## Proverbs Chapter 31

###### Proverbs 31:1
[Proverbs 31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:1)

דִּ֭בְרֵי לְמוּאֵ֣ל מֶ֑לֶךְ מַ֝שָּׂ֗א אֲֽשֶׁר־יִסְּרַ֥תּוּ אִמּֽוֹ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
The words of king Lemu᾽el, the prophecy, that his mother taught him.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
The words [dedicated] to G-d, [uttered by] the king [(Solomon)], the burden [of the reproof] wherewith his mother chastised him [for his indulgences].


###### Proverbs 31:2
[Proverbs 31:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:2)

מַה־בְּ֭רִי וּמַֽה־בַּר־בִּטְנִ֑י וּ֝מֶ֗ה בַּר־נְדָרָֽי׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
What, my son? and what, son of my womb? and what, son of my vows?

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
What [did you do that make people call you (pejoratively)] my son [and not the son of your father (an acknowledged tzaddik)]? And what [did you do], the son of my womb? [i.e., the son whom I nurtured in my womb (with additional intercourse, so that he be "whitened and quickened")] And what [did you do], the son of my vows [(whom I vowed would be "whitened" in Torah)]?


###### Proverbs 31:3
[Proverbs 31:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:3)

אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן לַנָּשִׁ֣ים חֵילֶ֑ךָ וּ֝דְרָכֶ֗יךָ לַֽמְח֥וֹת מְלָכִֽין׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Give not thy strength to women, nor thy ways to those who destroy kings.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Give not your strength to women [i.e., do not dissipate your strength.] And [conduct not] your ways [in such a manner as] to destroy [the mores] of kings.


###### Proverbs 31:4
[Proverbs 31:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:4)

אַ֤ל לַֽמְלָכִ֨ים**׀** לְֽמוֹאֵ֗ל אַ֣ל לַֽמְלָכִ֣ים שְׁתוֹ־יָ֑יִן וּ֝לְרוֹזְנִ֗ים (או) [אֵ֣י] שֵׁכָֽר׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
It is not for kings, O Lemu᾽el, it is not for kings to drink wine; nor for princes to say, Where is strong drink?

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
It is not [right] for kings who [belong] to the L-rd — it is not right for [such] kings — to drink [much] wine, and for [such] princes to imbibe strong drink.


###### Proverbs 31:5
[Proverbs 31:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:5)

פֶּן־יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח מְחֻקָּ֑ק וִ֝ישַׁנֶּ֗ה דִּ֣ין כׇּל־בְּנֵי־עֹֽנִי׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Lest he drink, and forget the decree, and pervert the judgment of any of the afflicted.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Lest he drink and forget the statute [of the Torah] and [(even worse)] change the law of all the sons of poverty [i.e., the natural law of the meanest of men].


###### Proverbs 31:6
[Proverbs 31:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:6)

תְּנוּ־שֵׁכָ֥ר לְאוֹבֵ֑ד וְ֝יַ֗יִן לְמָ֣רֵי נָֽפֶשׁ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Give strong drink to him that is ready to perish, and wine to those of heavy hearts.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Give strong drink to the lost [i.e., to the wicked, who are destined to go lost], and wine to the bitter of soul [(those afflicted in their poverty or in their mourning)].


###### Proverbs 31:7
[Proverbs 31:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:7)

יִ֭שְׁתֶּה וְיִשְׁכַּ֣ח רִישׁ֑וֹ וַ֝עֲמָל֗וֹ לֹ֣א יִזְכׇּר־עֽוֹד׃{פ}

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Let him drink, and forget his poverty, and remember his misery no more.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
[For when] he drinks, he will forget his poverty and will no more remember his travail.


###### Proverbs 31:8
[Proverbs 31:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:8)

פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־דִּ֝֗ין כׇּל־בְּנֵ֥י חֲלֽוֹף׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Open thy mouth for the dumb, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Open your mouth for him who cannot speak [in his own defense], in [behalf of] the judgment of all the sons [whose help] has departed [i.e., orphans].


###### Proverbs 31:9
[Proverbs 31:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:9)

פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ שְׁפׇט־צֶ֑דֶק וְ֝דִ֗ין עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְיֽוֹן׃{פ}

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Open your mouth, judge righteously, and [obtain] justice for the poor and unfortunate.


###### Proverbs 31:10
[Proverbs 31:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:10)

אֵֽשֶׁת־חַ֭יִל מִ֣י יִמְצָ֑א וְרָחֹ֖ק מִפְּנִינִ֣ים מִכְרָֽהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Who can find a woman of worth? for her price is far above rubies.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Who can find the woman of valor? Far more than pearls is her worth.


###### Proverbs 31:11
[Proverbs 31:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:11)

בָּ֣טַח בָּ֭הּ לֵ֣ב בַּעְלָ֑הּ וְ֝שָׁלָ֗ל לֹ֣א יֶחְסָֽר׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
The heart of her husband safely trusts in her, and he shall have no lack of gain.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
The heart of her husband is secure in her, and he will not lack spoil [i.e., good].


###### Proverbs 31:12
[Proverbs 31:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:12)

גְּמָלַ֣תְהוּ ט֣וֹב וְלֹא־רָ֑ע כֹּ֝֗ל יְמֵ֣י חַיֶּֽיהָ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She returns him good and not evil all the days of her life.


###### Proverbs 31:13
[Proverbs 31:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:13)

דָּ֭רְשָׁה צֶ֣מֶר וּפִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַ֝תַּ֗עַשׂ בְּחֵ֣פֶץ כַּפֶּֽיהָ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She seeks wool, and flax, and works willingly with her hands.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She seeks wool and flax and does all with willing palms.


###### Proverbs 31:14
[Proverbs 31:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:14)

הָ֭יְתָה כׇּאֳנִיּ֣וֹת סוֹחֵ֑ר מִ֝מֶּרְחָ֗ק תָּבִ֥יא לַחְמָֽהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She is like the merchant ships; she brings her food from afar.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She is like the ships of merchants; she brings her bread from afar.


###### Proverbs 31:15
[Proverbs 31:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:15)

וַתָּ֤קׇם**׀** בְּע֬וֹד לַ֗יְלָה וַתִּתֵּ֣ן טֶ֣רֶף לְבֵיתָ֑הּ וְ֝חֹ֗ק לְנַעֲרֹתֶֽיהָ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She rises also while it is yet night, and gives food to her household, and a portion to her maidens.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
And she arises when it is yet night and prepares food for her household and the allotment of her young maidens.


###### Proverbs 31:16
[Proverbs 31:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:16)

זָמְמָ֣ה שָׂ֭דֶה וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ מִפְּרִ֥י כַ֝פֶּ֗יהָ (נטע) [נָ֣טְעָה] כָּֽרֶם׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She considers a field, and buys it: with the fruit of her hands she plants a vineyard.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She thinks [to obtain] a field, and she possesses it; from the fruit [i.e., the work] of her palms, she plants a vineyard.


###### Proverbs 31:17
[Proverbs 31:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:17)

חָֽגְרָ֣ה בְע֣וֹז מׇתְנֶ֑יהָ וַ֝תְּאַמֵּ֗ץ זְרוֹעֹתֶֽיהָ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She girds her loins with strength, and she makes her arms strong.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She girds her loins with might and strengthens her arms.


###### Proverbs 31:18
[Proverbs 31:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:18)

טָ֭עֲמָה כִּי־ט֣וֹב סַחְרָ֑הּ לֹא־יִכְבֶּ֖ה (בליל) [בַלַּ֣יְלָה] נֵרָֽהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She perceives that her merchandise is good: her candle does not go out by night.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
[When] she takes counsel [with herself, judging] that her commerce is gainful, her candle is not extinguished at night.


###### Proverbs 31:19
[Proverbs 31:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:19)

יָ֭דֶיהָ שִׁלְּחָ֣ה בַכִּישׁ֑וֹר וְ֝כַפֶּ֗יהָ תָּ֣מְכוּ פָֽלֶךְ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She lays her hands to the distaff, and her palms hold the spindle.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She sends her hands to the distaff and her palms hold the spindle.


###### Proverbs 31:20
[Proverbs 31:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:20)

כַּ֭פָּהּ פָּֽרְשָׂ֣ה לֶעָנִ֑י וְ֝יָדֶ֗יהָ שִׁלְּחָ֥ה לָאֶבְיֽוֹן׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She stretches out her palm to the poor; yea, she reaches forth her hands to the needy.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Her palm is spread open to the poor man, and she stretches forth her hand to the unfortunate one.


###### Proverbs 31:21
[Proverbs 31:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:21)

לֹא־תִירָ֣א לְבֵיתָ֣הּ מִשָּׁ֑לֶג כִּ֥י כׇל־בֵּ֝יתָ֗הּ לָבֻ֥שׁ שָׁנִֽים׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She does not fear the snow [i.e., the cold] for [those of] her household, for all of her household is clothed in multi [-colored garments].


###### Proverbs 31:22
[Proverbs 31:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:22)

מַרְבַדִּ֥ים עָֽשְׂתָה־לָּ֑הּ שֵׁ֖שׁ וְאַרְגָּמָ֣ן לְבוּשָֽׁהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She makes herself coverlets; her clothing is fine linen and purple.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She has made [beautiful] spreads for herself; she has clothed herself in fine linen and purple.


###### Proverbs 31:23
[Proverbs 31:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:23)

נוֹדָ֣ע בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים בַּעְלָ֑הּ בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Her husband is known in the gates, when he sits among the elders of the land.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Her husband is distinguished [(from his friends by his fine clothing)] in the [city] gates, sitting among the elders of the land.


###### Proverbs 31:24
[Proverbs 31:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:24)

סָדִ֣ין עָ֭שְׂתָה וַתִּמְכֹּ֑ר וַ֝חֲג֗וֹר נָתְנָ֥ה לַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She makes garments, and sells them; and delivers girdles to the merchant.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She makes linens and sells them, and she gives a sash to the merchant.


###### Proverbs 31:25
[Proverbs 31:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:25)

עֹז־וְהָדָ֥ר לְבוּשָׁ֑הּ וַ֝תִּשְׂחַ֗ק לְי֣וֹם אַחֲרֽוֹן׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Strength and dignity are her clothing; and she laughs at the time to come.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Strength and glory are her vestments, and she has wrought unto [her] last day [i.e., the day of her death (that it be crowned with a good name)].


###### Proverbs 31:26
[Proverbs 31:26](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:26)

פִּ֭יהָ פָּתְחָ֣ה בְחׇכְמָ֑ה וְת֥וֹרַת חֶ֝֗סֶד עַל־לְשׁוֹנָֽהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She opens her mouth with wisdom; and on her tongue is a Tora of steadfast love.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She opens her mouth in wisdom and the Torah of lovingkindness is on her tongue.


###### Proverbs 31:27
[Proverbs 31:27](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:27)

צ֭וֹפִיָּה (הילכות) [הֲלִיכ֣וֹת] בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְלֶ֥חֶם עַ֝צְל֗וּת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵֽל׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
She looks well to the ways of her household, and does not eat the bread of idleness.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
She looks to the ways of [those of] her house [(that they conduct themselves truthfully and modestly)], and she does not eat the bread of indolence.


###### Proverbs 31:28
[Proverbs 31:28](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:28)

קָ֣מוּ בָ֭נֶיהָ וַֽיְאַשְּׁר֑וּהָ בַּ֝עְלָ֗הּ וַֽיְהַלְלָֽהּ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Her children rise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praises her:

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Her children have risen and praised her; her husband, and extolled her, [saying]:


###### Proverbs 31:29
[Proverbs 31:29](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:29)

רַבּ֣וֹת בָּ֭נוֹת עָ֣שׂוּ חָ֑יִל וְ֝אַ֗תְּ עָלִ֥ית עַל־כֻּלָּֽנָה׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Many women have done valorously, but you have risen above all of them.


###### Proverbs 31:30
[Proverbs 31:30](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:30)

שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭חֵן וְהֶ֣בֶל הַיֹּ֑פִי אִשָּׁ֥ה יִרְאַת־יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תִתְהַלָּֽל׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Grace is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman who fears the Lord, she shall be praised.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Favor is false, and beauty, vain; the G-d-fearing woman, she is to be praised.


###### Proverbs 31:31
[Proverbs 31:31](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Proverbs/r/31:31)

תְּנוּ־לָ֭הּ מִפְּרִ֣י יָדֶ֑יהָ וִיהַלְל֖וּהָ בַשְּׁעָרִ֣ים מַֽעֲשֶֽׂיהָ׃

**The Koren Jerusalem Bible:**
Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her deeds praise her in the gates.

**The Rashi Ketuvim by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein:**
Render her the fruit of her hands [i.e., the reward of her works], and let her deeds extol her in the [city] gates. [(Thus far, the figure [melitzah]; the analogue [mashal] is Torah)].