## Rashi on Daniel Chapter 1

###### Rashi on Daniel 1:1:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:1:1)

**בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ לְמַלְכוּת יְהוֹיָקִים.** וְכִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר כֵּן? וַהֲלֹא הוּא מָלַךְ בִּשְׁנַת אַרְבַּע לִיהוֹיָקִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו כה:א) ״בַּשָּׁנָה הָרְבִעִית לִיהוֹיָקִים בֶּן יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ מֶלֶךְ יְהוּדָה הִיא הַשָּׁנָה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה לִנְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר״. וּמַה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר **בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ**? **בִּשְׁנַת שָׁלוֹשׁ** לְמִרְדּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב כד:א) ״וַיְהִי לוֹ יְהוֹיָקִים עֶבֶד שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וַיָּשָׁב וַיִּמְרֹד בּוֹ״. שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וּבִשְׁנַת שָׁלֹשׁ עָלָה עָלָיו. וְהִיא שְׁנַת שְׁמוֹנֶה לִנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר, דְּאָמַר מַר: שָׁנָה רִאשׁוֹנָה כָּבַשׁ נִינְוֵה, שְׁנִיָּה עָלָה וְכָבַשׁ יְהוֹיָקִים, וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים עֲבָדוֹ וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים מָרַד בּוֹ, וְהִיא הָיְתָה שְׁנַת אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה לְמַלְכוּת יְהוֹיָקִים: חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים קֹדֶם שֶׁכְּבָשׁוֹ וְשָׁלֹשׁ שֶׁעֲבָדוֹ וְשָׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁמָּרַד בּוֹ, וְאָז מֵת יְהוֹיָקִים תַּחַת יָדוֹ וְהִמְלִיךְ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר תַּחְתָּיו יְהוֹיָכִין בְּנוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim** Now is it possible to say so? Did he [Nebuchadnezzar] not reign in the fourth year of Jehoiakim, as is stated (Jer. 25:1) “in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah that is the first year of Nebuchadnezzar?” So what is the meaning of “In the third year?” In the third year of his rebellion, as is stated (II Kings 24:1): “and Jehoiakim was his vassal for three years; then he turned and rebelled against him”; and in the third year, he overcame him, and that was the eighth year of Nebuchadnezzar, for the master said (Seder Olam ch. 24): In his first year he conquered Nineveh, and in his second year he advanced and vanquished Jehoiakim, who served him for three years and rebelled against him for three years. That was the eleventh year of the reign of Jehoiakim: five years before he vanquished him, three years that he served him, and three years that he rebelled against him. And then Jehoiakim died under his hand, and in his stead, Nebuchadnezzar enthroned Jehoiachin, his son.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:2:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:2:1)

**וּמִקְצָת כְּלֵי בֵית הָאֱלֹהִים.** לָקַח וּמִקְצָתָם נִשְׁאֲרוּ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו כז:יט): ״כֹּה אָמַר ה׳ צְבָאוֹת אֶל הָעַמּוּדִים וְעַל הַיָּם וְעַל הַמְּכֹנוֹת וְעַל יֶתֶר הַכֵּלִים הַנּוֹתָרִים בָּעִיר הַזֹּאת״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and some of the vessels of the House of God** he took, and some of them remained, as is stated (in Jeremiah 27:19): “so has the Lord of Hosts said concerning the pillars, concerning the sea, concerning the bases, and concerning the rest of the vessels, which Nebuchadnezzar did not take into exile (sic).”


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:2:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:2:2)

**וַיְבִיאֵם אֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָר בֵּית אֱלֹהָיו.** לְקַלֵּס לַעֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁלּוֹ הֵבִיא שָׁם אֶת הַשִּׁבְיָה כֻּלָּהּ, אַף אֶת הָאֲנָשִׁים, **וְאֶת הַכֵּלִים הֵבִיא** אַחַר כָּךְ בֵּית הָאוֹצָר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and he brought them to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god** to praise his idols; he brought the entire captivity there, even the people, and the vessels he brought afterwards to the treasury.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:3:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:3:1)

**הַפַּרְתְּמִים.** דּוּכָסִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the nobles** Heb. הַפַּרְתְּמִים, dukes.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:4:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:4:1)

**וַאֲשֶׁר כֹּחַ בָּהֶם.** פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה שֶׁיִּהְיוּ אוֹנְסִין עַצְמָן מִן הַשְּׂחוֹק וּמִן הַשִּׂיחָה וּמִן הַשֵּׁנָה מִפְּנֵי אֵימַת מַלְכוּת וְשֶׁמַּעֲמִידִים עַצְמָן כְּשֶׁנִּצְרָכִים לִנְקָבֵיהֶם (סנהדרין צג:):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and who have strength** Our Sages explained (Sanh. 93b) that they should restrain themselves from laughing, speaking and sleeping, out of fear of the throne, and resist the urge when they feel the need to relieve themselves.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:4:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:4:2)

**וּלְלַמְּדָם סֵפֶר.** מוּסָב עַל **אֲשֶׁר כֹּחַ בָּהֶם**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and to teach them the script** This refers back to “who have strength.”


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:5:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:5:1)

**וַיְמַן.** לְשׁוֹן הַזְמָנָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**allotted** Heb. וַיְמַן, an expression of preparation.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:5:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:5:2)

**מִפַּת בַּג.** הוּא שֵׁם מַאֲכַל הַמֶּלֶךְ בִּלְשׁוֹן כַּשְׂדִּים. וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִים **פַּת בַּג** לֶחֶם, וְאֵין נִרְאֶה כֵּן, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּתִיב ״וַיְהִי הַמֶּלְצַר נֹשֵׂא אֶת פַּת בָּגָם וְנֹתֵן לָהֶם זֵרְעוֹנִים״ (דניאל א:טז), וְאֵין זֵרְעוֹנִים חֲלִיפֵי לֶחֶם אֶלָּא חֲלִיפֵי תַבְשִׁיל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**of... food** Heb. מִפַּת־בַּג. That is the name of the king’s fare in the language of the Chaldeans. Some interpret פַּת־בַּג, [as] bread, but it does not appear correct, for it is written (below verse 16): “The steward would take away פַּת־בָּגָם... and give them pulse.” Now pulse is not a substitute for bread, but a substitute for cooked food.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:7:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:7:1)

**בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר.** עַל שֵׁם עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים שֶׁל בָּבֶל שֶׁקְּרוּיָה בֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״דִּי שְׁמֵהּ בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר כְּשׁוּם אֱלָהִי״ (דניאל ד:ה). בֵּלְטְשַׁאצַּר שֵׁם לְשׁוֹן חָכְמָה בִּלְשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Belteshazzar** He named him after the god of Babylon, which was called Bel, as it is said (4: 5): “whose name is Belteshazzar, like the name of my god.” Teshazzar is the Aramaic expression denoting wisdom.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:8:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:8:1)

**יִתְגָּאַל.** לְשׁוֹן לִכְלוּךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**not to be defiled** Heb. לֹא יָתְגָּאַל, an expression of sullying.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:9:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:9:1)

**שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים.** שֶׁהָיָה שַׂר עַל מְשָׁרְתֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the chief officer** who was the chief over the king’s servants.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:10:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:10:1)

**אֲשֶׁר מָנָה.** אֲשֶׁר הִזְמִין וְסִפֵּק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who allotted** who prepared and provided.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:10:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:10:2)

**כְּגִילְכֶם.** דּוּגְמַתְכֶם, וּלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה הוּא: בֶּן גִּילוֹ (סנהדרין לז:):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like you** כְּגִילְכֶם, of your likeness. It is the language of the Mishnah; one of his likeness.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:10:3
[Rashi on Daniel 1:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:10:3)

**וְחִיַּבְתֶּם אֶת רֹאשִׁי לַמֶּלֶךְ.** תִּגְרְמוּ לִי לְהִתְחַיֵּב לְהַתִּיז רֹאשִׁי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and you will forfeit my head to the king** You shall bring about that I will be condemned to be beheaded.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:11:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:11:1)

**הַמֶּלְצַר.** הַסּוֹדֵר אֶת הַמָּנוֹת וְאֶת הַקְּעָרוֹת שֶׁקּוֹרִין מאישטרי״ב אל״ה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the steward** Heb. הַמֶּלְצַר, the one who arranges the portions and the plates, called maestre sala, seneschal, steward.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:12:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:12:1)

**נֵס.** לְשׁוֹן נִסָּיוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**test** Heb. נַס an expression of (נִסָיוֹן) testing.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:12:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:12:2)

**מִן הַזֵּרֹעִים.** מִין קִטְנִיּוֹת, תַּחַת פַּת בַּג (לעיל ח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**some pulse** a type of beans instead of the food.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:13:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:13:1)

**וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּרְאֶה.** לְפִי מַה שֶּׁתִּרְאֶה עֲשֵׂה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and as you will see** According to what you see, do.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:16:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:16:1)

**נוֹשֵׂא אֶת פַּת בָּגָם.** נוֹטְלוֹ לְעַצְמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**carry away their food** He would take it for himself.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:18:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:18:1)

**אֲשֶׁר אָמַר הַמֶּלֶךְ לַהֲבִיאָם.** שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ לְפָנָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**that the king ordered to bring them** that they come before him.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:20:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:20:1)

**הַחַרְטֻמִּים.** אֵלּוּ שֶׁשּׁוֹאֲלִים בְּטִימֵי מֵתִים, בְּעַצְמוֹת מֵתִים, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר: שְׁחִיק עַצְמוֹת, שְׁחִיק טַמְיָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the necromancers** These are the ones who inquire of טִימֵי מֵתִים, the bones of the dead, as you say, “May his bones be crushed,” שְּׁחִיק טַמַיָא.


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:20:2
[Rashi on Daniel 1:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:20:2)

**הָאַשָּׁפִים.** אֵלּוּ שֶׁדּוֹחֲקִים בַּמַּזָּל, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּתַנְחוּמָא (תנחומא מקץ ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the astrologers** These are the ones who “press” the constellation. So it is explained in Tanhuma (Miketz 2, Buber, Miketz 4).


###### Rashi on Daniel 1:21:1
[Rashi on Daniel 1:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/1:21:1)

**וַיְהִי דָנִיֵּאל.** בִּגְדֻלָּה בְּבָבֶל **עַד שְׁנַת אַחַת לְכוֹרֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ**. לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר הֲתָךְ זֶה דָנִיֵּאל (מגילה טו.), וְלָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ הֲתָךְ שֶׁחֲתָכוּהוּ מִגְּדֻלָּתוֹ, צְרִיכִין אָנוּ לוֹמַר שֶׁזֶּהוּ כּוֹרֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ. וּלְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר שֶׁכָּל דִּבְרֵי מַלְכוּת נֶחְתָּכִין עַל פִּיו, נֹאמַר כּוֹרֶשׁ זֶה הוּא דָּרְיָוֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי אַחַר אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ, וּבִימֵי דָּרְיָוֶשׁ הַמָּדִי שֶׁהִשְׁלִיכוּ לְגוֹב אֲרָיוֹת לֹא יָרַד מִגְּדֻלָּתוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דניאל ו:כט) ״וְדָנִיֵּאל דְּנָה הַצְלַח בְּמַלְכוּת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ וּבְמַלְכוּת כּוֹרֶשׁ פַּרְסָאָה״, לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁבִּימֵי כּוֹרֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן הָיָה בִּגְדֻלָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And Daniel was there** in greatness in Babylon until the first year of King Cyrus. According to the one who says that Hathach (Esther; 4:5, 6, 9, 10) is Daniel; and why was he called Hathach? Because he was cut off (חֲתָכוּהוּ) from his greatness; [according to his explanation] we must say that this is Cyrus I, who preceded Ahasuerus. But according to the one who says that all royal affairs were decided (נֶחְתָּכִים) by his orders, we must say that this Cyrus was Darius II, [who came] after Ahasuerus, and in the days of Darius the Mede, when they cast [Daniel] into the lions’ den, he was not demoted from his greatness, as it is said (6:29): “And this Daniel prospered during the reign of Darius and during the reign of Cyrus the Persian.” We learn that during the days of Cyrus I he was [still] in his greatness.