## Rashi on Ezekiel Chapter 1

###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:1:1)

**וַיְהִי בִּשְׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה.** סָתַם הַנָּבִיא דְּבָרָיו, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ שְׁמוֹ מִי הוּא, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ לְמִנְיַן מָה מָנָה. לְפִיכָךְ הִפְסִיקָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֶת דְּבָרָיו בִּשְׁנֵי מִקְרָאוֹת הַסְּמוּכִין לָזֶה, לְלַמֵּד מִי הוּא הַנָּבִיא וּלְלַמֵּד לְמִנְיַן מָה מָנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר **בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ הִיא הַשָּׁנָה הַחֲמִישִׁית וְגוֹ׳**. אֵין אֵלֶּה דִּבְרֵי הַנָּבִיא, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר אָמַר שֶׁ**בַּחֲמִשָּׁה לַחֹדֶשׁ** הָיָה עוֹמֵד. וְעוֹד, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּה אָמַר נְבוּאָתוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן עַצְמוֹ: **וַאֲנִי בְתוֹךְ הַגּוֹלָה וָאֶרְאֶה מַרְאוֹת אֱלֹהִים**, וְכֵן בַּסּוֹף: **וָאֵרֶא וְהִנֵּה רוּחַ סְעָרָה וְגוֹ׳**. וְאֵלּוּ שְׁנֵי מִקְרָאוֹת מַפְסִיקִין דְּבָרָיו, כְּאִלּוּ אַחֵר מְדַבֵּר עָלָיו: **הָיֹה הָיָה דְבַר ה׳ אֶל יְחֶזְקֵאל... וַתְּהִי עָלָיו שָׁם יַד ה׳**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year** The prophet presented his words obscurely and did not tell his name, who he was; nor did he explain from what date he was counting. Therefore, the holy spirit interrupted his words in the following two verses to teach [us] who the prophet was and to teach [us] from what date he was counting. As it is said: “On the fifth day of the month that is the fifth year, etc.” These are not the words of the prophet, for he already stated that he was standing on the fifth of the month, and furthermore, from the beginning he had stated his prophecy in the first person: “and I was in the midst of the exile”; “and I saw visions of God.” And so at the end: “And I saw, and behold, a storm wind, etc.” Now these [next] two verses interrupted his words, as though someone else was speaking about him: “The word of the Lord was [revealed] to Ezekiel...and the hand of the Lord came upon him there.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:1:2)

**וַאֲנִי בְתוֹךְ הַגּוֹלָה.** כְּלוֹמַר: חוּץ לְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**as I was in the midst of the exile** i.e., outside the land of Israel.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:1:3)

**עַל נְהַר כְּבָר.** שֵׁם הַנָּהָר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**by the river Chebar** The name of the river.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:4
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:1:4)

**מַרְאוֹת אֱלֹהִים.** עַל שֵׁם שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה רוֹאֶה בְּאַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא מְאִירָה קוֹרֵא אוֹתָהּ **מַרְאוֹת אֱלֹהִים**, כְּעֵין חֲלוֹם וְלֹא מַמָּשׁ, וְכָל הַנְּבִיאִים אַף הֵם מִתּוֹךְ אַסְפַּקְלַרְיָא שֶׁאֵינָהּ מְאִירָה רָאוּ, חוּץ מִמֹּשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ. הוּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וּבְיַד הַנְּבִיאִים אֲדַמֶּה״ (הושע יב:יא; ויקרא רבה א:יד; יבמות מט:):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**visions of God** Heb. מַרְאוֹת. Because he did not see with a “lucid speculum,” he calls it “visions of God,” a sort of dream, insubstantial. All the prophets also saw through a “dim speculum,” except for our teacher Moses. That is what is said (Hos. 12:11): “and to the prophets, I assumed likenesses.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:2:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:2:1)

**הִיא הַשָּׁנָה הַחֲמִישִׁית לְגָלוּת הַמֶּלֶךְ יוֹיָכִין.** נִמְצִינוּ לְמֵדִין, שֶׁשְּׁלֹשִׁים שָׁנָה שֶׁמָּנָה לִתְחִלַּת הַיּוֹבֵל מָנָה; שֶׁהַיּוֹבֵל הָאַחֲרוֹן הִתְחִיל בִּתְחִלַּת שְׁמוֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה לְיֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, הִיא הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁמָּצָא חִלְקִיָּהוּ אֶת הַסֵּפֶר (מלכים ב כב:ג,ח), וְכֵן שָׁנִינוּ בְּסֵדֶר עוֹלָם (סדר עולם רבה כד), שֶׁהִיא הָיְתָה תְּחִלַּת הַיּוֹבֵל. יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ מָלַךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאַחַת שָׁנָה (מלכים ב כב:א), צֵא מֵהֶן שְׁבַע עֶשְׂרֵה שֶׁעָבְרוּ כְּבָר, נִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ אַרְבַּע עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה. יְהוֹיָקִים מָלַךְ אַחַת עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה (מלכים ב כג:לו), הֲרֵי עֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ, וִיכָנְיָה בְּנוֹ לֹא מָלַךְ אֶלָּא שְׁלוֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים וְגָלָה (מלכים ב כד:ח,טו), וְשָׁנָה שֶׁנִּבָּא יְחֶזְקֵאל הָיְתָה חֲמִישִׁית לְגָלוּתוֹ, הֲרֵי שְׁנַת שְׁלֹשִׁים בַּיּוֹבֵל. וְכֵן מָצִינוּ בְּסוֹף נְבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן סִימָן לְמִנְיַן הַיּוֹבֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיְהִי בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְחָמֵשׁ שָׁנָה לְגָלוּתֵנוּ בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ״ (יחזקאל מ:א), וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (ערכין יב.): אֵיזֶהוּ שָׁנָה שֶׁרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלָּהּ בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר: זוֹ שְׁנַת הַיּוֹבֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**that is the fifth year of King Jehoiachin’s exile** Thus, we may deduce that the thirty years he counted, he counted from the beginning of the jubilee [cycle]: the last jubilee commenced at the beginning of the eighteenth year of Josiah[‘s reign]; that is, the year that Hilkiah found the scroll (II Kings 22). So we learn in Seder Olam (ch. 26), that the beginning of the jubilee was that [year]. Josiah reigned thirty one years. Subtracting from them the seventeen years that had already passed leaves fourteen years. Jehoiakim reigned eleven years; [together, that] totals twenty-five years. Jeconiah [Jehoiachin] his son, had reigned only three months when he was exiled, and the year that Ezekiel prophesied was the fifth [year] of his exile, hence the thirtieth year of the jubilee. And so we find that at the end of his prophecy, he gives a sign using the count of the jubilee [as a reference], for it says (40:1): “In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth of the month.” Our Rabbis said (Arachin 12a): What “year” is it that begins on the tenth of the month? You must say that this is the jubilee year [See Leviticus 25:9f.].


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:3:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:3:1)

**הָיֹה הָיָה דְבַר ה׳.** אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (מו״ק כה.) הָיָה כְּבָר, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין הַשְּׁכִינָה שׁוֹרָה עַל נָבִיא בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ אֶלָּא עַל יְדֵי שֶׁשָּׁרְתָה עָלָיו תְּחִלָּה בָּאָרֶץ, וְשָׁנִינוּ בִּבְרַיְיתָא דִּמְכִילְתָּא (מכילתא בשלח שירה ז): ״בֶּן אָדָם עֲמֹד עַל רַגְלֶיךָ״ (יחזקאל ב:א) הוּא הָיָה תְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין מוּקְדָּם וּמְאוּחָר; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים (מכילתא שם): ״בֶּן אָדָם חוּד חִידָה״ (יחזקאל יז: ב) הוּא תְּחִלַּת הַסֵּפֶר. וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי, שֶׁאוֹתָהּ נְבוּאָה נֶאֶמְרָה לוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁגָּלוּ, שֶׁהִיא רְאוּיָה לֵיאָמֵר לוֹ בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁאֵין מְפֹרָשׁ בָּהּ גּוֹלָה, וְהִיא נִכֶּרֶת תְּחִלַּת שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ אֲלֵיהֶם. וְיוֹנָתָן אַף הוּא כָּךְ תִּרְגֵּם: ״מֶהֱוֵי הֲוֵי פִּתְגָּם נְבוּאָה מִן קֳדָם ה׳ עִם יְחֶזְקֵאל בַּר בּוּזִי כַּהֲנָא בְּאַרְעָא דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, תָּב תִּנְיָינוּת אִתְמַלַּל עִמֵּיהּ בִּמְדִינַת אַרְעָא כַּשְׂדָּאֵי״. וִיחֶזְקֵאל גָּלָה עִם הֶחָרָשׁ וְהַמַּסְגֵּר, שֶׁגָּלוּ עִם יְהוֹיָכִין:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The word of the Lord was [revealed]** Heb. הָיֹה הָיָה [lit. being was.] Our Sages said (Mechilta to Exod. 12:1): “[It] had already come,” because the Shechinah does not rest upon a prophet outside the [Holy] Land, except by having first rested upon him in the Land. We learned in a Baraitha of the Mechilta (Exod. 15:9): [The verse 2:1,] “Son of man, stand on your feet,” was the [actual] beginning of the Book, only there is no chronological order [in Scripture]. Others say that (12:1f.) “Son of man, compose a riddle,” is the [true] beginning of the Book. [Mechilta ends here.] I say that this prophecy was told to him before they were exiled, because it is appropriate to be said to him in the Land, for the community of the exile is not mentioned explicitly in it. It can be recognized as the beginning of his mission to them. Jonathan, too, paraphrased in that manner: The prophetic word from before the Lord was revealed to Ezekiel the son of Buzi the priest in the land of Israel; it returned a second time and spoke with him in the state of the land of the Chaldeans. Now Ezekiel was exiled with the “craftsmen and the sentries of the gates,” who were exiled with Jehoiachin.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:3:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:3:2)

**יַד ה׳.** כָּל לְשׁוֹן יָד הָאֲמוּרָה בְּסֵפֶר זֶה, וּבְכָל לְשׁוֹן נְבוּאָה, אֵינָהּ אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן תֹּקֶף, שֶׁהַנְּבוּאָה תּוֹקֶפֶת עַל כָּרְחוֹ, כְּאָדָם מִשְׁתַּגֵּעַ, דיישטרי״צא בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the hand of the Lord** Every expression of יַד mentioned in this Book or in any expression of prophecy is invariably an expression of compulsion, [implying] that the prophecy seizes him against his will, like a person going mad, destreze in Old French, compulsion.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:4:1)

**וְהִנֵּה רוּחַ סְעָרָה בָּאָה מִן הַצָּפוֹן.** הִיא מֶרְכֶּבֶת כִּסֵּא כְּבוֹד הַשְּׁכִינָה, כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּעִנְיָן (להלן א:כח); וּלְפִי שֶׁבָּאָה בְחֵמָה, לְהַשְׁחִית אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְכָךְ נִדְמֵית לְ**רוּחַ סְעָרָה** וְ**עָנָן**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and behold, a tempest was coming from the north** That is the Chariot of the throne of the glory of the Shechinah, as it is described in this chapter (verse 28). Since it came with fury to destroy Israel, it is therefore likened to a tempest and a [storm] cloud.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:4:2)

**בָּאָה מִן הַצָּפוֹן.** חוֹזֶרֶת הָיְתָה מֵאֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִּים, שֶׁהִיא בַּצָּפוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״מִצָּפוֹן תִּפָּתַח הָרָעָה״ (ירמיה א:יד). וְלָמָּה הָלְכָה שָׁם? כְּדֵי לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת כָּל הָעוֹלָם תַּחַת נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמְרוּ הַבַּבְלִיִּים: בְּיַד אֻמָּה שְׁפָלָה מָסַר אֶת בָּנָיו, שֶׁכַּשְׂדִּים אֻמָּה שְׁפָלָה הָיוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״זֶה הָעָם לֹא הָיָה״ (ישעיה כג:יג), כָּךְ דָּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת חֲגִיגָה (חגיגה יג:):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**coming from the north** It was returning from the land of the Chaldeans, which is in the north. As it is said (Jer. 1:14): “From the north the misfortune will break forth.” And why did it go there [first]? In order to subjugate the whole world to Nebuchadnezzar, to prevent the nations from saying that He delivered His children into the hands of a lowly nation, for the Chaldeans were [considered] a lowly nation. As it is said (Isa. 23:13): “this people has never been.” So did our Sages expound on this verse in tractate Chagigah (13b).


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:4:3)

**וְנֹגַהּ לוֹ.** לֶעָנָן סְבִיבָיו, מִבַּחוּץ, רֶמֶז הוּא שֶׁעֲתִידִין יִשְׂרָאֵל לִגָּאֵל מִשָּׁם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**with a brightness around it** Surrounding the cloud on the outside, implying that Israel was destined to be redeemed from there [Babylonia].


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:4
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:4:4)

**כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַל.** חַשְׁמַל – מַלְאָךְ שֶׁשְּׁמוֹ כָּךְ, וּכְעֵין גָּוֶן שֶׁלּוֹ רָאָה מִתּוֹךְ הָאֵשׁ. וְכָךְ אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (חגיגה יג.): מַעֲשֶׂה בְּתִינוֹק אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה דּוֹרֵשׁ בְּמַעֲשֵׂה מֶרְכָּבָה, וְהָיָה מֵבִין בְּחַשְׁמַל, וְיָצְאָה אֵשׁ מֵחַשְׁמַל וַאֲכָלַתּוּ; וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ כִּי הַמִּלָּה מֻרְכֶּבֶת, בְּאָמְרָם (שם): מַאי חַשְׁמַל? אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, חַיּוֹת אֵשׁ מְמַלְּלוֹת; בְּמַתְנִיתָא תָּנָא, עִתִּים חָשׁוֹת וְעִתִּים מְמַלְּלוֹת: בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַדִּבּוּר יוֹצֵא מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא – חָשׁוֹת, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵין הַדִּבּוּר יוֹצֵא מִפִּי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא – מְמַלְּלוֹת, כְּלוֹמַר: מְשַׁבְּחוֹת וּמְהַלְּלוֹת אֶת הַשֵּׁם; וְיִתָּכֵן שֶׁיְּהֵא חַשְׁמַל שֵׁם הָעַיִן, שֶׁהוּא קָרוֹב לְעֵין הָאֵשׁ, כִּי אָמַר **חַשְׁמַל מִתּוֹךְ הָאֵשׁ**, וְאָמַר ״כְּעֵין חַשְׁמַל כְּמַרְאֵה אֵשׁ בֵּית לָהּ סָבִיב מִמַּרְאֵה מָתְנָיו וּלְמָעְלָה״ (יחזקאל א:כז), וְאָמַר בַּמַּרְאֶה הַשְּׁנִיָּה ״וּמִמָּתְנָיו וּלְמַעְלָה כְּמַרְאֵה זֹהַר כְּעֵין הַחַשְׁמַל״ (יחזקאל ח:ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**it was like the color of the chashmal** “Chashmal” is an angel bearing that name, and he [Ezekiel] saw [something] like the appearance of its color in the midst of the fire. And so did our Sages say: There was an incident involving a child who was expounding on the account of the Chariot. He perceived the meaning of “chashmal,” [whereupon] fire emanated from the chashmal and consumed him. They said further that the word itself is a combination: When they asked, “What is chashmal?” replied Rav Judah, “Living beings (חֶיוֹת) of fire (אֵש) that speak (מִמַלְלוֹת) .” In a Baraitha we learned: Sometimes silent (חָשּׁוֹת), sometimes speaking (מִמַלְלוֹת) when the speech emanates from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, they remain silent. When the speech does not emanate from the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, they speak; that is, they laud and praise the Lord (Chag. 13). [Possibly, “chashmal” is the name of the color resembling the color of fire, for he said, “Chashmal from the midst of the fire,” and he said (verse 27): “the color of chashmal, the appearance of fire within it found about, from the appearance of his loins and above.” And, he says in the second vision (8:2): “and from his loins and above was like the appearance of a splendor, like the color of chashmal.” An addendum that I heard.]


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:5
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:4:5)

**וּמִתּוֹכָהּ.** שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָאֵשׁ, רָאִיתִי **כְּעֵין חַשְׁמַל** הַנִּרְאֶה **מִתּוֹךְ הָאֵשׁ**; וְלֹא נוֹדַע מַהוּ. וּמִדְרָשׁ שֶׁדָּרְשׁוּ בּוֹ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (חגיגה יג:): חַיּוֹת אֵשׁ מְמַלְּלוֹת, אֵינוֹ מְיֻשָּׁב עַל הָעִנְיָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And from the midst of it**, [i.e.,] that fire, I saw something like the color of chashmal that appeared from the midst of the fire. But we do not know what it is, and the midrash that our Sages expounded on it, [defining “chashmal” as] living beings of fire that speak, does not seem to me to the context.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:5:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:5:1)

**דְּמוּת אָדָם לָהֵנָּה.** יֵשׁ לִתְמוֹהַּ, שֶׁהֲרֵי אַף דְּמוּת שׁוֹר וְאַרְיֵה וְנֶשֶׁר לָהֵנָּה (יחזקאל י:יד)! וְנִרְאֶה בְּעֵינַי: לְפִי שֶׁזֶּה אָב לְכֻלָּם, קִלֵּס הַנָּבִיא אֶת הַמֶּרְכָּבָה בּוֹ; וְהוּא דְּמוּת פַּרְצוּפוֹ שֶׁל יַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ (בראשית רבה פב:ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they had the likeness of a man** This is surprising, because they had also the likeness of an ox, a lion, and an eagle! Apparently, since this [being] is the patron of them all [all the living beings], the prophet praises the Chariot with it. [Their human face] had the countenance of our father Jacob.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:6:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:6:1)

**וְאַרְבָּעָה פָנִים לְאֶחָת.** לְאַחַת זוֹ, לְפַרְצוּף הָאָדָם לְבַדָּהּ, הָיוּ **אַרְבָּעָה פָנִים**, וְכֵן לָאַרְיֵה וְלַנֶּשֶׁר וְלַשּׁוֹר (יחזקאל י:יד), הֲרֵי שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה לַחַיָּה, וְכֵן לְכָל חַיָּה וְחַיָּה; **וְאַרְבַּע כְּנָפַיִם** לְכָל אֶחָד מִן הַפָּנִים, הֲרֵי שִׁשִּׁים וְאַרְבַּע כְּנָפַיִם לַחַיָּה, וְהוּא שֶׁתִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״מָאתָן וְחַמְשִׁין וְשִׁיתָא גַּפִּין״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and each one had four faces** “Each one” means that the human countenance had four faces, as did that of the lion, the eagle, and the ox, totaling sixteen [faces] to one living being. It was thus for each living being, and four wings for each of the faces, totaling sixty-four wings for each living being. This is [why] Jonathan paraphrased: two hundred fifty-six wings.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:7:1)

**רֶגֶל יְשָׁרָה.** ״רַגְלִין כֵּיוָנִין״ (תרגום יונתן), מְכֻוָּנִין זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה. דָּבָר אַחֵר: **יְשָׁרָה**, שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם קְפִיצִים אַרְכּוּבוֹת לָכוֹף אֶת שׁוֹקֵיהֶם (בראשית רבה סה,כא), לְפִי שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם יְשִׁיבָה וְלֹא שְׁכִיבָה, וְאֵין צְרִיכִין לִהְיוֹת קְפִיצִין כְּעֵין שֶׁיֵּשׁ לַבְּהֵמָה, קֶפֶץ עֶלְיוֹן וְקֶפֶץ תַּחְתּוֹן, שֶׁבָּהֶם הִיא כּוֹפֶפֶת שׁוֹקֶיהָ לִשְׁכַּב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**were straight legs** [Jonathan renders]: רִגְלִין כֵּיוָנָן parallel legs, this one opposite this one. Another explanation: “straight,” meaning they had no knee joints by which to bend their legs because they do no sitting or lying. Therefore they do not require joints like those of animalsthe upper joint and the lower joint by which it bends its legs to lie down.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:7:2)

**רֶגֶל עֵגֶל.** רֶגֶל עָגוֹל, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״רִיגְלִין סְגַלְגָּלִין״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a round foot** Heb. עֵגֶל, a round foot, and so did Jonathan render it: round feet.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:7:3)

**וְנוֹצְצִים.** מִתּוֹךְ זַהֲרוֹרִיתָם דּוֹמֶה כְּאִלּוּ יוֹצְאוֹת מֵהֶם נִצּוֹצוֹת, כְּדַאֲמְרִינָן בְּמַסֶּכֶת יוֹמָא (לז:): אַף הִיא עָשְׂתָה נִבְרֶשֶׁת שֶׁל זָהָב וְכוּ׳, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהַחַמָּה זוֹרַחַת נִצּוֹצוֹת יוֹצְאִין הֵימֶנָּה וְכוּ׳:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and they sparkled** Because of their brilliance, sparks seemed to emanate from them, as we say in tractate Yoma (37b): She too [Queen Helene] made a golden candelabrum, etc. When the sun shone, sparks would [seemingly] emanate from it, etc. וְנוֹצְצִים is etincelants in French, gleaming.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:4
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:7:4)

**כְּעֵין.** כְּמוֹ כְּמַרְאֵה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the color** Heb. כְּעֵין, like מַרְאֶה, the appearance.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:5
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:7:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:7:5)

**נְחֹשֶׁת קָלָל.** מְזֻקָּק וּמֵאִיר, וּמְנַחֵם חִבְּרוֹ עִם ״קָלוּי בָּאֵשׁ״ (ויקרא ב:יד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**burnished copper** Heb. קָלָל, clarified and gleaming. Menachem (Machbereth p. 155) associated it with (Lev. 2: 14): “roasted (קָלוּי) in fire.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:8:1)

**וְיָדִי אָדָם מִתַּחַת כְּנָפֶיהָ׳.** כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ ״לְמִחְתֵי בְּהוֹן גּוּמְרִין דְּאִישָׁא וְגוֹ׳״ וְכֵן אָנוּ מוֹצְאִים בְּסֵפֶר זֶה ״וַיִּשְׁלַח הַכְּרוּב אֶת יָדוֹ אֶל הָאֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר בֵּינוֹת הַכְּרוּבִים וַיִּשָּׂא וְיִתֵּן אֶל חָפְנֵי לְבֻשׁ הַבַּדִּים״ (יחזקאל י:ז) וְכֵן אַחֲרָיו ״וְיִרְאוּ לַכְּרֻבִים תַּבְנִית יַד אָדָם וְגֵו׳״ (יחזקאל י:ח) יְדֵי אָדָם חוֹתוֹת אֶת הָאֵשׁ וְנוֹתְנוֹת לַכְּרוּב וְהַכְּרוּב לַשָּׁלִיחַ כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּצְטַנְּנוּ הַגֶּחָלִים מִיָּד אֶל יָד לְהָקֵל הַפֻּרְעָנִיּוֹת מֵעַל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And human hands were beneath their wings** As the Targum paraphrases: to pick up coals of fire with them, etc. Likewise, we find in this Book (10:7): “And the cherub stretched forth his hand, etc. to the fire that was between the cherubim, and he picked it up and gave it to the hands of the one dressed in linen.” And so, [in the verse] after it, “And there appeared to the cherubim the form of a human hand, etc.” The human hands pick up the fire and give it to the cherub, and the cherub [gives it] to the messenger, in order [to allow] the coals to cool off [as they pass] from hand to hand, to mitigate Israel’s punishment.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:8:2)

**עַל אַרְבַּעַת רִבְעֵיהֶם.** לְאַרְבָּעָה רוּחוֹת הָעוֹלָם, שֶׁהֲרֵי יֵשׁ לָהֶם פָּנִים וּכְנָפַיִם לְכָל רוּחַ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**on their four sides** To the four directions of the world, for they have faces and wings in every direction.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:8:3)

**וּפְנֵיהֶם וְכַנְפֵיהֶם לְאַרְבַּעְתָּם.** כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ: ״שָׁוֶה לְאַרְבַּעְתָּן״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and their faces and their wings were the same to all four of them** As the Targum renders: were the same to all four of them.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:9:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:9:1)

**חוֹבְרוֹת אִשָּׁה אֶל אֲחוֹתָהּ כַּנְפֵיהֶם.** כְּנָפָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ פְּרוּשָׂה לְצַד כְּנָפָהּ שֶׁל זוֹ לְכָאן וְכֵן לְכָאן, עַד שֶׁחוֹבְרוֹת וּמַגִּיעוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ, וּבְכָךְ הֵם מְכַסּוֹת פְּנֵיהֶם, שֶׁהַכְּנָפַיִם פְּרוּשׂוֹת לְמַעְלָה מִן הַפָּנִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Their wings joined one to the other** Each one’s wing was spread out to the side of the other one’s wing this way [lit. to here] and that way [lit. to here] until they join and touch each other, thereby covering their faces, for the wings are spread out over the face.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:9:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:9:2)

**לֹא יִסַּבּוּ בְלֶכְתָּן.** אִם רוֹצוֹת לָלֶכֶת לְאֵיזֶה רוּחַ שֶׁיִּרְצוּ, אֵין צְרִיכוֹת לְהָסֵב פְּנֵיהֶם, שֶׁהֲרֵי יֵשׁ לָהֶם פָּנִים לְכָל צַד, לְפִיכָךְ **אִישׁ אֶל עֵבֶר פָּנָיו יֵלֵכוּ**, לְצַד פָּנָיו שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ רוּחַ שֶׁהֵם רוֹצִים לָלֶכֶת, יֵלֵכוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they did not turn when they walked** If they wished to walk in any desired direction, they did not need to turn their faces because they have faces on every side; therefore each one went in the direction of his facein the direction of the face on that side where they desired to go, they would go.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:11:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:11:1)

**וּפְנֵיהֶם וְכַנְפֵיהֶם פְּרֻדוֹת מִלְמָעְלָה.** אִלְמָלֵא שֶׁרָאִיתִי טַעַם זָקֵף גָּדוֹל נָקוּד עַל וּפְנֵיהֶם, לֹא הָיִיתִי יוֹדֵעַ לְפָרְשׁוֹ, אֲבָל הַנִּיקּוּד לִמְּדַנִי לְהַבְדִּילָם זוֹ מִזּוֹ וּלְהַעֲמִיד תֵּיבַת וּפְנֵיהֶם בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, וְכֵן פֵּירוּשׁוֹ: וּפְנֵיהֶם לָהֶם, וְכַנְפֵיהֶם הָיוּ פְּרוּדוֹת לְמַעְלָה מִפְּנֵיהֶם וּמְכַסּוֹת אוֹתָם, כֵּיצַד? **לְאִישׁ שְׁתַּיִם חֹבְרוֹת אִישׁ.** לְכָל פָּנִים וּפָנִים שְׁתַּיִם כַּנְפֵיהֶם חוֹבְרוֹת לְכָל אַחַת, כְּנַף חַיָּה זוֹ פְּרוּשָׂה לְצַד כְּנַף חַיָּה זוֹ, וְשֶׁל זוֹ לְצַד זוֹ, וְהַפָּנִים שֶׁבֵּינְתַּיִם מְכֻסִּים בָּהֶם. וְדוּגְמַת לְשׁוֹן מִקְרָא זֶה יֵשׁ עוֹד בְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ: ״וְגַבֵּיהֶם וְגֹבַהּ לָהֶם וְיִרְאָה לָהֶם״ (יחזקאל א:יח) – תֵּיבַת ״וְגַבֵּיהֶם״ עוֹמֶדֶת בְּעַצְמָהּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And so were their faces, and their wings were extended upward** Had I not seen the cantillation sign of a “zakef gadol” [indicating a pause] punctuating “And so were their faces,” I would not know how to explain it, but the punctuation taught me to separate them [the words of the verse] one from the other and to place the word וּפְנֵיהֶם by itself. And so, [this] is its explanation: And they had faces and their wings were extended above their faces and covered them. How so? “Each had two wings joined to each other”to each face, their two wings were joined. On each one, the wing of this living being was stretched out towards the side of that living being, and this one’s towards the side of this one, and the face that was in between was covered by them. [A verse whose wording] is similar to the language of this verse appears again in this chapter (verse 18): “And they had backs, and they were very high and they were dreadful.” The word וְגֲבֵּיהֶן, “and they had backs,” stands by itself.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:11:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:11:2)

**וּשְׁתַּיִם מְכַסּוֹת.** וּשְׁתֵּי כְנָפַיִם הַנּוֹתָרוֹת מְכַסּוֹת **אֶת גְּוִיּוֹתֵיהֶנָה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and two covering their bodies** And the two remaining wings would cover their bodies.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:12:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:12:1)

**אֶל אֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה שָׁמָּה הָרוּחַ.** הָרָצוֹן לָלֶכֶת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**wherever would be the will** Heb. רוּחַ, usually spirit, here means will: the will to go.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:13:1)

**הִיא מִתְהַלֶּכֶת בֵּין הַחַיּוֹת.** הַמַּרְאָה הַזֹּאת מִתְהַלֶּכֶת בְּכָל הַחַיּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**it was going among the living beings** That appearance (מַרְאָה) was going among all the living beings.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:13:2)

**וְנֹגַהּ לָאֵשׁ.** יוֹתֵר מֵאֵשׁ שֶׁלָּנוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**there was a brightness to the fire** More than [there is to] our fire.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:13:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:13:3)

**בָּרָק.** פְלַנְדוֹרְ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**lightning** Heb. בָּרָק, flandours in Old French, lightning flashes.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:14:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:14:1)

**רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב כְּמַרְאֵה הַבָּזָק.** פֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (חגיגה יג:): **רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב** כְּלַהֶבֶת הַכִּבְשָׁן, שֶׁיּוֹצְאָה תָּמִיד מִפִּי הַכִּבְשָׁן וּמְמַהֶרֶת לַחֲזוֹר וְלִיכָּנֵס; כָּךְ כְּשֶׁמּוֹצִיאוֹת רֹאשָׁן מִתַּחַת הָרָקִיעַ הַנְּטוּיָה לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בָּעִנְיָן (יחזקאל א:כב), נִרְתָּעוֹת מִפְּנֵי הַשְּׁכִינָה שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה מִן הָרָקִיעַ וּמְמַהֲרוֹת לְהָשִׁיב אֶת רֹאשָׁן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**would run and return, like the appearance of the sparks** Our Sages explained (Chag. 13b): They would run and return like the flame of a furnace, which constantly shoots out of the mouth of the furnace and hastens back to enter. So, when they would thrust their heads out from under the expanse that was extended above themas is delineated in the chapterthey would recoil because of the Shechinah, which is above the expanse, and they hasten to pull their heads [down].


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:14:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:14:2)

**כְּמַרְאֵה הַבָּזָק.** דְלָאטַנְצִי״לָא בְּלַעַ״ז וְגוֹוֶן אֵשׁ לָהֶם כְּגוֹוֶן אֵשׁ הַיּוֹצֵא מִבֵּין הַחֲרָסִין (חגיגה יג:) שֶׁמְּזַקְּקִין זָהָב בְּכוּר בְּתוֹכָן, וְהָאֵשׁ שֶׁיּוֹצְאָה מִשָּׁם צְבוּעָה בִּגְוָנִים. (תוספות וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים הֶבְזֵק לְשׁוֹן פָּזוּר, כְּפִי שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּהוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (בראשית רבה נ:א): **כְּמַרְאֵה הַבָּזָק** רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי בֶּן פַּרְטָא כָּזֶה שֶׁבּוֹזֵק גֶּפֶת בְּכִירָה, כְּלוֹמַר שֶׁמְּפַזֵּר גֶּפֶת שֶׁהוּא פְּסֹלֶת הַזֵּתִים בְּכִירָה, שֶׁהוּא מִתְלַהֵט בִּמְהֵרָה וּמַעֲלֶה לַהַב וְהַלַּהַב עוֹלֶה וְיוֹרֵד, וְזֶהוּ פֵּרוּשׁ **רָצוֹא וָשׁוֹב**. וְעוֹד יֵשׁ בְּדִבְרֵיהֶם בָּזָק לְשׁוֹן פִּזּוּר (סנהדרין קח:): בָּזַק בְּהוּ עַפְרָא וְהָווּ חַרְבֵּי, כְּלוֹמַר פִּזֵּר; וְכֵן בַּמִּשְׁנָה (ערובין י:יד): בּוֹזְקִין מֶלַח עַל גַּב הַכֶּבֶשׁ בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁלֹּא יַחְלִיקוּ; וְיֵשׁ מַשְׁמַע בָּזָק כְּמוֹ בָּרָק, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן חִפּוּשׁ עד כאן תוספות, סא״א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the appearance of the sparks** Heb. הֲבָּזָק, de l’etincelle in French, and the color of their fire is like the color of the fire that emanates from between the shards within which gold is refined in a furnace. The fire that emanates from there is colored with these colors (ibid.). [Addendum—Others explain הַבָּזָק as an expression of scattering, as our Sages explained it (Gen. Rabbah 50:1): “like the appearance of the bazak” R. Judah in the name of R. Simon in the name of R. Levi the son of Perata: Like one who scatters (הַבּוֹזֵק) ‘gefeth’ in a stove, i.e., he scatters ‘gefeth’ the residue of olives in a stove: it ignites quickly and raises a flame, and the flame ascends and descends, and this is the meaning of “would run and return.” Furthermore we find in their words (Sanh. 108b, according to Aruch) בזק used as an expression of scattering: “He scattered (בָּזַק) dust on them and it turned into swords,” meaning he scattered, and so in the Mishnah (Eruvin 10:14): “We may scatter (בּוֹזְקִין) salt on the ramp so that they should not slip.” בזק may also be defined as ברק (lightning), which is an expression of searching. End of addendum, not found in (sic) all editions.]


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:15:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:15:1)

**אוֹפַן אֶחָד בָּאָרֶץ.** בְּרִצְפַּת הָרָקִיעַ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**one wheel [was] on the ground** On the floor of the expanse.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:15:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:15:2)

**לְאַרְבַּעַת פָּנָיו.** שֶׁל כָּל חַיָּה; אוֹ הָאוֹפַן יֵשׁ לוֹ אַרְבָּעָה פָנִים. רַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (חגיגה יג:): זֶה סַנְדַּלְפוֹן, הָעוֹמֵד בָּאָרֶץ וְרֹאשׁוֹ מַגִּיעַ לְבֵין הַחַיּוֹת; אֲבָל לְפִי הָעִנְיָן אָנוּ לְמֵדִין, שֶׁהָאוֹפַנִּים אַרְבָּעָה הֵם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for its four faces** of each living being, or the wheel had four faces. Our Rabbis said (Chag. 13b): “This is Sandalphon [the angel], who stands on the ground yet whose head reaches up among the living beings.” From the context we learn that the wheels were four.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:16:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:16:1)

**כְּעֵין תַּרְשִׁישׁ.** כְּמוֹ אֶבֶן טוֹבָה שֶׁשְּׁמָהּ תַּרְשִׁישׁ, קְרִישְׁטָ״ל בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the appearance of crystal** Heb. תַּרְשִּׂישּׂ, like a precious stone named tarshish, cristal in French.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:16:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:16:2)

**כַּאֲשֶׁר יִהְיֶה הָאוֹפָן.** קָבוּעַ בְּתוֹךְ הָאוֹפָן שְׁתִי וָעֵרֶב, לְפִי שֶׁהֵן הוֹלְכוֹת לְכָל עֵבֶר פְּנֵיהֶם (יחזקאל א:יב) לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיְּהֵא הָאוֹפָן מְגַלְגֵּל לְאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**as...would be** A wheel set within a wheel, crosswise. Since they go to every side, with their faces to the four directions, the wheel must roll in its four directions.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:17:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:17:1)

**עַל אַרְבַּעַת רִבְעֵיהֶן וְגוֹ׳.** בִּשְׁבִיל מַעֲשֵׂה הָאוֹפַנִּים הֻצְרַךְ לִשְׁנוֹתָן לוֹמַר, שֶׁאֵין הָאוֹפַנִּים מְעַכְּבִין עֲלֵיהֶם, שֶׁאַף הֵם עֲשׂוּיִין לְכָךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**toward their four sides, etc.** Because of the working of the wheels, he had to repeat them [i.e., the description of the living beings’ movements], to say that the wheels did not stop them because they [the living beings] too were made for that [i.e., moving in four directions].


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:18:1)

**וְגַבֵּיהֶן.** וְגַב יֵשׁ לָהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And they had backs** Heb. וְגַבֵּיהֶן, lit. and their backs. And they had backs.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:18:2)

**וְגֹבַהּ לָהֶם וְיִרְאָה לָהֶם.** מְאֻיָּמִים הֵם לָרוֹאֶה אוֹתָם; וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִין **וְיִרְאָה לָהֶם** – בְּמוֹרָא עוֹמְדִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and they were very high, and they were dreadful** They were frightful to look upon. Others interpret: “they had fear,” meaning they stood in awe.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:18:3)

**וְגַבּוֹתָם.** אִילוֹיְר שׁוֹרְצִילִי בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and their eyebrows** Heb. וְגֲבֹּתָם, et leurs sourcils in French.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:4
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:18:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:18:4)

**מְלֵאוֹת עֵינַיִם סָבִיב.** לִרְאוֹת לְכָל רוּחַ, שֶׁהֲרֵי **לֹא יִסַּבּוּ בְּלֶכְתָּם**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**were full of eyes round about** to see in all directions, for they did not turn when they went.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:19:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:19:1)

**מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ.** מֵעַל רִצְפַּת הָרָקִיעַ, וְכֵן תִּרְגְּמוֹ יוֹנָתָן: ״מִלְּרַע לְרוּם שְׁמַיָּא״, כְּלוֹמַר: בְּהִנָּשְׂאָם מִלְּמַטָּה לְמַעְלָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**off the ground** Off the floor of the expanse, and so did Jonathan render: “off the high heavens”; meaning when they lifted themselves up from the depths to the heights.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:20:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:20:1)

**הָרוּחַ.** הָרָצוֹן שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the will** The will of the Holy One, blessed be He.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:20:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:20:2)

**שָׁמָּה הָרוּחַ לָלֶכֶת.** אֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לָהֶם לְצַד זֶה לְכוּ, שֶׁרוּחוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בַּחַיּוֹת, וְרוּחַ הַחַיָּה בָּאוֹפַנִּים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**there was the will to go** It was not necessary to tell them [to go] to this side [or that] because the will of the Holy One, blessed be He, was in the living beings, and the will of the living beings was in the wheels.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:21:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:21:1)

**בְּלֶכְתָּם.** הַחַיּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**When they would go** Heb. בְּלֶכְתַּם, [i.e.,] the living beings.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:21:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:21:2)

**יֵלְכוּ.** הָאוֹפַנִּים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they would go** Heb. יֵלְכוּ [i.e.,] the wheels.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:22:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:22:1)

**הַקֶּרַח הַנּוֹרָא.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״גְּלִיד חֲסִין״, גְּלִיאָ״ה פוֹרְ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the severe frost** Jonathan rendered: גְלִיד חֲסִין, severe frost, gelee forte in French.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:23:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:23:1)

**יְשָׁרוֹת.** מְכֻוָּנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**straight** Parallel.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:24:1)

**כְּקוֹל מַיִם רַבִּים.** יָכוֹל קוֹל נָמוּךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: **כְּקוֹל שַׁדַּי**, כְּקוֹל הַמְפֹרָשׁ בַּכְּתוּבִים ״קוֹל ה׳ בַּכֹּחַ, קוֹל ה׳ שֹׁבֵר אֲרָזִים״ (תהילים כט:ד-ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the sound of many waters** I would think that the voice was low. Therefore, Scripture adds: like the sound of the Almighty, like the voice delineated in the Holy Writings (Ps. 29:4f.): “The voice of the Lord is in strength, etc. The voice of the Lord breaks the cedars.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:24:2)

**קוֹל הֲמֻלָּה כְּקוֹל מַחֲנֶה.** ״קָל מִלּוּלֵיהֶן כַּד מוֹדָן וּמְבָרְכִין קֳדָם רִבּוֹנֵיהוֹן כְּקָל מַשְׁרִיַּית מַלְאֲכֵי מְרוֹמָא״ (תרגום יונתן):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the sound of stirring, like the sound of a camp** Like the sound of their speech when they thank and bless their Master; it was like the sound of the camp of the angels on high.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:24:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:24:3)

**בְּעָמְדָם תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן.** מִלְּהַשְׁמִיעַ קוֹל. וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: ״בִּמְקוֹמֵיהוֹן מְשַׁתְּקָן גַּפֵּיהוֹן מִן קֳדָם דִּבּוּרָא״, דִּבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל מָקוֹם הַיּוֹצֵא מִמַּעַל לְרֹאשָׁן לְהַשְׁמִיעַ לַנְּבִיאִים שְׁלִיחוּתוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּסַיֵּם וְהוֹלֵךְ: ״וַיְהִי קוֹל וְגוֹמֵר״ (יחזקאל א:כה). וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה (תנחומא, קדושים ו): בְּעָמְדָם מִלְּקַלֵּס, בִּשְׁבִיל צַדִּיקִים שֶׁיְּקַלְּסוּ תְּחִלָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**when they would stand, they would let down their wings** [and cease] from making a sound be heard, and Jonathan rendered: when they would stand, they would silence their wings because of the speech, [i.e., because of] the speech of the Omnipresent emanating from above their heads, to let the prophets hear His mission, as he [Ezekiel] concludes (verse 25): “And there was a voice, etc.” The Midrash Aggadah (Gen. Rabbah 65:11) states: “When they would stop praising [God] so that Israel would praise first.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:25:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:25:1)

**וַיְהִי קוֹל מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״לִזְמַן דַּהֲוָה רַעֲוָא קֳדָמוֹהִי לְאַשְׁמָעוּתָא דִּבּוּרָא לְעַבְדוֹהִי נְבִיאֵי, הֲוָה קָלָא מִשְׁתְּמַע מֵעִילּוּי רְקִיעַ מִבֵּין כְּרוּבַיָּא מִתְּחוֹת רְקִיעָא דְּעַל רֵישֵׁיהוֹן״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And there was a voice above the expanse** Jonathan rendered: And at the time that there was a will before Him to make His speech heard to His servantsthe prophets of Israelthere was a voice, and it was heard from above the expanse, from between the cherubim, from beneath the expanse that was over their heads.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:25:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:25:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:25:2)

**תְּרַפֶּינָה כַנְפֵיהֶן.** מֵאֵימַת הַדִּבּוּר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they would let down their wings** out of the fear of the speech.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:27:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:27:1)

**וָאֵרֶא כְּעֵין חַשְׁמַל.** לֹא נִתַּן רְשׁוּת לְהִתְבּוֹנֵן בְּמִקְרָא זֶה (חגיגה יג.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I saw like the color of chashmal** No permission was granted to ponder over this verse.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:27:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:27:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:27:2)

**בֵּית לָהּ.** מִלִּפְנִים לָהּ **כְּמַרְאֵה אֵשׁ**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**within it** Within it was like the appearance of fire.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:28:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:28:1)

**וָאֶפֹּל עַל פָּנַי.** ״וְאִשְׁתַּטְחִית״ (תרגום יונתן):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I fell on my face** I prostrated myself.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 1:28:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 1:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/1:28:2)

**וָאֶשְׁמַע קוֹל מְדַבֵּר.** וּמָה דִּבֵּר?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I heard a voice speaking** And what did it say?