## Rashi on Ezekiel Chapter 38

###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:2:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:2:1)

**אֶל גּוֹג.** כָּךְ שֵׁם הַמֶּלֶךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**toward Gog** So is the king’s name.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:2:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:2:2)

**הַמָּגוֹג.** שֵׁם הָאֻמָּה, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר ״גֹּמֶר וּמָגוֹג״ (בראשית י):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Magog** The name of the nation, as Scripture states (Gen. 10: 2): “Gomer and Magog.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:4:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:4:1)

**וְשׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ.** אֶעֱשֶׂה אוֹתְךָ שׁוֹבָב, אַנְבוֹ״יִישִׁיר בְּלַעַ״ז. כָּל הַהוֹלֵךְ בִּשְׁרִירוּת לִבּוֹ נִקְרָא שׁוֹבָב, כְּמוֹ (ישעיהו נז:יז) ״וַיֵּלֶךְ שׁוֹבָב בְּדֶרֶךְ לִבּוֹ״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I shall unbridle you** [Heb. וְשּׁוֹבַבְתִּיךָ.] I shall make you שׁוֹבָב a unbridled, backsliding, envoyzer in Old French, to unbridle. Whoever follows the dictates of his heart is called שּׁוֹבַב, as (Isa. 57: 17): “for he went rebelliously (שּׁוֹבֵב) in the way of his heart.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:4:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:4:2)

**וְנָתַתִּי חַחִים בִּלְחָיֶיךָ.** דֶּרֶךְ חַיָּה לְהוֹצִיאָהּ בְּחַחִים שֶׁבִּלְחָיֶיהָ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ רוֹצָה לָצֵאת; גַּם אֲנִי אֶתֵּן בְּלִבְּךָ הִרְהוּרִין וְיֵצֶר, הַמּוֹשֵׁךְ אוֹתְךָ מֵאַרְצְךָ לָבֹא עַל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I shall put hooks into your jaws** It is customary to lead out a beast with the hooks in its jaws because it does not want to go [voluntarily]. I, too, will put thoughts into your heart and an urge that will draw you from your land to come upon Israel.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:6:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:6:1)

**וְכָל אֲגַפֶּיהָ.** כָּל סְבִיבֶיהָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and all its wings** And all those around it.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:7:1)

**הִכּוֹן וְהָכֵן לְךָ.** הִכּוֹן אוֹתְךָ, וְהָכֵן לְךָ חַיִל אֲחֵרִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Be prepared and make ready for yourself** Prepare yourself, and make ready for yourself an army of others.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:7:2)

**הִכּוֹן.** הִזְדַּמֵּן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**be prepared** [as translated,] be prepared.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:7:3)

**וְהָיִיתָ לָהֶם לְמִשְׁמָר.** דֶּרֶךְ הַמְּלָכִים לָתֵת לֵב עַל חֵילוֹתֵיהֶם הֵיאַךְ יֵצְאוּ, וּלְהַעֲמִיד מִשְׁמָרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא מַשְׁחִית עַל חֵילוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and you will be to them for a guardian** It is the custom of kings to pay attention, concerning their armies, to how they will march forth, and to appoint guards so that a destroyer should not come upon his army at night.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:8:1)

**מִיָּמִים רַבִּים תִּפָּקֵד.** מִיָּמִים רַבִּים שֶׁחָטָאתָ לִי, תִּפָּקֵד עַתָּה לְפָנַי, לִזְכּוֹר עֲוֹנוֹתֶיךָ וּלְהָשִׁיב גְּמוּלְךָ, וַאֲשִׂיאֲךָ **בְּאַחֲרִית הַשָּׁנִים** לָבוֹא **אֶל אֶרֶץ** יִשְׂרָאֵל הַ**מְּשׁוֹבֶבֶת מֵחֶרֶב**, שֶׁשָּׁבוּ יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ מִן הַגּוֹלָה, אֲשֶׁר גָּלוּ שָׁם עַל יְדֵי חֶרֶב הָאוֹיֵב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From many days past you will be remembered** From the many days past that you sinned against Me, you will now be remembered before Me, for [Me] to remember your iniquities and to pay you your recompense. And I shall entice you at the end of years into coming to the land of Israel, “returned from the sword” whose inhabitants returned from the exile wherein they had been exiled by the enemy’s sword.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:8:2)

**אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ לְחָרְבָּה תָּמִיד.** זֶה שָׁנִים רַבּוֹת; וְסָמוּךְ לְבוֹאֲךָ עֲלֵיהֶם, חָזְרוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**which had been continually laid waste** these many years, and [only] shortly before your coming upon them, they returned.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:8:3)

**וְהִיא מֵעַמִּים הוּצָאָה.** וְהָיָה לְךָ לָשׂוּם עַל לֵב שֶׁ**הִיא מֵעַמִּים הוּצָאָה**, וְהַמּוֹצִיאָהּ מִן הָעַמִּים לֹא יַעַזְבֶנָּה בְּיָדְךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but it was liberated from the nations** But you should have taken into consideration that it liberated from the nations, and He Who liberated it from the nations will not leave it in your hands.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:9:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:9:1)

**כַּשּׁוֹאָה.** כְּחֹשֶׁךְ הַמְכַסֶּה אֶת הָאָרֶץ, **שׁוֹאָה** בְּרוּאִינְ״ה בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like mist** [Heb. כַּשּׁוֹאָה,] like darkness that covers the earth, שּׁוֹאָה is broine, bruine in Old French, fog, mist.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:10:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:10:1)

**יַעֲלוּ דְבָרִים.** ״יִסְקוּן הִרְהוּרִין״ (תרגום יונתן):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**words will enter** Thoughts will arise.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:10:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:10:2)

**מַחֲשֶׁבֶת רָעָה.** לְהִלָּחֵם כְּנֶגְדִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a thought of evil** to wage war against Me.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:11:1)

**עַל אֶרֶץ פְּרָזוֹת.** יוֹשְׁבֵי כְפָרִים מֵ**אֵין חוֹמָה**, שֶׁבּוֹטְחִים בְּמָעוּזָּם וְאֵינָם יְרֵאִים לְהִתְאַסֵּף אֶל עָרֵי מִבְצָר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**upon a land of open cities** [Heb. פְּרָזוֹת,] dwellers in villages without a wall, who trust in their might and are not [so] afraid as to gather into fortified cities.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:11:2)

**פְּרָזוֹת.** כְּמוֹ ״מֵעָרֵי הַפְּרָזִי״ (דברים ג:ה), מֵ**אֵין חוֹמָה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
פְּרָזוֹת is like (Deut. 3:5): “in addition to the very many open cities (עָרֵי הַפְרָזִי),” without a wall.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:11:3)

**אָבוֹא.** אֶל הַשּׁוֹקְטִים, וְאֶרְאֶה מָה הוּא מִבְטָחָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I shall come** to the tranquil ones and see what they trust in.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:12:1)

**לְהָשִׁיב יָדְךָ עַל חֳרָבוֹת נוֹשָׁבוֹת.** לְהַשְׁחִית שֵׁנִית אֶת הֶעָרִים, שֶׁהָיוּ חֲרֵבוֹת עַד הֵנָּה, וְעַכְשָׁיו נִתְיַשְּׁבוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to return your hand upon the resettled ruins** To destroy a second time the cities that were in ruins until now, and now have been settled.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:12:2)

**וְאֶל עַם מְאֻסָּף.** מֵעַמִּים הָעוֹשִׂים עַתָּה מִקְנֶה וְקִנְיָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and to a people gathered** from peoples, who now acquire livestock and possessions.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:3
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:12:3)

**עַל טַבּוּר הָאָרֶץ.** עַל גֹּבַהּ וְחֹזֶק הָאָרֶץ, כְּטַבּוּר זֶה, שֶׁהוּא אֶמְצָעִי שֶׁל אָדָם וּמְשֻׁפָּע מִכָּל צְדָדָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**on the navel of the earth** In the height and the strength of the earth, like the navel, which is in the center of a person and slopes downward from all its sides.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:13:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:13:1)

**וְכָל כְּפִירֶיהָ.** סוֹחֲרִים חֲרִיפִין שֶׁבָּהּ, הָרְגִילִין לָצֵאת וְלָשׁוּט כִּכְפִירִים בְּכָל הַמְּדִינוֹת, וְיוֹדְעִין אֵיזֶה מָקוֹם הָעֹשֶׁר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and all its magnates** [Heb. כְּפִירֶיהָ,] shrewd merchants therein, who are accustomed to roam, like young lions (כְּפִירִים), in all the countries and who know where the place of riches is.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:13:2
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:13:2)

**יֹאמְרוּ לְךָ הֲלִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל אַתָּה.** כְּלוֹמַר, מִי הִגִּיד לְךָ אֶת מְקוֹם הָעֹשֶׁר? הֲיָדַעְתָּ כִּי לְאֶרֶץ מְלֵאָה שָׁלָל וּבַז אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ, וְשָׁם בֶּאֱמֶת תִּמְצָא הוֹן עָתֵק (משלי ח:יח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Are you coming to take spoil** i.e., who told you the place of the riches? Did you know [for a fact] that you are going to a land full of spoil and loot, and that there you will really find powerful wealth?


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:14:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:14:1)

**תֵּדָע.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״תֵּדַע פּוּרְעָנוּת גְּבוּרְתִּי״; כְּלוֹמַר: תֵּדַע וְתַכִּיר מִי הוּא מָעוּזָם וּמִבְטָחָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**you will know** Jonathan renders: you will know the retribution of My might, i.e., you will know and recognize Who is their might and their stronghold.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:17:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:17:1)

**הַאַתָּה הוּא.** בְּאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים יֹאמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: **הַאַתָּה הוּא** אוֹתוֹ **אֲשֶׁר דִּבַּרְתִּי בְּיָמִים קַדְמוֹנִים בְּיַד עֲבָדַי נְבִיאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל**, כְּגוֹן יְחֶזְקֵאל וּזְכַרְיָה, שֶׁאַף הוּא נִתְנַבֵּא עַל מִלְחֲמוֹת גּוֹג וּמָגוֹג: ״וְאָסַפְתִּי אֶת כָּל הַגּוֹיִם וְגוֹ׳״ (זכריה יד:ב). וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (סנהדרין יז.): אֶלְדָּד וּמֵידָד הֵם נִתְנַבְּאוּ עָלָיו, וְזֶהוּ **שָׁנִים** הָאָמוּר כָּאן: אַל תִּיקְרֵי שָׁנִים אֶלָּא שְׁנַיִם (בפת״ח), שְׁנֵי נְבִיאִים נִתְנַבְּאוּ נְבוּאָה אַחַת בְּפֶרֶק אֶחָד (אֲבָל לֹא בְּסִגְנוֹן אֶחָד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Are you he** In those days, the Holy One, blessed be He, will say, “Are you the one about whom I spoke in ancient days through My servants, the prophets of Israel, e.g. Ezekiel and Zechariah?” For he [Zechariah] too prophesied about the wars of Gog and Magog (Zech. 14:2): “And I will gather all the nations, etc.” Our Sages said (Sanh. 17a): Eldad and Medad they [also] prophesied about it. That is the שָּׁנִים stated here. Do not read שָּׁנִים, years, but שְּׁנַיִם, two. Two prophets prophesied one prophecy at one time (though not in the same style of expression).


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:19:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:19:1)

**רַעַשׁ גָּדוֹל.** עַל יְדֵי קוֹלוֹת וּרְעָמִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a great noise** [Heb. רַעַשּׁ,] through noise and thunder, as he states.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:20:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:20:1)

**וְנָפְלוּ הַמַּדְרֵגוֹת.** אֲנִי שָׁמַעְתִּי שֶׁהֵם סְלָעִים הַזְּקוּפִים וּתְלוּיִים, וְנִרְאִים כְּנוֹפְלִים; וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: הֵם תִּלֵּי מִגְדָּלִים, שֶׁחוֹפְרִים סָבִיב וְזוֹרְקִים הֶעָפָר בָּאֶמְצַע לְהַגְבִּיהַּ הַתֵּל, וְעָשׂוּי מַדְרֵגוֹת מַדְרֵגוֹת – אֶשְׁקְלוֹנְ״שׁ בְּלַעַ״ז – כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד הֶעָפָר, וּלְאַחַר שֶׁנִּכְבַּשׁ יָפֶה, נוֹטְלִים הַמַּלְבֵּנִים מַעֲמִידֵי הַמַּדְרֵגָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the cliffs shall fall** [Heb. הַמַּדְרִגוֹת.] I heard that they are perpendicular hanging rocks, which appear to be falling, but I say that they are mounds of the towers, for they dig around and cast up the earth in the center to raise the mound, and it is made into steps, eschelons, eschillons in Old French, steps, in order that the earth remain, and after it is pressed down well, they remove the forms that hold up the step.


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:21:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:21:1)

**וְקָרָאתִי עָלָיו לְכָל הָרַי חֶרֶב.** לָבֹא חֶרֶב בָּהֶם עָלָיו, **וְקָרָאתִי** וְזִמַּנְתִּי. וּמַה הִיא הַחֶרֶב שֶׁאֶקְרָא עָלָיו? חַרְבָּם שֶׁל עַצְמָם, **חֶרֶב אִישׁ בְּאָחִיו**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I will call the sword against him upon all My mountains** for the sword to come upon them, against him. “And I will call” means, I will prepare. And what is the sword that I will call against him? Their own sword: “every man’s sword shall be against his brother.”


###### Rashi on Ezekiel 38:22:1
[Rashi on Ezekiel 38:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezekiel/r/38:22:1)

**וְאַבְנֵי אֶלְגָּבִישׁ.** אַבְנֵי בָּרָד הַמְּאִירוֹת כַּאֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת שֶׁשְּׁמָם גָּבִישׁ, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״רָאמוֹת וְגָבִישׁ״ (איוב כח:יח); וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (ברכות נד:): אֶל גַּב אִישׁ – אַבְנֵי בָּרָד שֶׁהִתְחִילוּ לָרֶדֶת עַל מִצְרַיִם, וְעָמְדוּ בָּאֲוִיר עַל גַּב הָאִישׁ מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁהִתְפַּלֵּל שֶׁלֹּא יֵרְדוּ, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לֹא נִתַּךְ אָרְצָה״ (שמות ט:לג) – לֹא הִגִּיעַ לָאָרֶץ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and great hailstones** Hailstones that glisten like precious stones named גָּבִישּׁ, crystal, as the matter is stated (Job 28:18): “Coral and crystal (וְגָּבִישּׁ).” Our Sages said (Ber. 54b): עַל גַב אִישּׁ: Hailstones that started to fall on Egypt, and stood in the air over the man (עַל גַב אִישּׁ), Moses, who prayed that they not fall, as the matter that is stated (Exod. 9:33), לֹא נִתַּךְ אַרְצָה “[it] did not reach the ground.”