## Rashi on Amos Chapter 1

###### Rashi on Amos 1:1:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:1:1)

**אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בַנּוֹקְדִים.** תַּרְגּוּם יוֹנָתָן: דַּהֲוָה מָרֵי גִיתִין, כְּמוֹ "וּמֵישַׁע מֶלֶךְ מוֹאָב הָיָה נֹקֵד" (מלכים ב ג:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who was among the herdsmen** Heb. בַנֹּקְדִים. *Jonathan* renders: who was an owner of livestock. Cf. (II Kings 3:4) “Now Mesha the king of Moab was an owner of livestock (נֹקֵד).”


###### Rashi on Amos 1:1:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:1:2)

**שְׁנָתַיִם לִפְנֵי הָרַעַשׁ.** שְׁנָתַיִם קוֹדֶם שֶׁנִּתְנַגַּע עֻזִּיָּה יוֹם שֶׁנִּתְנַבֵּא יְשַׁעְיָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיָּנֻעוּ אַמּוֹת הַסִּפִּים" (ישעיהו ו:ד), וְאוֹמֵר "כַּאֲשֶׁר נַסְתֶּם מִפְּנֵי הָרַעַשׁ וְגוֹ'" (זכריה יד:ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**two years before the earthquake**—Two years before Uzziah was plagued, the day Isaiah prophesied, as it is stated: (Isaiah 6: 4) “And the doorposts quaked,” and it is stated: (Zechariah 14:5) “As you fled before the earthquake.”


###### Rashi on Amos 1:2:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:2:1)

**מִצִּיּוֹן יִשְׁאָג.** מִבֵּית קָדְשֵׁי הַקֳּדָשִׁים הַדִּבּוּר יוֹצֵא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall roar from Zion**—From the Holy of Holies the speech emanates.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:2:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:2:2)

**וְאָבְלוּ נְאוֹת הָרוֹעִים.** וְיִצְדוֹן מְדוֹרֵי מַלְכַיָּא וְיֶחֱרוֹב תַּקִּיף כַּרְכֵיהוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the dwellings of the shepherds shall be cut off**—*Jonathan* renders: And the dwellings of the kings shall become desolate, and the strength of their walled cities shall be destroyed.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:3:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:3:1)

**עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה פִשְׁעֵי וְגוֹ'.** דִּכְתִיב "הֶן כָּל אֵלֶּה יִפְעַל אֵל פַּעֲמַיִם שָׁלֹשׁ עִם גָּבֶר" (איוב לג:כט), וְאִם יוֹתֵר יוֹתֵר, וְכָאן כָּךְ הוּא: כְּבָר נָהַגְתִּי עִמָּהֶם כְּמִדּוֹתַי לְוַתֵּר לָהֶם עַל ג' פְּעָמִים, וְאִם יֵשׁ יוֹתֵר כָּל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁיֵּשׁ בִּכְלַל הַמְרֻבֶּה הַמּוּעָט:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For three transgressions of etc.**—As it is stated (Job 33:29) “Lo, all these things does God work, twice, yea, thrice, with a man.” But He does not forgive more (according to Shem Ephraim). And here, it is as follows: I have already behaved toward them according to My standard, to forgive them for three transgressions, and if there are more, surely the smaller number is included in the larger amount.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:3:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:3:2)

**וְעַל אַרְבָּעָה לֹא אֲשִׁיבֶנּוּ.** עַל פֶּשַׁע רְבִיעִי אֵין עָלַי עוֹד לַהֲשִׁיבוֹ רֵיקָם מִלְּהָשִׁיב לוֹ גְּמוּל, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ פְּשָׁעִים הַרְבֵּה, עַתָּה אֶת זֶה אֶפְקֹד עֲלֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר דָּשׁוּ יוֹשְׁבֵי גִלְעָד הַסְּמוּכִין לָהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**yea for four I will not return them**—For the fourth transgression, I need no longer return him empty- handed from taking his recompense from Me, and surely since there are many transgressions in their hands; now I will visit upon them the retribution for threshing the inhabitants of Gilead, their neighbors.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:3:3
[Rashi on Amos 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:3:3)

**בַּחֲרֻצוֹת הַבַּרְזֶל.** תַּרְגּוּם יוֹנָתָן: בְּמוֹרִיגָא דְפַרְזְלָא, וְהוּא כְּעֵין שׁוֹפִינָ"א שֶׁקּוֹרִין לִימָ"א, שֶׁעָשׂוּי חֲרוּצִים חֲרוּצִים וְרוֹדִים בָּהֶם בְּנֵי אָדָם בְּיִסּוּרִים, וּבָהֶם מְחַתְּכִין אֶת קַשֵּׁי הַתְּבוּאָה לַעֲשׂוֹתָן תֶּבֶן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**with sledges of iron**—*Jonathan* renders: *morigin* of iron. Now that is a sort of file called ‘lime,’ which is made with numerous grooves, and with which they chastise people with tortures, and with them they cut the stubble of the grain to make straw.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:4:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:4:1)

**חֲזָאֵל.** וּבֶן הֲדַד מַלְכֵי אֲרָם וְרֹאשׁ אֲרָם דַּמֶּשֶׂק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Hazael etc. Ben Hadad**—The kings of Aram, and the head of Aram is Damascus.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:5:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:5:1)

**בִּקְעַת אָוֶן.** מָקוֹם הוּא בַּאֲרָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**from Bik’ath-Aven**—That is a place in Aram.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:5:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:5:2)

**וְתוֹמֵךְ שֵׁבֶט.** וְעָבִיד שֻׁלְטָן, כְּמוֹ "לֹא יָסוּר שֵׁבֶט" (בראשית מט:י), עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהַמּוֹשֵׁל רוֹדֶה אֶת הָעָם בְּמַקְלוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and one who holds the scepter**—[*Jonathan* renders:] and one who exercises sovereignty. Cf. (Gen. 49:10) “The scepter shall not turn away from Judah,” since the ruler castigates the people with sticks.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:5:3
[Rashi on Amos 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:5:3)

**מִבֵּית עֵדֶן.** מָקוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**from Beth-Eden**—A place name.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:5:4
[Rashi on Amos 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:5:4)

**קִירָה.** מָקוֹם, וְשָׁם הִגְלָם סַנְחֵרִיב בִּימֵי אָחָז, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיַּעַל דַּמֶּשֶׂק וַיִּתְפְּשֶׂהָ וַיַּגְלֶה אֶת אֲרָם קִירָה" (מלכים ב טז:ט). כָּל הַפּוּרְעָנוּת שֶׁנִּתְנַבְּאוּ נְבִיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לָבֹא חֶרֶב עַל הָעַכּוּ"ם, נְבִיאִים שֶׁהָיוּ קוֹדֶם סַנְחֵרִיב כְּגוֹן יְשַׁעְיָה וְעָמוֹס נִבְּאוּ עַל חֶרֶב סַנְחֵרִיב, וְיִרְמְיָה וִיחֶזְקֵאל נִבְּאוּ עַל חֶרֶב נְבוּכַדְנֶאצַּר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to Kir**—A place name, where Sennacherib exiled them during the time of Ahaz, as it is stated: “And he went up to Damascus and seized it, and exiled Aram to Kir.” [see II Kings 16:9, where the wording differs.] All the retribution that the prophets of Israel prophesied concerning the nations - the prophets who preceded Sennacherib, e.g. Isaiah and Amos, prophesied concerning the sword of Sennacherib, and Jeremiah and Ezekiel prophesied concerning the sword of Nebuchadnezzar.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:6:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:6:1)

**עַזָּה.** מִפְּלִשְׁתִּים הָיְתָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Gaza**—That was a city of the Philistines.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:6:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:6:2)

**גָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה.** גָּלוּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁתְּהֵא הַגָּלוּת שְׁלֵמָה שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּלֵט אִישׁ, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִים עַל הַדְּרָכִים וְתוֹפְשִׂין הַנִּמְלָטִים וּמַסְגִּירִין אוֹתָם, וְכֵן עָשׂוּ אַנְשֵׁי צוֹר, וְכֵן לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת בְּחוּרְבַּן בַּיִת שֵׁנִי כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפוֹרָשׁ בְּאַגָּדַת הַאֲזִינוּ: עַזָּה מִן הַדָּרוֹם, צוֹר מִן הַצָּפוֹן, דַּמֶּשֶׂק מִן הַמִּזְרָח, עֲרָבִיִּים מִן הַמַּעֲרָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מַשָּׂא בַּעֲרָב בַּיַּעַר בַּעֲרָב תָּלִינוּ" (ישעיהו כא:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a whole captivity**—I.e, the captivity of Israel, that the captivity be complete, that no one should escape, for they would stand on the roads and seize those fleeing and deliver them. And so did the people of Tyre, and so to the four sides during the destruction of the Second Temple, as is delineated in the Aggadah of Ha’azinu (*Sifre* 322), Gaza from the south, Tyre from the north, Damascus from the east, the Arabs from the west, as it is stated: (Isaiah 21: 13) “The harsh prophecy concerning Arabia: In the forest in Arabia did you lodge, on the roads of your cousins.”


###### Rashi on Amos 1:8:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:8:1)

**אַשְׁדּוֹד.** אַשְׁקְלוֹן עֶקְרוֹן סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים הֵם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Ashdod... Ashkelon... Ekron**—They were the lords of the Philistines.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:8:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:8:2)

**וַהֲשִׁיבוֹתִי יָדִי.** אַכֶּה וְאֶשְׁנֶה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I will return My hand**—I will smite them repeatedly.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:9:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:9:1)

**וְלֹא זָכְרוּ בְּרִית אַחִים.** אֲשֶׁר הָיָה בֵּין חִירָם וּבֵין שְׁלֹמֹה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיִּכְרְתוּ בְרִית שְׁנֵיהֶם" (מלכים א ה:כו), וְהָיוּ קוֹרִין זֶה לָזֶה אָחִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "מָה הֶעָרִים אֲשֶׁר נָתַתָּה לִי אָחִי" (מלכים א ט:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and did not remember the brotherly covenant**—which existed between Hiram and Solomon, as it is said: (I Kings 5:26) “And they both made a league together.” And they called each other brothers, as it is said: (ibid. 9:13) “And he said: ‘What are these cities that you have given me, my brother?’”


###### Rashi on Amos 1:11:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:11:1)

**עַל רָדְפוֹ בַחֶרֶב אָחִיו.** שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "פֶּן בַּחֶרֶב אֵצֵא לִקְרָאתֶךָ" (במדבר כ:יח), וְגַם עוֹדֶנּוּ טוֹרֵף אַפּוֹ וְשׁוֹמֵר עֶבְרָתוֹ וְלֹא חָזַר בּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for pursuing their brother with a sword**—As it is said: (Num. 20:18) “Lest I go forth against you with the sword.” And he still clings to his anger, keeps his wrath, and has not retracted it.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:11:2
[Rashi on Amos 1:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:11:2)

**וַיִּטְרֹף לָעַד אַפּוֹ.** הֶחֱזִיק בָּהּ וְלֹא הִנִּיחָהּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and grasped forever their anger**—He clung to it and did not let it go.


###### Rashi on Amos 1:12:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:12:1)

**אַרְמְנוֹת בָּצְרָה.** בֵּין מוֹאָב וּבֵין אֱדוֹם הִיא, וּמֵאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב, וְנִמְשְׁכָה אַחַר אֱדוֹם, וְהִיא הֶעֱמִידָה לוֹ מֶלֶךְ בְּמוֹת מֶלֶךְ הָרִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "יוֹבָב בֶּן זֶרַח מִבָּצְרָה" (בראשית לו:לג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the palaces of Bozrah**—It is between Moab and Edom, and it belonged to the land of Moab, but it was attracted to Edom. And it set up a king for them when the first king died, and it is said: (Gen. 36: 33) “Jobab the son of Zerah from Bozrah.” [from *Gen. Rabbah 83:3]*


###### Rashi on Amos 1:13:1
[Rashi on Amos 1:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Amos/r/1:13:1)

**בִּקְעָם הָרוֹת הַגִּלְעָד.** הִשְׁחִיתוּ אוֹתָהּ וְגַם הָרוֹתֵיהֶם בִּקְּעוּ שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׁאֵר יוֹרֵשׁ שֶׁיְּעַרְעֵר עַל הַנַּחֲלָה, וְכֵן אוֹמֵר "לִבְנֵי עַמּוֹן כֹּה אָמַר ה' הֲבָנִים אֵין לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אִם יוֹרֵשׁ אֵין לוֹ מַדּוּעַ יָרַשׁ מַלְכָּם" (ירמיהו מט:א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they ripped up the pregnant woman of Gilead**—They destroyed it and also ripped up their pregnant women so that no heir would remain who would contest the inheritance. And so does Scripture state: (Jer. 49:1) “Concerning the children of Ammon. So said the Lord: Has Israel no sons? Has he no heir? Why has Malcam taken possession of Gad?”