## Rashi on Daniel Chapter 10

###### Rashi on Daniel 10:1:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:1:1)

**וְצָבָא גָדוֹל.** וּלִזְמַן אָרוֹךְ יָבֹא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and for a long time** and it will come in a long time.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:1:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:1:2)

**וּבִין אֶת הַדָּבָר.** וּלְהָבִין אֶת הַדָּבָר נִגְלָה לִי אֶת הֶחָזוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and he understood the word** and to understand the word, the vision was revealed to me.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:1:3
[Rashi on Daniel 10:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:1:3)

**וּבִינָה לוֹ בַּמַּרְאֶה.** וּלְהָבִינָהּ לוֹ בַּמַּרְאֶה. וְאֵין הַתֵּיבָה הַזֹּאת שֵׁם דָּבָר כְּמוֹ ״אִם יָדַעְתָּ בִינָה״ (אִיּוֹב לח:ד), אֶלָּא ה״א יְתֵרָה, וְהוּא כְּמוֹ ״בִּינָה הֲגִיגִי״ (תְּהִלִּים ה:ב), לְפִיכָךְ הַטַּעַם לְמַעְלָה בַּבֵּי״ת, וּפֵירוּשָׁהּ כְּמוֹ הָבֵן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and he understood it in the vision** Heb. וּבִינָה and to make him understand it in the vision. Now this word is not a noun, like (Job. 38:4): “if you know understanding (בִּינָה) Instead, the “hey” is superfluous, and it is like (Ps 5:2) “understand (בִּינָה) my thoughts” Therefore, the accent is above on the “beth,” and its meaning is like הָבֵן, understand.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:2:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:2:1)

**הָיִיתִי מִתְאַבֵּל.** כְּשֶׁרָאָה שֶׁבִּטֵּל כּוֹרֶשׁ מְלֶאכֶת הַבַּיִת שֶׁצִּוָּה לְהַתְחִיל וְחָזַר בּוֹ עַל פִּי כְּתַב צָרֵי יְהוּדָה וּבִנְיָמִין רְחוּם בְּעֵל טְעֵם וְשִׁמְשַׁי סָפְרָא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב בְּסֵפֶר עֶזְרָא (עזרא ד:ח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**had been mourning** when he saw that Cyrus had curtailed the construction of the Temple, for he had ordered to commence it, and he reneged because of the missive of the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin: Rehum the adviser and Shimshai the scribe, as is written in the Book of Ezra (4:5).


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:2:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:2:2)

**שְׁלֹשָׁה שָׁבֻעִים יָמִים.** עֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה הֵם, שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה מִשְּׁנָה אַחַת לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הַמָּדִי אֲשֶׁר שָׂם אֶל לִבּוֹ לַחְשֹׁב שִׁבְעִים שְׁנֵי הַגּוֹלָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב, עַד שְׁנַת שְׁתַּיִם לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הַפַּרְסִי (עזרא ד:כד) בֶּן אֶסְתֵּר שֶׁבָּנָה הַבַּיִת. וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים הַיְתֵרִים לֹא יָדַעְתִּי אִם לִפְנֵיהֶם הִתְחִיל לְהִתְעַנּוֹת, אוֹ מֶשֶׁךְ קַבָּלַת נֶדֶר תַּעֲנִיּוֹתָיו שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים לְאַחַר הַבִּנְיָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**three weeks of days** twenty-one years. They are eighteen years from the one year of Darius the Mede, when he [Daniel] put to his heart to calculate the seventy years of the exile, as it is written: until the second year of Darius the Persian, the son of Esther, who built the Temple. As for the three extra years, I do not know whether he started to fast before them or whether the duration of the acceptance of the vow of his fasts terminated three years after the building.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:3:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:3:1)

**לֶחֶם חֲמֻדוֹת.** פַּת נְקִיָּה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁתִּרְגֵּם אוּנְקְלוֹס אֶת ״בִּגְדֵי עֵשָׂו הַחֲמֻדוֹת״ (בראשית כז:טו): ״דַּכְיָתָא״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**white bread** Heb. לֶחֶם חֲמֻדֹת, white (lit. clean) bread, as Onkelos rendered (Gen. 27:15): “Esau’s clean clothes (הַחֲמֻדֹת),” דַּכְיָתָא, clean.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:5:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:5:1)

**לְבוּשׁ בַּדִּים.** בֶּגֶד בּוּץ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**clad in linen** a linen garment.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:5:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:5:2)

**בְּכֶתֶם אוּפָז.** בַּחֲגוֹרָה שֶׁל קְבוּצַת מַרְגָּלִיּוֹת. כָּל כֶּתֶם לְשׁוֹן קְבוּצַת זָהָב וְאֶבֶן יְקָרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**with a girdle of gold studded with jewels** Heb. בְּכֶתֶם אוּפָז, with a girdle of a cluster of pearls. Every [instance of] כֶּתֶם is an expression of a cluster of gold and precious stones.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:6:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:6:1)

**וּגְוִיָּתוֹ כְתַרְשִׁישׁ.** פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה בִּשְׁחִיטַת חֻלִּין (צא.): גּוּפוֹ גָּדוֹל שְׁנֵי אֲלָפִים פַּרְסָה כְּמִדַּת יָם שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ תַרְשִׁישׁ וְהוּא יָמָּהּ שֶׁל אַפְרִיקָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And his body was like tarshish** Our Sages of blessed memory explained in Tractate Hullin (9lb): “His body was two thousand parasangs large, like the measurement of the sea named Tarshish, and that is the sea of Africa (the Mediterranean).”


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:6:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:6:2)

**קָלָל.** צָרוּף וּמְזֻקָּק וּמַצְהִיב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**brandished** Heb. קָלָל, smelted, refined, and shiny.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:6:3
[Rashi on Daniel 10:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:6:3)

**כְּקוֹל הָמוֹן.** כְּקוֹל קְבוּצַת הָמוֹן רַב, שֶׁקּוֹלָם נִשְׁמָע לְמֵרָחוֹק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the voice of a multitude** like the voice of a gathering of a large multitude, whose voice is heard from afar.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:7:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:7:1)

**וְהָאֲנָשִׁים אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ עִמִּי.** אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה הֵם חַגַּי זְכַרְיָה וּמַלְאָכִי (מגילה ג.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but the men who were with me** Our Sages of blessed memory said that they were Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:7:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:7:2)

**אֲבָל חֲרָדָה גְדוֹלָה נָפְלָה עֲלֵיהֶם.** אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ברכות ו.): אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָדָם אֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא נִבְעָת מִמֶּנּוּ, מַזָּלוֹ שֶׁבָּרָקִיעַ רוֹאֵהוּ, וּלְכָךְ נִבְעָת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but a great quaking fell upon them** Our Sages of blessed memory said that although a person does not see something of which he is terrified, his guardian angel, who is in heaven, does see it; therefore, he becomes terrified.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:8:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:8:1)

**נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי לְמַשְׁחִית.** לְהַשְׁחָתָה, וְדֶרֶךְ הַמִּקְרָאוֹת לְדַבֵּר כֵּן, כְּמוֹ (ירמיה ה:ח) ״סוּסִים מְזֻיָּנִים מַשְׁכִּים הָיוּ״, (מַשְׁכִּים) בְּהַשְׁכָּמַת הַבֹּקֶר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**was turned in me into corruption** Heb. לְמַשְׁחִית, lit. to a destroyer. To corruption, and it is customary for Biblical verses to speak in this manner, like (Jer. 5:8): “They were like armed stallions early in the morning.” מַשְׁכִּים is the equivalent of בְּהַשְׁכָּמַת הַבּקֶר, in the early morning.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:8:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:8:2)

**וְלֹא עָצַרְתִּי כֹּחַ.** כְּלוֹמַר: לֹא כָּנַסְתִּי כָּל כֹּחִי (כִּי כֹּחִי) הָלַךְ מִקִּרְבִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I could not summon up strength** i.e., I did not gather. All my strength left my innards.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:9:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:9:1)

**נִרְדָּם.** מֵרוֹב פַּחַד:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I fell into a sound sleep** out of great fright.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:10:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:10:1)

**וַתְּנִיעֵנִי.** כְּאָדָם הַמֵּנִיעַ אֶת הַיָּשֵׁן לַהֲקִיצוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and moved me** as one who moves a sleeping person to awaken him.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:11:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:11:1)

**אִישׁ חֲמֻדוֹת.** אִישׁ טָהוֹר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**man of desirable qualities** אִישׁ חֲמֻדוֹת, pure man.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:11:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:11:2)

**עַל עָמְדֶךָ.** עַל מַעֲמַד רַגְלֶיךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**upright** Heb. עַל עָמְדֶךָ, on the stand of your feet.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:11:3
[Rashi on Daniel 10:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:11:3)

**שָׁלַחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ.** נִשְׁתַּלַּחְתִּי אֵלֶיךָ מֵאֵת הַמָּקוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I have been sent to you** I have been sent to you from the Omnipresent.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:11:4
[Rashi on Daniel 10:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:11:4)

**מַרְעִיד.** מַרְתִּית׃

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**quaking** [as translated,] quaking.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:12:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:12:1)

**וַאֲנִי בָאתִי בִּדְבָרֶיךָ.** בָּאתִי בִּשְׁלִיחוּת זוֹ בִּשְׁבִיל דְּבָרֶיךָ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת יוֹמָא: וַאֲנִי בָאתִי לְתוֹךְ הַפַּרְגּוֹד עַל יָדְךָ, שֶׁהָיִיתִי מְגֹרָשׁ מִתּוֹכוֹ (יומא עז.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I have come because of your words** I have come on this mission because of your words. Our Rabbis, however, explained in Tractate Yoma (77a): “and I came within the curtain because of you, for I was banned from its midst.”


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:13:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:13:1)

**עוֹמֵד לְנֶגְדִּי.** נִלְחָם עִמָּדִי בָּרָקִיעַ, כְּשֶׁשּׁוֹאֵל אֹרֶךְ מְלוּכָה לְפָרַס לְשַׁעְבֵּד אֶתְכֶם. הֲרֵי עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם יוֹם שֶׁהוּא **עוֹמֵד לְנֶגְדִּי**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**has been standing against me** to battle with me in heaven by requesting an extension for the kingdom for Persia to enable them to subjugate you (Israel). Behold twenty-one days that he has been standing against me.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:13:2
[Rashi on Daniel 10:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:13:2)

**הַשָּׂרִים הָרִאשֹׁנִים.** כְּלוֹמַר: הַחֲשׁוּבִים, רִאשׁוֹנָה בַּנִּכְנָסִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the first princes** those counted first among those who enter.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:13:3
[Rashi on Daniel 10:13:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:13:3)

**וַאֲנִי נוֹתַרְתִּי שָׁם.** לְשַׁתֵּק אֶת שַׂר פָּרַס שֶׁבַּשָּׁמַיִם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I remained there** to silence the princes of Persia in heaven.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:14:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:14:1)

**כִּי עוֹד חָזוֹן.** לְהַגִּיד לְךָ מַה שֶּׁלֹּא הֻגַּד לְךָ, וְיָבֹא עוֹד **לַיָּמִים** הָרַבִּים הַנְּתוּנִים לַמּוֹעֵד:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for there is yet a vision** to tell you what has not yet been told, and it will come in many days at an appointed time.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:16:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:16:1)

**נֶהֶפְכוּ צִירַי עָלַי.** אֵלּוּ רָאשֵׁי עֲצָמוֹת כָּל אֵבֶר וְאֵבֶר הַתְּקוּעִים בְּחוֹרֵי מוֹשָׁבָם וְסוֹבֵב בְּתוֹכָם כְּדֶלֶת עַל צִירָהּ בְּחוֹר הַמִּפְתָּן. **צִירַי נֶהֶפְכוּ** לְהִשָּׁמֵט מִמְּקוֹמָם מֵרוֹב רֶתֶת וַחֲרָדָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**my joints turned upon me** Heb. צִירַי. These are the ends of the bones, all the limbs that are thrust into their sockets and turn within them like a door on its hinge in the socket of the threshold. My joints turned to become dislocated from their place out of much trembling and quaking.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:17:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:17:1)

**עֶבֶד אֲדֹנִי זֶה.** עַל עַצְמוֹ הוּא אוֹמֵר עֶבֶד וְעַל הַמַּלְאָךְ הוּא אוֹמֵר אֲדֹנִי, כְּלוֹמַר וְאֵיךְ יוּכַל עַבְדְּךָ זֶה לְדַבֵּר עִמָּךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**this servant of my lord** He refers to himself as a servant, and to the angel as “my lord,” i.e., to say, How will your servant be able to speak with you?


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:20:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:20:1)

**וְעַתָּה אָשׁוּב לְהִלָּחֵם עִם שַׂר פָּרָס.** וְיָדַעְתִּי כִּי אוּכַל, אַךְ כְּבֹא עֵת מַלְכוּת אַנְטִיוֹכוּס יָדַעְתִּי שֶׁאֲנִי אֵצֵא וְהוּא יִכָּנֵס, לְאַחַר שְׁלוֹשִׁים וְאַרְבַּע שָׁנָה לְבִנְיַן הַבַּיִת, וְשֶׁיַּעֲמֹד אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרוֹס מוּקְדָּן. כִּי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשֻׁעְבָּדִים לְמַלְכֵי פָרַס בְּאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים, עֲבוֹדָה נוֹחָה עָבְדוּ בָהֶם וְלֹא הִכְבִּידוּ עֲלֵיהֶם, כִּי נְתָנָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְרַחֲמִים לָהֶם, אֲבָל מַלְכוּת יָוָן הֵטִילוּ עֲלֵיהֶם עֹל קָשֶׁה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And now I shall return to battle with the prince of Persia** and I know that I will be victorious, but when the time of the kingdom of the heathens [Greece Malbim ed., Antiochus Vilna ed.] arrives, I know that I will leave, and he will enter after thirty-four years of the existence of the Temple. Alexander of Macedon will rise, for although Israel was subjugated by the kings of Persia in those days, they exacted a light tribute from them, and they did not burden them heavily because the Holy One, blessed be He, caused them to have mercy on them. But the kings of the heathens [Greece, Antiochus] laid a heavy yoke upon them.


###### Rashi on Daniel 10:21:1
[Rashi on Daniel 10:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Daniel/r/10:21:1)

**אֶת הָרָשׁוּם בִּכְתָב אֱמֶת.** שְׁטַר הַגְּזֵרָה וֶאֱמֶת הִיא. וְאֵין אֶחָד בְּכָל הַשָּׂרִים הָעֶלְיוֹנִים מִתְחַזֵּק לְעָזְרֵנִי עַל כָּל **אֵלֶּה כִּי אִם וְגוֹ׳**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**what is inscribed in a true script** the document of the decree is true, but not one of the heavenly princes is exerting himself to assist me with all these, except etc.