## Radak on II Chronicles Chapter 31

###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:5:1)

**וכפרץ הדבר.** שהתחילו להביא התרומות והמעשרות. ורבותי' ז"ל דרשו (ב' נדר' נה,א) כי לפיכך אמ' "וכפרץ" – שפרצו בהבאת המעשרות, והביאו אף מפירות אילן וירק שאינן חייבין מן התורה:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
***Ve-ki-peroṣ ha-davar* (=when the matter spread).** [This means]: when [the Israelites] started bringing the gifts and the tithes. In a midrashic vein, our Sages, of blessed memory (b. Nedarim 55a), explain that the reason the text says *ve-ki-peroṣ* is that they went above and beyond (*pareṣu*) when it came to bringing the tithes: they brought even of the produce of trees and of greens, which are not included in the biblical mandate.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:2
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:5:2)

**ראשית דגן.** בכורים, או תרומה גדולה שהיא "ראשית" (דב' יח,ד).

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**The first of the grains.** [This refers either to] “first-fruits” or [to] the standard priestly share (*terumah gedolah*), which is “first” (Deut 18:4).


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:3
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:5:3)

ו**דבש** הוא התמרים, כי מהדבש לא יביאו בכורים ולא תרומה. וכן פרשו רבותי' ז"ל (ספרי דב' רצז) "ארץ זית שמן ודבש" (דב' ח,ח) כי הוא התמרים, כי מאותן שבעת המינים הנזכרים בפסוק מביאים בכורים (מש' בכורים א,ג):

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**Honey** refers to dates, because one does not bring first fruits or [set aside] a priests’ share from [bee] honey. Indeed, our Sages, of blessed memory (Sifrei Deut 297), explain “a land of olive oil *and honey*” (Deut 8:8) to refer to dates, because it is from the very seven products mentioned in [that] verse that one brings first fruits (m. Bikkurim 1:3).


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:4
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:5:4)

**וכל תבואת שדה.** פרות שאר האילנות – גפן ותאנה ורמון, שגם מהם מביאין בכורים:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**And all kinds of agricultural produce.** [This means]: fruit of the rest of the trees from which first fruits are brought—the grape, fig, and pomegranate.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:6:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:6:1)

**ומעשר קדשים המקדשים ליי'.** אפלו מהקדשים שהקדישו הביאו מהם מעשר, אע"פ שהם פטורין מן המעשרות:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**And tithes of sacred things consecrated to the Lord.** They brought tithes even from the sacred things they had consecrated, even though these are exempt from tithes.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:7:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:7:1)

**החלו הערמות ליסוד.** יסוד הערמות הוא תחלתם. "ליסּוד" מקור; והדגש לתפארת לחזק קריאת הסמ"ך, ולא לחסרון אות, כי יו"ד השרש כתובה:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**The heaps began to accumulate (*lissod* [ליסּוד]).** The *yesod* (**יסוד**; =foundation) of the heaps means their beginning. *Lissod* is an infinitive form. The gemination strengthens the pronunciation of the *samekh* for euphonic purposes and does not reflect the assimilation of a letter—for the *yod* of the root is written.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:10:1)

**לביא בית יי'.** כמו "להביא":

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
***Lavi* (=to be brought) to the House of the Lord.** This is the equivalent of *lehavi*.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:2
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:10:2)

**אכול ושבוע.** שיאכלו הכהנים והלוים מהתרומות והמעשרות לשבעה:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**Eating to satiety.** That is, let the priests and Levites eat of the gifts and the tithes to satiety.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:3
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:10:3)

**והנותר את ההמון הזה.** פי': והנותר יהיה להמון הכהנים והלוים הזה, שישמרו אותם להם ויחלקו אותם להם, כקטן כגדול דבר יום ביומו (להלן פס' טו-טז). ואמ' "המון" בעבור כי נתקבצו שם מכל המקומות הכהנים והלוים:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**And whatever is left over *et* this large group.** This means: And let whatever is left over be *for* this large group; that is, let them keep it and distribute it among themselves, old and young alike on a daily basis (v. 15–16). The text calls this a “large group” because the priests and Levites gathered together there from all over.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:13:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:13:1)

**במפקד יחזקיהו.** במצות:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
***Be-mifqad* Hezekiah.**[This means]: by order of [Hezekiah].


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:16:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:16:1)

**מלבד התיחשם לזכרים מבן שלוש שנים ולמעלה.** כי הזכרים פחותים מבן שלש לא היו ראויים לבא לבית יי', והנקבות לא היו באות לא כך ולא כך. או אמר "מבן שלש" לפי שפחות מבן שלש אין בו דעת לשמר מה שבידו; ואין נותנין בידו תרומה שמא יטמאנה, כמנהגו לטפח בכל מקום – בשרצים המתים ובכל דבר. אבל מבן שלש שנים ולמעלה יודע לשמור ידיו, אחר שמלמדין אותו ומרגילין אותו. ופי' "התיחשם" – שיבאו האבות עם הבנים; ופי' "מלבד" – כי היו נותנין להם בערי הכהנים כמו שאומ' (פס' טו), מלבד מה שהיו נותנין להם בבואם **בית יי'**:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**Besides [what was allocated to] male family members, from three years old and up.** For males under three were not eligible to come to the House of the Lord, and the females did not come in any case. Alternatively, the text says “from three” because [a child] under three does not know how to watch what is in his hand. One does not, then, give the priests’ share to him, lest he make it unclean, because he tends to dabble everywhere—among dead reptiles or anything else. But from three years old and up he knows how to watch his hands, because he has been taught and trained. “Family members” indicates that fathers would come together with their sons. And “besides” alludes to the allocations that the text says would be made to them in the priestly cities (v. 15) *besides* what would be allocated to them when they would come to **the House of the Lord**.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:17:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:17:1)

**והלוים מבן עשרים ולמעלה.** ובתורה אומר "מבן חמש ועשרים שנה ומעלה יבא לצבא צבא לעבודת אהל מועד" (הש' במ' ח,כד)! הזמינם קודם זמנם כדי שיהיו רגילים ולמדים עבודת יי', כי כבר שכחו הכל בבטול העבודה מבית יי' בימי המלכים הרעים:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**And the Levites from twenty years old and up.** But in the Torah it says, “From twenty-*five* years old and up they shall participate in the work force in the service of the Tent of Meeting” (Num 8:24)! [Hezekiah] called on them before they came of age so that they would become adept and well-trained in the service of the Lord, because everything had been forgotten when the service of the House of the Lord was discontinued during the days of the wicked kings.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:19:1
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:19:1)

**לכל זכר בכהנים.** מנות הראויים לאכל לזכרי כהונה:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**To every male priest.** [This means] portions *fit to be eaten* by male priests.


###### Radak on II Chronicles 31:19:2
[Radak on II Chronicles 31:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20II%20Chronicles/r/31:19:2)

**ולכל התיחש בלוים.** לנשיהם ולבניהם:

**The Commentary of Radak to Chronicles: A Translation with Introduction and Supercommentary, by Yitzhak Berger, Brown University, 2007:**
**And to every Levite family member.** [This means] to their wives and children.