## Pesachim Daf 61a

###### Pesachim 61a:1
[Pesachim 61a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:1)

וְיֶשְׁנוֹ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, וְיֶשְׁנוֹ בְּצִבּוּר כְּבַיָּחִיד. תֹּאמַר בְּשִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים — דְּאֵין פְּסוּלוֹ בְּגוּפוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ בְּאַרְבַּע עֲבוֹדוֹת, וְאֵינוֹ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, וְאֵינוֹ בְּצִבּוּר כְּבַיָּחִיד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** furthermore, the disqualification following from a change in sanctity **applies after death.** If one consecrates an offering and dies, his son must bring the offering in his place, and it can be invalidated through a change in sanctity. Moreover, **it applies to communal** offerings **as it does to** the offerings of **an individual.** However, **can you** necessarily **say** the same thing **with regard to a change in owner** that does not have these characteristics? **Its disqualification is not in** the offering **itself; and it does not** apply **to all four rites** but only to the sprinkling of the blood on the altar; **and it does not** apply **after death,** for after the owner has died there is no true owner of the offering, and therefore, if the priest intends to offer it for someone else the offering remains valid; **and it does not** apply **to communal** offerings **as it does to** the offerings of **an individual,** since it is not possible to have in mind a different owner, as it is owned by the whole community.


###### Pesachim 61a:2
[Pesachim 61a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:2)

וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּתַרְתֵּי לָאו דַּוְקָא, תַּרְתֵּי מִיהָא דַּוְקָא. דְּמַאי שְׁנָא שִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים דְּלָא הָוֵי פְּסוּלוֹ בְּגוּפוֹ — דִּפְסוּלוֹ מַחְשָׁבָה בְּעָלְמָא הִיא. שִׁינּוּי קוֹדֶשׁ נָמֵי — פְּסוּלוֹ מַחְשָׁבָה בְּעָלְמָא הִיא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And even though two** of these differences **are not** fully **accurate** and can be disputed, as will be explained, **two, at least, are accurate.** The Gemara explains the lack of accuracy: **For what is different about a change in owner** that defines **its disqualification** as **not being in** the offering **itself? Is it that its disqualification is merely** due to **thought?** If so, it is possible to say that **a change of sanctity is also merely a disqualification** due to **thought** and not in the offering itself, and therefore there is no real difference.


###### Pesachim 61a:3
[Pesachim 61a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:3)

וְתוּ, הָא דְּאָמַר שִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים אֵינוֹ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, וּלְרַב פִּנְחָס בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אַמֵּי דְּאָמַר יֵשׁ שִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים לְאַחַר מִיתָה, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר? תַּרְתֵּי מִיהַת דַּוְקָא נִינְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And furthermore,** with regard to **that which was said,** that **a change in owner does not** apply **after death,** there is the following difficulty: **According to Rav Pineḥas, son of Rav Ami, who said that** the disqualification resulting from **a change in owner applies after death,** so that if the offering of the deceased was brought for a different person, the son of the deceased must bring another offering in his father’s name, **what is there to say?** However, **at least two** of these differences **are accurate.**


###### Pesachim 61a:4
[Pesachim 61a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:4)

אֶלָּא, אָמַר רָבָא: פֶּסַח שֶׁשְּׁחָטוֹ בִּשְׁאָר יְמוֹת הַשָּׁנָה בְּשִׁינּוּי בְּעָלִים — נַעֲשָׂה כְּמִי שֶׁאֵין לוֹ בְּעָלִים בִּזְמַנּוֹ, וּפְסוּל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** Rav Pappa’s suggestion should be rejected, and **Rava said: A Paschal lamb that one slaughtered on the rest of the days of the year with a change of owner is considered like one that does not have an owner.** In other words, it is considered like a Paschal lamb that was slaughtered not for the sake of its owner **at its** proper **time** on Passover eve, **and it is disqualified.**


###### Pesachim 61a:5
[Pesachim 61a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:5)

**מַתְנִי׳** שְׁחָטוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו, וְשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָו, לַעֲרֵלִים וְלִטְמֵאִים — פָּסוּל. לְאוֹכְלָיו וְשֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו לִמְנוּיָו וְשֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָו, לְמוּלִים וְלַעֲרֵלִים, לִטְמֵאִים וְלִטְהוֹרִים — כָּשֵׁר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** If one **slaughtered** the Paschal lamb **for** people **who cannot eat it** or for **those who did not register** in advance to eat it, or if one slaughtered it for **people who are uncircumcised or for those who are ritually impure,** whom the Torah prohibits from eating the Paschal lamb, it **is disqualified.** However, if one slaughtered it **for those who can eat it and for those who cannot eat it; for those who have registered for it and for those who have not registered for it; for the circumcised and for the uncircumcised; for the ritually impure and for the ritually pure, it is valid,** for a partially invalid intent does not disqualify the offering.


###### Pesachim 61a:6
[Pesachim 61a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:6)

שְׁחָטוֹ קוֹדֶם חֲצוֹת — פָּסוּל, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם״. שְׁחָטוֹ קוֹדֶם לַתָּמִיד — כָּשֵׁר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁיְּהֵא אַחֵר מְמָרֵס בְּדָמוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּזָּרֵק הַתָּמִיד. וְאִם נִזְרַק — כָּשֵׁר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If one **slaughtered** the Paschal lamb **before midday it is disqualified, as it is stated:** “And the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall slaughter it **in the afternoon”** (Exodus 12:6). If he **slaughtered it before the daily** afternoon **offering it is valid, as long as another** person **stirs its blood** in order to prevent it from congealing **until the** blood of the **daily offering is sprinkled. And if** the blood of the Paschal lamb **is sprinkled** before the blood of the daily offering, **it is** nonetheless **valid,** as this change does not disqualify the offering.


###### Pesachim 61a:7
[Pesachim 61a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:7)

**גְּמָ׳** תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: כֵּיצַד שֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו? לְשׁוּם חוֹלֶה אוֹ לְשׁוּם זָקֵן. כֵּיצַד שֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָו? נִמְנוּ עָלָיו חֲבוּרָה זוֹ, וּשְׁחָטוֹ לְשֵׁם חֲבוּרָה אַחֶרֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **The Sages taught** in the *Tosefta*: **How so** the case of slaughtering the Paschal lamb **for those who cannot eat it?** It is a case where one slaughtered it **for the sake of a sick person or for the sake of an old person** who is unable to eat even an olive-sized portion of the Paschal lamb. **How so** the case of slaughtering the Paschal lamb **for those who did not register for it?** It is a case where **one group registered for it, and one slaughtered it for the sake of a different group.**


###### Pesachim 61a:8
[Pesachim 61a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:8)

מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״בְּמִכְסַת״ — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁאֵין הַפֶּסַח נִשְׁחָט אֶלָּא לִמְנוּיָו,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **From where are these matters,** which are not explicitly written in the Torah, derived? The Gemara answers: **As the Sages taught** with regard to the verse: “And if the household be too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor who is close to his house shall take one according to the number of the souls; according to every man’s eating you shall make your count for the lamb” (Exodus 12:4). **“According to the number of” teaches that the Paschal lamb is slaughtered only for those who have registered for it.** Everything is done according to the number of people who have registered before the slaughtering.


###### Pesachim 61a:9
[Pesachim 61a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:9)

יָכוֹל שְׁחָטוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָו יְהֵא כְּעוֹבֵר עַל הַמִּצְוָה וְכָשֵׁר — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בְּמִכְסַת ... תָּכֹסּוּ״, הַכָּתוּב שָׁנָה עָלָיו לְעַכֵּב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
I **might** have thought that if **he slaughtered it for those who did not register for it, he would be** considered **as one who has violated a commandment,** but nonetheless the offering would be **valid** after the fact. Therefore, **the Torah teaches** this law with the double formulation of **“according to the number”** and **“you shall make your count”; the verse repeated it to make** this requirement **indispensable,** so that the offering is disqualified if it is slaughtered for those who did not register for it.


###### Pesachim 61a:10
[Pesachim 61a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:10)

רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: לָשׁוֹן סוּרְסִי הוּא, כְּאָדָם שֶׁאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵירוֹ ״כּוֹס לִי טָלֶה זֶה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says:** The term “you shall make your count [*takhosu*]” **is Aramaic [*Sursi*], like one who says to his fellow: Slaughter [*kos*] me this lamb,** to teach that the registration must take place before the slaughtering.


###### Pesachim 61a:11
[Pesachim 61a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Pesachim/r/61a:11)

אַשְׁכְּחַן שֶׁלֹּא לִמְנוּיָו, שֶׁלֹּא לְאוֹכְלָיו מְנָא לַן? אָמַר קְרָא ״אִישׁ לְפִי אׇכְלוֹ תָּכוֹסּוּ״, אִיתַּקַּשׁ אוֹכְלִין לִמְנוּיִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**We have found** a source for the *halakha* that a Paschal lamb slaughtered **for those who have not registered for it** is disqualified. But **from where do we** derive the *halakha* that it is similarly disqualified if it is slaughtered **for those who cannot eat it?** The Gemara answers that **the verse says: “According to every man’s eating you shall make your count”; those who eat it are juxtaposed,** and thereby equated, **to those who are registered** for it. This teaches that just as the offering is disqualified if it is slaughtered for those who did not register for it, it is likewise disqualified if it is slaughtered for those who cannot eat it.