the evening.**


###### Pesachim 59a:12
[Pesachim 59a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:12)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְתַנָּא קַמָּא, יָבֹא עֲשֵׂה דְפֶסַח שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כָּרֵת, וְיִדְחֶה עֲשֵׂה דְהַשְׁלָמָה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כָּרֵת. אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא, מַאי אוּלְמֵיהּ דְּהַאי עֲשֵׂה מֵהַאי עֲשֵׂה?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Granted, according to the first *tanna*,** who permits sacrificing offerings after the daily afternoon offering only for one who lacks atonement on Passover eve, there is good reason for this policy: **The positive** mitzva **of the Paschal lamb, which** carries **with it** the punishment of ***karet*** for one who is qualified to bring the Paschal lamb and does not do so, **will come and override the positive** mitzva **of completion.** There is a positive mitzva to complete all the offerings before the daily afternoon offering. Failure to fulfill this command certainly **does not** involve ***karet*,** and therefore it is overridden by the more stringent mitzva of the Paschal lamb. **However,** according to the opinion of **Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka,** in **what** way **is the strength of this positive** mitzva to eat sacrificial meat greater **than** the strength of **that positive** mitzva to complete all the offerings of the day before the daily afternoon offering?


###### Pesachim 59a:13
[Pesachim 59a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:13)

אָמַר רָבִינָא אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: הָכָא בְּחַטַּאת הָעוֹף עָסְקִינַן, שֶׁאֵין לְמִזְבֵּחַ אֶלָּא דָּמָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ravina said** that **Rav Ḥisda said: Here we are dealing with** the special case of **a bird** brought as **a sin-offering.** This occurs when the person lacking atonement, e.g., an impoverished leper, is required to bring only a bird as a sin-offering, **as** in that case **the altar has only** the bird’s **blood.** Its meat is not brought on the altar at all; it is eaten by the priests. The mitzva to complete all offerings before the daily afternoon offering applies only to burning fats on the altar. Sprinkling blood onto the altar is permitted even after the daily afternoon offering.


###### Pesachim 59a:14
[Pesachim 59a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:14)

רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא בְּחַטַּאת בְּהֵמָה, מַעֲלֶהָ וּמְלִינָהּ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל מִזְבֵּחַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said: Even if you say** that we are dealing here with a person lacking atonement who is required to bring **an animal sin-offering,** it is possible to sacrifice it and still observe the mitzva of completion. How? The sacrificial parts of this sin-offering that are burned on the altar are not burned on the same day. Rather, the priest **brings them up and leaves them overnight on the top of the altar.** They are then burned the next day after the daily morning offering. If these sacrificial parts are left elsewhere overnight, they become disqualified; however, if they are left overnight on the top of the altar they remain fit. Consequently, it is possible for one to bring his offering and still observe the positive commandment of completion.


###### Pesachim 59a:15
[Pesachim 59a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:15)

וְהָאִיכָּא אָשָׁם. בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַב פָּפָּא הַיְינוּ דְּמֵלִין לַהּ, אֶלָּא לְרַב חִסְדָּא מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? אָמְרִי: שֶׁקָּרַב אֲשָׁמוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But isn’t there** also **a guilt-offering** that one who lacks atonement, e.g., a leper or a *zav*, must bring, and only sheep may be brought as a guilt-offering? **Granted, according to Rav Pappa,** the solution in the case of the guilt-offering **is** also for the priest to **leave it overnight** on the top of the altar. **However, according to Rav Ḥisda, what can be said,** as sprinkling the blood of the guilt-offering alone does not suffice to achieve atonement? **They say:** According to the opinion of Rav Ḥisda, Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, is referring here to one who lacks atonement and who already **sacrificed his guilt-offering.** He has only to bring a sin-offering, for which he can sacrifice even a bird, in order to achieve full atonement.


###### Pesachim 59a:16
[Pesachim 59a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:16)

וְהָאִיכָּא עוֹלָה! וְכִי תֵּימָא: עוֹלָה לָא מְעַכְּבָא, וְהָתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁחַטָּאתוֹ וַאֲשָׁמוֹ מְעַכְּבִין אוֹתוֹ, כָּךְ עוֹלָתוֹ מְעַכַּבְתּוֹ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But isn’t there** also **a burnt-offering** among the atonement offerings? **And if you say** that the failure to sacrifice **the burnt-offering does not prevent** atonement, **wasn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka,** himself **says: Just as** failure to sacrifice **his sin-offering and his guilt-offering prevents** the leper from achieving full ritual purity, **so too does** failure to sacrifice **his burnt-offering.**


###### Pesachim 59a:17
[Pesachim 59a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:17)

וְכִי תֵּימָא בְּשֶׁקָּרְבָה עוֹלָתוֹ, וּמִי קָרְבָה עוֹלָתוֹ קוֹדֶם לְחַטָּאתוֹ רִאשׁוֹן?! וְהָתַנְיָא: ״וְהִקְרִיב אֶת אֲשֶׁר לַחַטָּאת רִאשׁוֹנָה״, מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר? אִם לְלַמֵּד שֶׁתְּהֵא קוֹדֶמֶת לָעוֹלָה — הֲרֵי כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר: ״וְאֵת הַשֵּׁנִי יַעֲשֶׂה עוֹלָה כַּמִּשְׁפָּט״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you say,** in an attempt to answer as before, **that** the *baraita* here is dealing with a situation in which he already **offered his burnt-offering; may his burnt-offering be brought before his sin-offering? Wasn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: It is written concerning one who entered the Temple or ate consecrated food while ritually impure: “And he shall bring them to the priest **and he shall offer that which is for the sin-offering first** and pinch off its neck close by its head, but shall not divide it” (Leviticus 5:8). To **what** purpose **does the verse state** that the sin-offering is first? **If it is to teach that** this sin-offering **should** be offered **prior to the burnt-offering, it is already stated: “And he shall offer the second as a burnt-offering according to the ordinance”** (Leviticus 5:10), and there is no need for two verses.


###### Pesachim 59a:18
[Pesachim 59a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:18)

אֶלָּא: זֶה בָּנָה אָב לְכׇל חַטָּאוֹת שֶׁיְּהוּ קוֹדְמוֹת לְכׇל עוֹלוֹת הַבָּאוֹת עִמָּהֶן. וְקַיְימָא לַן דַּאֲפִילּוּ חַטַּאת הָעוֹף קוֹדֶמֶת לְעוֹלַת בְּהֵמָה!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, this is a paradigm** and a foundation for the principle **that all sin-offerings should precede all burnt-offerings that come with them.** In every case, the sin-offering is sacrificed first. **And we maintain** that this principle is so weighty that **even the sin-offering of a bird precedes a burnt-offering** of an **animal.**


###### Pesachim 59a:19
[Pesachim 59a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/59a:19)

אָמַר רָבָא: שָׁאנֵי עוֹלַת מְצוֹרָע, דְּרַחֲמָנָא אָמַר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava said:** The *halakha* of the **burnt-offering of a leper is different** from other sin-offerings and burnt-offerings, **as the Merciful One says** with regard to the *halakhot* of a leper: