## Rashi on Ezra Chapter 8

###### Rashi on Ezra 8:1:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:1:1)

**וְאֵלֶּה רָאשֵׁי אֲבוֹתֵיהֶם.** שֶׁל עוֹלִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And these are the heads of their fathers’ houses** of the immigrants.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:1:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:1:2)

**וְהִתְיַחְשָׂם.** אֶת יִחוּסָם אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ מִתְיַחֲשִׂים בָּהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the lineage** and their lineage to which they attributed their descent.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:1:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:1:3)

**אַרְתַּחְשַׁסְתְּא.** הוּא דָּרְיָוֶשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Artaxerxes** He is Darius.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:3:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:3:1)

**מִבְּנֵי שְׁכַנְיָה מִבְּנֵי פַרְעֹשׁ.** מִשְׁפָּחָה אַחַת הִיא, וְזְכַרְיָה הוּא רֹאשׁ הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Of the sons of Shechaniah, of the sons of Parosh** That is one family, and Zechariah was the head of the family.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:3:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:3:2)

**וְעִמּוֹ.** וְעִם יַחַס שֶׁלּוֹ הָיוּ מִתְיַחֲסִים הַזְּכָרִים שֶׁל מִשְׁפַּחְתּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and with him** With his lineage, the males of his family traced their lineage.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:6:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:6:1)

**עֶבֶד בֶּן יוֹנָתָן.** כָּךְ שְׁמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Ebed the son of Jonathan** That was his name.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:13:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:13:1)

**אַחֲרוֹנִים.** שֶׁהָיוּ אַחֲרוֹנִים לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי עֶזְרָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the last ones** who were the last ones to go after Ezra.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:15:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:15:1)

**אֶל הַנָּהָר הַבָּא.** אֶל הַנָּהָר הַנּוֹבֵעַ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to the flowing river** Heb. אֶל הַנָהָר הַבָּא, lit. to the coming river.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:15:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:15:2)

**אֶל אַהֲוָא.** אֶל אוֹתוֹ הַנָּהָר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to Ahava** to that river.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:15:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:15:3)

**וְנַחֲנֶה שָׁם.** וְהָיִינוּ חוֹנִים שָׁם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and we encamped there** and we were camping there.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:15:4
[Rashi on Ezra 8:15:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:15:4)

**וָאָבִינָה בָעָם.** נָתַתִּי לִבִּי לְהָבִין בָּעָם אֲשֶׁר נִקְבְּצוּ עִמִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I surveyed the people** I directed my attention to survey the people who had gathered with me.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:16:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:16:1)

**וָאֶשְׁלְחָה לֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר וְגוֹ׳.** רָאשִׁים, גְּדוֹלִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I sent to Eliezer...the heads** the great men.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:16:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:16:2)

**מְבִינִים.** חֲכָמִים הָיוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the wise men** Heb. מְבִינִים, lit. understanding. They were wise men.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:1)

**וָאֲצַוֶּה אוֹתָם וְגוֹ׳.** שְׁלַחְתִּים וְצִוִּיתִים לְדַבֵּר אֶל **אִדּוֹ** שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל וְחָשׁוּב אֲשֶׁר **בְּכָסִפְיָא**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I commanded them, etc.** I sent them and commanded them to speak to Iddo, who was the greatest and most esteemed in Casiphia.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:2)

**עַל אֲדוֹ.** אֶל **אֲדוֹ**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to Iddo** Heb. עַל אִדוֹ, lit. about Iddo.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:3)

**וָאָשִׂימָה בְּפִיהֶם.** שַׂמְתִּי בְּפִיהֶם דְּבָרִים לְדַבֵּר בִּשְׁלִיחוּתִי אֶל אִדּוֹ וְאֶחָיו שֶׁהֵם נְתוּנִים וּמְיֻשָּׁבִים בְּכָסִפְיָא לְהָבִיא לָנוּ מְשָׁרְתִים לַעֲבֹד בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I put...into their mouth** I put into their mouth words to speak as my emissary to Iddo and his brother, who were placed and settled in Casiphia, to bring us servants to serve in the Temple.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:4
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:4)

**בְּכָסִפְיָא.** שֵׁם מָקוֹם בְּבָבֶל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**in Casiphia** the name of a place in Babylon.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:5
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:5)

**אֶל אִדּוֹ אָחִיו.** שֵׁם אָדָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Ahiv** the name of a man.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:17:6
[Rashi on Ezra 8:17:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:17:6)

**הַנְּתוּנִים.** כְּמוֹ הַנְּתִינִים, וְעַל כֵּן נִכְתַּב בְּוָי״ו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who were settled** Heb. הַנְתִינִים, like הַנְתוּנִים, those who were settled. Therefore, it is written with a “vav.”


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:18:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:18:1)

**כְּיַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ.** כַּאֲשֶׁר הָיְתָה הַצְלָחָתוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עָלֵינוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**according to the hand of our God** just as the success of the Holy One, blessed be He, was upon us.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:18:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:18:2)

**אִישׁ שֶׂכֶל.** חָכָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a man of intellect** a wise man.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:18:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:18:3)

**מִבְּנֵי מַחְלִי וְגוֹ׳.** כֻּלָּם הַלָּלוּ לְוִיִּם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**of the sons of Mahli...** All these were Levites.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:20:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:20:1)

**וּמִן הַנְּתִינִים.** וּמִן הָעֲבָדִים נְתִינִים שֶׁנָּתַן דָּוִד הַמֶּלֶךְ וְשָׂרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עָלוּ עִמָּהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And of the Nethinites** And of the slaves, the Nethnites that King David had appointed, and the chefs of Israel ascended with them.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:21:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:21:1)

**לְהִתְעַנּוֹת.** לֵישֵׁב בְּתַעֲנִית:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to fast** Heb. לְהִתְעַנוֹת to fast.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:21:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:21:2)

**דֶּרֶךְ יְשָׁרָה.** שֶׁיּוֹלִיכֵנִי הַמָּקוֹם לְשָׁלוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a straight way** that the Omnipresent lead us in peace.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:22:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:22:1)

**כִּי בֹשְׁתִּי.** שֶׁהֲרֵי נִתְבַּיַּשְׁתִּי **מִן הַמֶּלֶךְ** שֶׁלֹּא רָצִיתִי **לִשְׁאֹל** לוֹ רֶכֶב **וּפָרָשִׁים** כְּדֵי לְתַיְּרֵנוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For I was ashamed** For I was ashamed of the king, and I did not wish to request of him chariots and horsemen in order to guide us.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:22:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:22:2)

**כִּי אָמַרְנוּ.** שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר אָמַרְנוּ אֶל דָּרְיָוֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵטִיב לִמְבַקְשָׁיו וְשׁוֹפֵךְ אַפּוֹ וַחֲמָתוֹ עַל עוֹזְבָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for we had said** For we had already said to King Darius that the Holy One, blessed be He, benefits those who seek Him and pours out His wrath and His anger upon those who forsake Him.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:23:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:23:1)

**וַיֵּעָתֵר לָנוּ.** וְקִבֵּל תְּפִלָּתֵינוּ שֶׁבָּאנוּ לִירוּשָׁלַיִם לְשָׁלוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and He accepted our prayer** for we arrived safely in Jerusalem.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:24:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:24:1)

**וָאַבְדִּילָה.** וְכַאֲשֶׁר הָיִיתִי שָׁם עַל נְהַר אַהֲוָא הִבְדַּלְתִּי מִשָּׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים וְשָׁקַלְתִּי לָהֶם הַכֶּסֶף וְהַזָּהָב לִיתֵּן בְּאוֹצְרוֹת בֵּית ה׳:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I separated** And when I was there by the river Ahava, I separated some of the chiefs of the priests and weighed out the silver and the gold for them to deposit into the treasuries of the House of the Lord.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:25:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:25:1)

**הַהֵרִימוּ.** אֲשֶׁר הֵרִימוּ הַנִּמְצָאִים בְּבָבֶל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**which...had offered** which those living in Babylon had offered.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:26:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:26:1)

**וּכְלֵי כֶסֶף מֵאָה לַכִּכָּרִים.** כִּכָּר בְּכָל כְּלִי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and one hundred silver vessels by talents** one talent for each vessel.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:1)

**וּכְפוֹרֵי.** מִזְרָקִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And...sprinkling bowls** bowls for sprinkling [the blood of the sacrifices].


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:2)

**לַאֲדַרְכֹּנִים אָלֶף.** מִין מַטְבֵּעַ, אֶלֶף דַּרְכּוֹנִים הָיוּ בְּעֶשְׂרִים **כְּפֹרֵי זָהָב** הַלָּלוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**of one thousand darics** a type of coin. There were one thousand darics in these twenty sprinkling bowls of gold.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:3)

**מֻצְהָב.** מִשֶּׁל נְחֹשֶׁת מֻצְהָב, (אוֹ) מִין מַטְבֵּעַ שֶׁל נְחֹשֶׁת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**golden** of golden copper (or) a type of copper coin.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:4
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:4)

**טוֹבָה.** לְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה קוֹרֵא לַנְּחֹשֶׁת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**fine** Heb. טוֹבָה, the feminine form, modifying copper (נְחֹשֶּׁת).


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:5
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:5)

**שְׁנַיִם.** שְׁנֵי כֵלִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**two** two vessels.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:27:6
[Rashi on Ezra 8:27:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:27:6)

**חֲמוּדוֹת כַּזָּהָב.** הַכֵּלִים קוֹרֵא חֲמוּדוֹת בִּלְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**precious as gold** Heb. חֲמוּדוֹת כַּזָהָב. He calls the vessels חֲמוּדוֹת in the feminine form.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:28:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:28:1)

**אֲלֵיהֶם.** לְאוֹתָן שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to them** to these chiefs of the priests.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:29:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:29:1)

**הַלִּשְׁכוֹת בֵּית ה׳.** כְּדֵי לִיתֵּן בַּלִּשְׁכוֹת הַבַּיִת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the chambers of the House of the Lord** in order to deposit them in the chambers of the Temple.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:31:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:31:1)

**בִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר לַחֹדֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן.** בִּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר לְנִיסָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**on the twelfth of the first month** on the twelfth of Nissan


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:31:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:31:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:31:2)

**וְיַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָיְתָה עָלֵינוּ.** לְהַצְלִיחֵנוּ עַל הַדֶּרֶךְ אֲשֶׁר הָלַכְנוּ עָלֶיהָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the hand of our God was upon us** to cause us to succeed in the way that we traversed.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:34:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:34:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:34:1)

**בְּמִסְפָּר בְּמִשְׁקָל לַכֹּל.** מִסְפַּר הַכֵּלִים וּמִשְׁקָלָם כַּאֲשֶׁר קִבְּלוּהוּ כָּךְ הָיָה נִשְׁקָל כֻּלּוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר פְּרָעוּהוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Everything was counted and weighed** The number of the vessels and their weights was the same when they received them as when they itemized them.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:35:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:35:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:35:1)

**הַבָּאִים מֵהַשְּׁבִי בְּנֵי הַגּוֹלָה.** הַלָּלוּ אֲשֶׁר בָּאוּ עִם עֶזְרָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Those coming from captivity, the people of the exile** those who came with Ezra.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:35:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:35:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:35:2)

**הִקְרִיבוּ עוֹלוֹת.** הַכֹּל עוֹלָה, וְהוֹרָאַת שָׁעָה הָיְתָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**offered up burnt offerings** all were burnt offerings, and it was a temporary ruling.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:36:1
[Rashi on Ezra 8:36:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:36:1)

**וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶת דָּתֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ.** הַלָּלוּ עוֹלֵי גוֹלָה סִפְּרוּ מִצְוַת דָּרְיָוֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ לִגְדוֹלֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ רוֹאֵי פָנָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And they gave the king’s decrees** These returnees from exile related King Darius’s mandate to the officers of the king, those who see his face.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:36:2
[Rashi on Ezra 8:36:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:36:2)

**וּפַחֲווֹת.** כְּמוֹ וּפַחוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the governors** Heb. וּפַחֲווֹת, like וְפַחוֹת.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:36:3
[Rashi on Ezra 8:36:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:36:3)

**עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר.** אוֹתָן שֶׁל צַד אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵן בְּעֵבֶר הַנָּהָר לְיוֹשְׁבֵי בָּבֶל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the land beyond the river** those on the side of the land of Israel, who are considered as being beyond the river of the inhabitants of Babylon.


###### Rashi on Ezra 8:36:4
[Rashi on Ezra 8:36:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ezra/r/8:36:4)

**וְנָשְׂאוּ.** שֶׁהָיוּ מְנַשְּׂאִין וּמְסַיְּעִין:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and they exalted** They were exalting and assisting.