## Rashbam on Leviticus Chapter 19

###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:2:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:2:1)

קדשים תהיו - מפני שהרבה מצות הוזהרו להתקדש ולשמור.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
קדושים תהיו, seeing that most commandments are designed to sanctify you and to be observed by you.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:3:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:3:1)

ואת שבתותי תשמרו - כשם שבעשרת הדברות נאמר כיבוד ואם אצל שמירת שבת, שהושוו כבודם לכבוד המקום, אף כאן סמכן הכתוב לפי פשוטו.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ואת שבתותי תשמורו, just as in the Ten Commandments the command to honour parents appeared next to the commandment to observe the Sabbath, honouring parents is almost on a par with honouring the Creator Himself, the Torah placed these two commandments next to one another here too. This is the plain meaning of the text.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:5:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:5:1)

לרצונכם - שיהא תמים לסמיכה ולכל משפטיו של קרבן וכמו שמפרש והולך.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לרצונכם, by ensuring the animal is unblemished and the procedure of semichah, placing one’s weight on it with one’s hands has been performed, as well as all the other details which have been spelled out in Leviticus 3,6.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:7:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:7:1)

ואם האכל יאכל - במחשב לאוכלו חוץ ממקומו פירשו חכמים.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ואם האכל יאכל, according to our sages (Torat Kohanim 1,4) this refers to someone planning to eat the remains outside the sacred precincts allocated for this.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:10:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:10:1)

לא תעולל - פאה משמע כדכתיב: עולל יעוללו כגפן.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תעולל, meaning something akin to the concept of peyah in cornfields, i.e. the farmer must not harvest the entire vineyard for his own use. The parallel verse appears in Jeremiah 6,9 עולל יעוללו כגפן, “let them glean over and over, as a vine.”


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:11:1)

לא תגנבו - ממון.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תגנובו, money.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:11:2)

ולא תכחשו - כפירת הממון המופקד בידו, כדכתיב: וכחש בה.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תכחשו, denial that one had received a deposit for safekeeping from another Jew. Compare Leviticus 5,22.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:3
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:11:3)

ולא תשקרו - ממון שהלוהו.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תשקרו, denying that one had received a loan.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:12:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:12:1)

ולא תשבעו - אפילו בלא כפירת ממון.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ולא תשבעו, even when this does not entail denying financial obligations one wants to escape.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:13:1)

לא תעשק - עושק שכר שכיר ומטי גר.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תעשוק, withholding wages and suppressing just claims by converts.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:13:2)

ולא תגזול - כעין ויגזול את החנית מידו.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תגזול, similar to Samuel II 23,21 ויגזול את החנית מידו, “he wrenched the spear out of his hand.”


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:3
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:13:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:13:3)

ולא תלין - שכיר לילה.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תלין, withholding wages from night workers.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:14:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:14:1)

לא תקלל חרש - בהווה דבר הכתוב. וטעמו ברי"ש כי משקל דגש הוא. כמו עִוֵּר גִּבֵּן.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תקלל חרש, the Torah uses an example of everyday occurrences. The emphasis is on the penultimate syllable on account of the dagesh in the first ל. Similar constructions affecting the emphasis occur in ivver, or gibben, both of which also are emphasised on the first syllable as they have a dagesh in the vav or beyt respectively.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:16:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:16:1)

לא תלך רכיל - המחזר בעיירות מהלך לומר לשון הרע מזה אל זה. ותרגום: לא תיכול קורצין. לא תכריז רכילות. וכן בדניאל: אכלו קורציהון דיהודאי. הכריזו. וכן: ירעם משמים מתורגם: אכלי מן שמיא. לשון השמעת קול.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תלך רכיל, do not go around bearing tales (untrue ones). We find a similar verse in Daniel 3,8 “Chaldeans slandered the Jews.” Samuel II 22,14 ירעם משמים, G’d thundered forth from heaven, is also translated as אכלי, by Yonathan ben Uzziel, being the equivalent of the Hebrew רכיל in our verse, i.e. raising one’s voice.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:16:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:16:2)

לא תעמוד על דם רעך - לא תעמוד מנגד, אלא ניתן להצילו בנפשו של רודף.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תעמוד על דם רעך, do not stand by idly but go to his assistance.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:17:1)

לא תשנא את אחיך בלבבך - אם גמלך רעה לא תתראה לפניו כאוהב. ובקרבו ישים אורבו לא טוב, אל תשנאהו בלבך אלא -

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תשנא את אחיך בלבבך, if he has done something evil to you, do not behave as if you continue to love him, all the time setting an ambush for him in your heart. (compare Jeremiah 9:7) Such an attitude is unhealthy, but


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:17:2)

הוכח - תוכיחהו על מה שעשה ומתוך כך יהיה שלום.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
הוכח תוכיח, rebuke him for what he has done and as a result you will restore harmonious relations.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:3
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:17:3)

ולא תשא עליו חטא - בלבבך.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ולא תשא עליו חטא, in your heart.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:18:1)

לא תקום - לגמול לו רעה תחת רעה.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תקם , repaying evil with evil.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:18:2)

ולא תטר - אפילו בלבבך אלא עבור על מדתך.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ולא תטר; not even in your heart, but train yourself to resist your natural impulse to get even.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:3
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:18:3)

ואהבת לרעך כמוך - רעך הוא אם טוב [הוא], אבל לא אם הוא רשע, כדכתיב: יראת ה' שנאת רע.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
ואהבת לרעך כמוך, if he is truly your colleague, friend; however, if he is wicked you need not love him, as even G’d hates him as we know from Proverbs 8,13 יראת ה' שנאת רע, “to fear the Lord is to hate evil.” (compare Pessachim 113)


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:19:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:19:1)

בהמתך לא תרביע כלאים - לפי דרך ארץ ותשובת המינין: כשם שצוה הכתוב שכל אחד ואחד יוציא פרי למינהו במעשה בראשית, כך צוה להנהיג את העולם בבהמות בשדות ואילנות וגם בחרישת שור וחמור, שהם שני מינים. וגם בצמר ופשתים, אחר שזה מין בהמות וזה מין קרקע וגידוליו. ולמינים אמרתי: הצמר צבוע והפשתן אינו צבוע וקפיד בבגד של שני מראות והודו לי.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
בהמתך לא תרביע כלאים, according to accepted norms and even the view of the heretics, just as the Torah commanded the earth and the creatures to reproduce only their own species (Genesis 1,11 and 1,21 as well as 1,24) so the Torah commands us when pursuing the task of tilling the earth to follow the same principles. This is also required regarding not mixing flax and wool, seeing the former is a product of the earth whereas the latter is a product of the animal kingdom, a higher form of creation. To the heretics who deny this principle, questioning that if true why are only lambs’ wool and flax prohibited to be mixed, whereas other forms of animal based wool are allowed to be mixed with flax, I say that the prohibition is due to mixing natural coloured materials such as white and dyed materials. The Torah considers mixing coloured fabrics with fabrics in their natural state as forbidden, quoting lamb’s wool and flax (linen) as the most popular example of such mixes. The heretics I spoke with accepted my argument.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:20:1)

נחרפת - מסורה ומיוחדת לעבד עברי: אם אדוניו יתן לו אשה. ודומה לו: עם חרף נפשו למות מסר נפשו. וגם בתרגום.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
נחרפת, exclusively assigned to a Hebrew servant, as we know from Exodus 21,4: “if his master will give him a wife.” An expression parallel to the wordנחרפת occurs in Judges 5,18 עם חרף נפשו למות, “a people that mocked at death.” It means there that Dan dedicated its life utterly. [a wife dedicates her life utterly to her husband. Ed.] Onkelos also understands the word as meaning that this woman is exclusive to the man mentioned in our verse.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:20:2)

לא נפדתה - שאינה משוחררת ואיננה כאשת איש לידון בחנק.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא נפדתה, on the one hand she has not been released from her vows, on the other hand she is not a true wife whose penalty would be death by strangulation.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:3
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:20:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:20:3)

בקרת תהיה - כמו: לא יבקר הכהן, כן פתרוהו דונ"ש ומנחם. יחקרו ב"ד אם לא חופשה לא יחייבוהו מיתה כאשת איש.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
בקורת תהיה, similar to Leviticus 13,36 לא יבקר הכהן, “the priest need not examine it.” In our verse the word there means “an indemnity,” (compensatory penalty payable,). according to Dugash) According to Menachem, the word refers to a legal examination to determine exactly what happened and to assess the guilt. If she had not been released from servitude the court will not condemn her as a wife who committed adultery.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:23:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:23:1)

וערלתם - לשון סתימה ואטימה והרחקה. ערלה אזנם. ערל לב. שתה גם אתה והערל.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
וערלתם, you will treat it as totally out of bounds, keeping your distance from it. The word occurs in a similar sense both in Jeremiah 6,10 ערלה אזנם, referring to the people’s ears, and in Ezekiel 44,9 ערל לב, describing the heart as totally unapproachable. We also find it in a similar sense in Chabakuk 2,16 שתה גם אתה והערל, where it also denotes someone utterly disgraced.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:24:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:24:1)

קודש הלולים - קדש כמעשר שני לאוכלו בירושלים ולהלל לבורא, שכן מצינו במעשר שני שיאכלוהו: במקום אשר יבחר למען תלמד ליראה את ה' אלהיך כל הימים.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
קדש הלולים. Possessing a degree of sanctity similar to that of the second tithe which may only be consumed in Jerusalem. The objective of the legislation is to praise the Creator thanks to whose generosity the farmer enjoys the abundance of these fruit of the soil tilled by him. We are to learn to revere G’d by means of such commandments (Deut. 14,23).


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:25:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:25:1)

להוסיף לכם תבואתו - לכך תזכו אם תעשו כאשר צויתי.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
להוסיף לכם תבואתו, this is what you will merit if you do what I have commanded you.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:26:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:26:1)

לא תאכלו על הדם - לפי פשוטו: דבר הלמד מענינו.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תאכלו על הדם, according to the plain meaning of the text this is something we can derive by merely reading the context in which it has been written, i.e. while the blood of the slaughtered animal has not yet been removed.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:26:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:26:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:26:2)

לא תנחשו ולא תעוננו - אף זה יעשו כחקות הגוים שאוכלים על קבר ההרוג לשם מכשפות שלא ינקום, או מכשפות אחר כעין שאנו אומרים במסמר מן הצלוב. ורבותינו דרשוהו בכמה ענינים במסכת סנהדרין.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
לא תנחשו ולא תעוננו, unless warned against these practices the Jews would also engage in such practices as eating on the grave of the slain for the sake of protecting themselves against the vengeance by the spirit of the murdered person (particularly murdered witches). The Talmud Sanhedrin 63 lists a number of possible scenarios described by our verse.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:29:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:29:1)

להזנותה - זנות של פנויה להיות כקדשה.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
להזנותה, to make her into a harlot. The Torah speaks of an unmarried promiscuous woman [minor who is under her father’s legal control. Ed.]


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:35:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:35:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:35:1)

במדה - במדת קרקע.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
במדה, measures of length used to measure fields.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:35:2
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:35:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:35:2)

ובמשורה - מדת הלח, כמו שאמרו: ומים במשורה תשתה.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
משורה, a measure used to measure liquids. Our sages use this expression when speaking of measures of water in Avot 6,4.


###### Rashbam on Leviticus 19:36:1
[Rashbam on Leviticus 19:36:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashbam%20on%20Leviticus/r/19:36:1)

יהין - מדת הלח.

**Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash:**
הין, another measure used for measuring liquids.