## Radak on Jonah Chapter 3

###### Radak on Jonah 3:1:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:1:1)

**ויהי דבר ה' אל יונה שנית.**כבר פירשנו למעלה א, א טעם שנית:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And the word of God came to Yonah a second time."- We have already explained the meaning of "a second [time]" above [in] chapter one, verse one.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:2:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:2:1)

**קום, אשר אנכי דובר.**שדברתי אליך כבר וגם עתה אני דובר אליך שתקרא אליה שתהיה נהפכת על רעתם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"Get up...[call out] that which I speak"- [Meaning,] that I spoke to you already and also that which I am now speaking to you, that you should call out to it [the city] that it will be overturned because of their evil.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:3:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:3:1)

**ויקם, עיר גדולה לאלהים.**כל דבר שרוצה להגדילו סומך אותו לאל דרך הגדלה כמו כהררי אל ארזי אל שלהבת יה מאפליה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And he got up...a city great to God."- [When it comes to] anything which one wants to enlarge, [one should] juxtapose it with God in a way that increases its size, like [it says in the following phrases]: "Like the mountains of God," (Tehillim 36:7) "The cedars of God,"(Tehillim 80:11) "A flame of God from its darkness."


###### Radak on Jonah 3:4:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:4:1)

**ויחל יונה.**כי העיר היתה מהלך שלשה ימים מן הקצה אל הקצה והחל יונה להכנס בעיר עד מהלך יום ובלכתו בעיר היה קורא ואומר עוד ארבעים יום ונינוה נהפכת רוצה לומר כמהפכת סדום ועמורה כי מעשיה היו כמעשיהם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"Yonah started out"- For the city was three days' journey from one end to the other and Yonah started by entering the city one day's journey, and as he walked, he would call out and say: "Forty days more and Nineveh is overturned!" That is, [it is overturned] like the overturning of S'dom and Amorah, because its[the city of Nineveh's] acts were like theirs.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:5:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:5:1)

**ויאמינו.**כי אנשי האניה היו בעיר והעידו עליו כי הטילוהו אל הים וכל ענינו כמו שהיה לפיכך האמינו בנבואתו ושבו בתשובה שלמה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And they believed"- because the sailors were in the city and they testified about Yonah that they had cast him into the sea, and the rest of his story as it happened. This is why they believed his prophecy and repented completely.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:5:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:5:2)

**ויקראו צום.**קודם אזהרת המלך עשו תשובה מעצמם והתענו ולבשו שקים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"They proclaimed a fast"- [even] before the king's warning, they repented on their own, and they fasted, and they wore sackcloth.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:6:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:6:1)

**ויגע הדבר.**הדבר אשר דבר הנביא וקרא על העיר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And the matter reached"- The matter which the prophet had spoken and called out about the city.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:6:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:6:2)

**אדרתו.** אדרת המלוכה שעליו וי"ת לבוש יקריה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"His mantle"- The robe of kingship that was on him, and [Targum] Yonatan translates: "His esteemed garment."


###### Radak on Jonah 3:7:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:7:1)

**ויזעק.**העביר כרוז בעיר על התשובה ואע"פ שהעם היו נזהרים מאליהם הוסיף עוד ענוי הבהמה והשבת הגזל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And he cried"- he passed a proclamation in the city about repentance, and even though the people were being scrupulous [to repent] of their own accord already, he added more: the affliction [through fasting] of the animals and the returning of stolen things.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:7:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:7:2)

**מטעם המלך.**רוצה לומר מעצתו ושכלו הוא וגדוליו כלם הסכימו בזה וכן וטעם זקנים יקח בשנותו את טעמו והדומים להם ות"י מגזרת מלכא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"From the reasoning of the king"- Meaning to say, from his counsel and his intelligence, [both] he and his nobles- they all agreed to this. And similarly [it uses this word in the verses]: "He takes the reasoning of elders" (Iyov 12:20), "When he changed his sanity"(Tehillim 34:1), and those similar to them, and [Targum] Yonatan translates: "From the decree of the king."


###### Radak on Jonah 3:8:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:8:1)

**ויתכסו, בחזקה.**בכל לב:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And they shall cover themselves...with strength"- [cry out] with all one's heart].


###### Radak on Jonah 3:8:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:8:2)

**מדרכו הרעה.**שאר עבירות:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"From his evil way"- [this is referring to] other transgressions.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:8:3
[Radak on Jonah 3:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:8:3)

**ומן החמס.**הוא כנגד כולם ועליו נגזרה גזרתם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And from the treachery"- It is [considered equal] opposite all of them and on it was their decree decreed.


###### Radak on Jonah 3:9:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:9:1)

**מי יודע.**אולי ישוב ונחם האלהים בשובינו ממעשינו הרעים או פי' מי שיודע דרכי התשובה ישוב והאלהים יתברך ינחם ות"י מאן ידע דאית ביה חובין יתוב מנהון ויתרחם עלנא מן קדם ה':

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"Who knows"- [the explanation of this is:] perhaps God will return and relent when we repent of our evil actions, or the explanation is: one who knows the ways of repentance should repent and God, Blessed is He, will relent, and [Targum] Yonatan translates: "One he knows that he has sins which obligate him [to be punished] should repent of them and we will be granted mercy from before God."


###### Radak on Jonah 3:9:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:9:2)

**ונחם.**פתח כי הוא פעל עבר מוסב לעתיד מפני הוי"ו והוא מבנין נפעל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And he will relent"- [There is a] patakh because it is an פִּעֵל-form past-tense verb altered to be future-tense because of the letter ו, it is from the נִפעַל form [of verbs].


###### Radak on Jonah 3:10:1
[Radak on Jonah 3:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:10:1)

**וירא, מדרכם הרעה.**כלל כל הרעות ומן החמס שבו בתשובה שלמה כמו שאמרו רבותינו ז"ל מי שגזל מריש ובנאו בבירה גדולה מקעקע כל הבירה כולה ומחזיר מריש לבעליו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And he saw...from their evil way"- [This phrase] includes all the evils [they were doing]. "And from the treachery" [means] they repented a complete repentance, like our Rabbis of blessed memory said: "One who steal a beam and builds it into a large pit must destroy the whole pit in its entirety and return the beam to its owner."


###### Radak on Jonah 3:10:2
[Radak on Jonah 3:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Radak%20on%20Jonah/r/3:10:2)

**וינחם האלהים.**כי כל דבריו שאמר להרע לבני האדם בתנאי אם לא ישובו אבל אם ישובו יסלח וזו המדה היא ממדותיו ית' כמו שאמר בתורה וכן אמר ירמיהו רגע אדבר וגו' וכן אמר יחזקאל ובשוב רשע מרשעתו וגו':

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
"And God will relent"- Because all his words which he said to cause harm to people are with a condition: "if they do not repent [they will be destroyed]," but if they do repent, He will forgive, and this trait comes from His traits, Blessed is He, like it says in the Torah, and so said Yirmiyahu [as well]: "For a moment I speak of a nation [to be destroyed]..." (Jeremiah 18:7); And so said Yekhezkel: "And when a evil person returns from his wickedness..."(Ezekiel 18:27).