## Rashi on Genesis Chapter 48

###### Rashi on Genesis 48:1:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:1:1)

**ויאמר ליוסף.** אֶחָד מִן הַמַּגִּידִים, וַהֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא קָצָר; וְיֵ"אֹ, אֶפְרַיִם הָיָה רָגִיל לִפְנֵי יַעֲקֹב בְּתַלְמוּד, וּכְשֶׁחָלָה יַעֲקֹב בְּאֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן, הָלַךְ אֶפְרַיִם אֵצֶל אָבִיו לְמִצְרַיִם לְהַגִּיד לוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויאמר ליוסף literally, HE SAID TO JOSEPH — “he” means one of the messengers: it is an elliptical phrase. Some say, that Ephraim was regularly with Jacob for study and when Jacob became ill in the land of Goshen Ephraim went to his father in Egypt and reported it to him (Tanchuma 1:12:6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:1:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:1:2)

**ויקח את שני בניו עמו.** כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּבָרְכֵם יַעֲקֹב לִפְנֵי מוֹתוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויקח את שני בניו עמו AND HE TOOK HIS TWO SONS WITH HIM — so that Jacob would bless them before his death.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:2:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:2:1)

**ויגד.** הַמַּגִּיד לְיַעֲקֹב, וְלֹא פֵּרֵשׁ מִי; וְהַרְבֵּה מִקְרָאוֹת קִצְרֵי לָשׁוֹן:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויגד literally, AND HE TOLD — “he” means the messenger whoever it was — TO JACOB. It does not state plainly who told it; there are many such elliptical verses


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:2:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:2:2)

**ויתחזק ישראל.** אָמַר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא בְּנִי, מֶלֶךְ הוּא, אֶחֱלֹק לוֹ כָּבוֹד; מִכָּאן שֶׁחוֹלְקִין כָּבוֹד לַמַּלְכוּת, וְכֵן מֹשֶׁה חָלַק כָּבוֹד לַמַּלְכוּת – וְיָרְדוּ כָל עֲבָדֶיךָ אֵלֶּה אֵלַי (שמות י"א); וְכֵן אֵלִיָּהוּ, וַיְשַׁנֵּס מָתְנָיו וְגוֹ' (מלכים א י"ח):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויתחזק ישראל AND ISRAEL STRENGTHENED HIMSELF — he said, “Although he is my son, he is a king, and I will do honour to him” (Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 6). From this we may infer that we must show honour to a person of royal rank (Cf. Menachot 98a). Similarly, Moses showed honour to the king when he said, (Exodus 11:8) “And all these, thy servants, shall come down to me” (which was only a polite way of saying. “Thou, thyself, wilt be forced to come down to me”); so, too, did Elijah: (1 Kings 18:46) “and he girded up his loins [and ran before Ahab] etc.” (Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 7)


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:4:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:4:1)

**ונתתיך לקהל עמים.** בִּשְּׂרַנִי שֶׁעֲתִידִים לָצֵאת מִמֶּנִּי עוֹד קָהָל וְעַמִּים, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לִי גּוֹי וּקְהַל גּוֹיִם, גּוֹי אָמַר לִי עַל בִּנְיָמִין; קְהַל גּוֹיִם – הֲרֵי שְׁנַיִם לְבַד מִבִּנְיָמִין, וְשׁוּב לֹא נוֹלַד לִי בֵּן, לִמְּדַנִי שֶׁעָתִיד אֶחָד מִשְּׁבָטַי לְהֵחָלֵק, וְעַתָּה אוֹתָהּ מַתָּנָה אֲנִי נוֹתֵן לְךָ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ונתתיך לקהל עמים AND I WILL MAKE OF THEE AN ASSEMBLY OF PEOPLES — He announced to me that there were yet to issue from me an assembly of peoples (i.e. at least two more tribes). Now, it is true that He then said to me, (Genesis 35:11) “A nation and an assembly of nations [shall be of thee]”, but when He said “a nation” He intended it to refer to Benjamin who was not yet born, and this promise of “a nation” has been fulfilled by the birth of Benjamin, and for that reason I do not mention it now. “An assembly of nations [shall be of thee]”, however, presupposes that two more would descend from me besides Benjamin. Consequently, since no other son besides Benjamin was born to me, He was really telling me that one of my tribes (i.e. the tribe formed by one of my sons) would be divided so as to constitute at least two tribes, thus giving that son more importance, and that privilege I confer upon you (Genesis Rabbah 82:4; Pesikta Rabbati 3).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:5:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:5:1)

**הנולדים לך, עד באי אליך.** לִפְנֵי בּוֹאִי אֵלֶיךָ, כְּלוֹמַר, שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ מִשֶּׁפֵּרַשְׁתָּ מִמֶּנִּי עַד שֶׁבָּאתִי אֶצְלְךָ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
הנולדים לך עד באי אליך literally, WHO WERE BORN TO THEE . . . UNTIL I CAME TO THEE, i.e. before I came to thee. It signifies as much as: WHO WERE BORN from the time when you left me UNTIL THE TIME WHEN I CAME TO YOU. לי הם THEY SHALL BE MINE — they shall be counted amongst my other sons, to receive a portion in the Land each for himself (i.e. each to have his own territory exactly as each of my other sons has).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:5:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:5:2)

**לי הם.** בְּחֶשְׁבּוֹן שְׁאָר בָּנַי הֵם, לִטֹּל חֵלֶק בָּאָרֶץ אִישׁ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
לי הם THEY SHALL BE MINE — they shall be counted amongst my other sons, to receive a portion in the Land each for himself (i.e. each to have his own territory exactly as each of my other sons has).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:6:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:6:1)

**ומולדתך וגו'.** אִם תּוֹלִיד עוֹד, לֹא יִהְיוּ בְּמִנְיַן בָּנַי, אֶלָּא בְּתוֹךְ שִׁבְטֵי אֶפְרַיִם וּמְנַשֶּׁה יִהְיוּ נִכְלָלִים, וְלֹא יְהֵא לָהֶם שֵׁם בַּשְּׁבָטִים לְעִנְיַן הַנַּחֲלָה; וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה הָאָרֶץ לְמִנְיַן גֻּלְגְּלוֹתָם, כְּדִכְתִיב לָרַב תַּרְבֶּה נַחֲלָתוֹ (במדבר כ"ו), וְכָל אִישׁ וְאִישׁ נָטַל בְּשָׁוֶה חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹרוֹת, מִכָּל מָקוֹם לֹא נִקְרְאוּ שְׁבָטִים אֶלָּא אֵלּוּ, (לְהַטִּיל גּוֹרַל הָאָרֶץ לְמִנְיַן שְׁמוֹת הַשְּׁבָטִים וְנָשִׂיא לְכָל שֵׁבֶט וָשֵׁבֶט וּדְגָלִים לָזֶה וְלָזֶה):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
Although the Land was divided according to the number of heads — as it is written, (Numbers 26:54) “To the more numerous thou shalt give a larger inheritance” — and each person had an equal share except those who were first-born sons (and these received a double share), yet only these of Joseph’s sons bore the name of “tribe” when it became a matter of casting lots for the partition of the land according to the number of the tribes (cf. Numbers 26:55), and of appointing princes to the various tribes and of assigning banners to each of them.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:7:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:7:1)

**ואני בבאי מפדן וגו'.** וְאַעַ"פִּ שֶׁאֲנִי מַטְרִיחַ עָלֶיךָ לְהוֹלִיכֵנִי לְהִקָּבֵר בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן, וְלֹא כָךְ עָשִׂיתִי לְאִמְּךָ, שֶׁהֲרֵי מֵתָה סָמוּךְ לְבֵית לֶחֶם:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
'ואני בבאי מפדן וגו AND AS FOR ME, WHEN I CAME FROM PADAN etc. — “And although I trouble you to take me for burial into the land of Canaan and I did not do this for your mother (i.e., I did not take the trouble to bury her in a place other than that in which she died, which was by the road-side) which I might easily have done since she died quite close to Bethlehem”.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:7:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:7:2)

**כברת ארץ.** מִדַּת אֶרֶץ, וְהֵם אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה כְּמִדַּת תְּחוּם שַׁבָּת, כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי מֹשֶׁה הַדַּרְשָׁן – וְלֹא תֹאמַר שֶׁעִכְּבוּ עָלַי גְּשָׁמִים מִלְּהוֹלִיכָהּ וּלְקָבְרָהּ בְּחֶבְרוֹן, עֵת הַגָּרִיד הָיָה, שֶׁהָאָרֶץ חֲלוּלָה וּמְנֻקֶּבֶת כִּכְבָרָה:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
כברת ארץ is a measure of land equal to 2000 cubits which is the extent of a Sabbath day’s journey. This is according to the statement of R. Moses the Expositor. — “Do not imagine that it was the rains which prevented me from bringing her to Hebron for burial. It was the dry season when the ground is riddled and full of holes like a sieve (כברה).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:7:3
[Rashi on Genesis 48:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:7:3)

**אקברה שם.** וְלֹא הוֹלַכְתִּיהָ אֲפִלּוּ לְבֵית לֶחֶם לְהַכְנִיסָהּ לָאָרֶץ, וְיָדַעְתִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּלִבְּךָ עָלַי; אֲבָל דַּע לְךָ שֶׁעַל פִּי הַדִּבּוּר קְבַרְתִּיהָ שָׁם, שֶׁתְּהֵא לְעֶזְרָה לְבָנֶיהָ כְּשֶׁיַּגְלֶה אוֹתָם נְבוּזַרְאֲדָן, וְהָיוּ עוֹבְרִים דֶּרֶךְ שָׁם, יוֹצֵאת רָחֵל עַל קִבְרָהּ וּבוֹכָה וּמְבַקֶּשֶׁת עֲלֵיהֶם רַחֲמִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר קוֹל בְּרָמָה נִשְׁמָע וְגוֹ' וְהַקָּבָּ"ה מְשִׁיבָהּ יֵשׁ שָׂכָר לִפְעֻלָּתֵךְ נְאֻם ה' וְשָׁבוּ בָנִים לִגְבוּלָם (ירמיהו ל"א). וְאֻנְקְלוֹס תִּרְגֵּם כְּרוּב אַרְעָא – כְּדֵי שִׁעוּר חֲרִישַׁת יוֹם; וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי, שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם קֶצֶב שֶׁהָיוּ קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ כְּדֵי מַחֲרֵשָׁה אַחַת, קורדיי"א בְּלַעַז, כִּדְאָמְרִינַן כָּרֵיב וְתָנֵי; כְּמָה דְּמַסִּיק תַּעֲלָא מִבֵּי כַּרְבָּא:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ואקברה שם AND I BURIED HER THERE and did not carry her even the short distance to Bethlehem to bring her into a city. I know that in your heart you feel some resentment against me. Know, however, that I buried her there by the command of God”. And the future proved that God had commanded him to do this in order that she might help her children when Nebuzaradan would take them into captivity. For when they were passing along that road Rachel came forth from her grave and stood by her tomb weeping and beseeching mercy for them, as it is said, (Jeremiah 31:15) “A voice is heard in Rama, [the sound of weeping … Rachel weeping for her children]”, and the Holy One, blessed be He, replied to her (v. 16) “There is a reward for thy work, says the Lord etc. (v. 17) for thy children will return to their own border”. Onkelos translated it (כברת ארץ) by כרוב ארעא which is a full measure of one day’s ploughing. I am of opinion that they had a definite measure which they called “one full furrow”; old French cordié. So we say, (Bava Metzia 107a) “He ploughs (כריב) and ploughs again”, and (Yoma 43b) “as much earth as a fox carries on its feet from a ploughed field (בי כרבא).”


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:8:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:8:1)

**וירא ישראל את בני יוסף.** בִּקֵּשׁ לְבָרְכָם וְנִסְתַּלְּקָה שְׁכִינָה מִמֶּנּוּ, לְפִי שֶׁעָתִיד יָרָבְעָם וְאַחְאָב לָצֵאת מֵאֶפְרַיִם וְיֵהוּא וּבָנָיו מִמְּנַשֶּׁה:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
וירא ישראל את בני יוסף AND ISRAEL SAW JOSEPH’S SONS — he wished to bless them but the Divine Presence departed from him because he saw that from Ephraim would be born the wicked kings Jeroboam and Ahab, and from Manasseh Jehu and his sous (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:8:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:8:2)

**ויאמר מי אלה.** מֵהֵיכָן יָצְאוּ אֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לִבְרָכָה:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויאמר מי אלה AND HE SAID “WHO ARE THESE?” — Whence come these who are unfitted for blessing?


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:9:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:9:1)

**בזה.** הֶרְאָה לוֹ שְׁטָר אֵרוּסִין וּשְׁטָר כְּתֻבָּה, וּבִקֵּשׁ יוֹסֵף רַחֲמִים עַל הַדָּבָר, וְנָחָה עָלָיו רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
בָּזֶה IN THIS PLACE (literally, by this, or by means of this) — He showed him the contract of betrothal and the contract of marriage (evidence that their mother had adopted the faith of Israel, and that his and her offspring were of their faith) and Joseph prayed to God about the matter and the Holy Spirit again rested upon him (Jacob) (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:9:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:9:2)

**ויאמר קחם נא אלי ואברכם.** זֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב וְאָנֹכִי תִרְגַּלְתִּי לְאֶפְרַיִם קָחָם עַל זְרוֹעֹתָיו (הושע י"א) – תִּרְגַּלְתִּי רוּחִי בְּיַעֲקֹב בִּשְׁבִיל אֶפְרַיִם עַד שֶׁלְּקָחָן עַל זְרוֹעוֹתָיו:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויאמר קחם נא אלי ואברכם AND HE SAID, BRING THEM, I PRAY THEE, UNTO ME, AND I WILL BLESS THEM — It is to this that the text alludes, (Hosea 11:3) “And I, תרגלתי לאפרים taking them (קחם) upon his arms”, meaning, I made My Spirit once again a familiar thing (תרגלתי) in Jacob for Ephraim’s sake until he took them (him and Manasseh) upon his arms (cf. Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:11:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:11:1)

**לא פללתי.** לֹא מְלָאַנִי לִבִּי לַחֲשֹׁב מַחֲשָׁבָה שֶׁאֶרְאֶה פָנֶיךָ עוֹד. **פללתי** לְשׁוֹן מַחֲשָׁבָה, כְּמוֹ הָבִיאִי עֵצָה עֲשׂוּ פְלִילָה (ישעיהו ט"ז ג'):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
לא פללתי I HAD NOT CONTEMPLATED — I had never dared to cherish the thought that I would again see your face. פללתי is an expression for thinking, like the noun in (Isaiah 16:3) “Give counsel, carry out the thought (פלילה)”.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:12:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:12:1)

**ויוצא יוסף אתם.** לְאַחַר שֶׁנְּשָׁקָם הוֹצִיאָם יוֹסֵף מֵעִם בִּרְכָּיו, כְּדֵי לְיַשְּׁבָם זֶה לַיָּמִין וְזֶה לַשְּׂמֹאל לִסְמֹךְ יָדָיו עֲלֵיהֶם וּלְבָרְכָם:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויוצא יוסף אתם AND JOSEPH BROUGHT THEM OUT — After he (Jacob) had kissed them, Joseph brought them out from between his knees in order to place them one at the right and the other on the left in order that Jacob might thus lay his hands upon them and bless them


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:12:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:12:2)

**וישתחו לאפיו.** כְּשֶׁחָזַר לַאֲחוֹרָיו מִלִּפְנֵי אָבִיו:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
וישתחו לאפיו AND HE PROSTRATED HIMSELF BEFORE HIS FACE — after he had stepped backwards from before his father.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:13:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:13:1)

**את אפרים בימינו משמאל ישראל.** הַבָּא לִקְרַאת חֲבֵרוֹ, יְמִינוֹ כְּנֶגֶד שְׂמֹאל חֲבֵרוֹ, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהוּא הַבְּכוֹר, מְיֻמָּן לִבְרָכָה:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
את אפרים בימינו משמאל ישראל EPHRAIM ON HIS RIGHT HAND TOWARDS ISRAEL’S LEFT — If one is moving towards another person his right hand is opposite the other’s left. Now since he (Manasseh) was the first-born he was marked out for the blessing and should have been placed at Jacob’s right hand.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:14:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:14:1)

**שכל את ידיו.** כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ, אַחְכִּימִינוּן – בְּהַשְׂכֵּל וְחָכְמָה הִשְׂכִּיל אֶת יָדָיו לְכָךְ וּמִדַּעַת, כִּי יוֹדֵעַ הָיָה כִּי מְנַשֶּׁה הַבְּכוֹר וְאַעַ"פִּ כֵן לֹא שָׁת יְמִינוֹ עָלָיו:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
שכל את ידיו PLACING HIS HANDS DESIGNEDLY — Understand this as the Targum renders it: אחכמינון he put wisdom into them (viz., into his hands), meaning designedly and wisely he moved his hands for this purpose, intelligently and with full knowledge, for he knew that Manasseh was the first-born and yet he did not place his right hand upon him.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:16:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:16:1)

**המלאך הגאל אתי.** מַלְאָךְ הָרָגִיל לְהִשְׁתַּלֵּחַ אֵלַי בְּצָרָתִי; כָּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלַי מַלְאַךְ הָאֱלֹהִים בַּחֲלוֹם יַעֲקֹב וְגוֹ' אָנֹכִי הָאֵל בֵּית אֵל (בראשית ל"א):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
המלאך הגאל אתי THE ANGEL REDEEMING ME — The angel who was usually sent to me in my trouble, as it is said, (Genesis 31:11) “And the angel of God said unto me in the dream: Jacob etc. … (Genesis 31:13), I am the God of Beth-el.”


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:16:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:16:2)

**יברך את הנערים.** מְנַשֶּׁה וְאֶפְרַיִם:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
יברך את הנערים SHALL BLESS THE LADS — viz, Manasseh and Ephraim.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:16:3
[Rashi on Genesis 48:16:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:16:3)

**וידגו.** כַּדָּגִים הַלָּלוּ שֶׁפָּרִים וְרָבִים וְאֵין עַיִן הָרָע שׁוֹלֶטֶת בָּהֶם:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
וידגו AND LET THEM INCREASE — like fishes (דגים) which are fruitful and which multiply and which the evil eye cannot effect (Berakhot 20a).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:17:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:17:1)

**ויתמך יד אביו.** הֵרִימָהּ מֵעַל רֹאשׁ בְּנוֹ וּתְמָכָהּ בְּיָדוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ויתמך יד אביו; HE HELD UP HIS FATHER’S HAND — He lifted it up from his son’s head and upheld it in his hand to remove it etc.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:19:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:19:1)

**ידעתי בני ידעתי.** שֶׁהוּא הַבְּכוֹר:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ידעתי בני ידעתי I KNOW IT, MY SON, I KNOW that he is the first-born.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:19:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:19:2)

**גם הוא יהיה לעם וגם הוא יגדל.** שֶׁעָתִיד גִּדְעוֹן לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁהַקָּבָּ"ה עוֹשֶׂה נֵס עַל יָדוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
גם הוא יהיה לעם וגם הוא יגדל HE ALSO SHALL BECOME A PEOPLE, AND HE ALSO SHALL BE GREAT, for of him will be born Gideon through whom the Holy One, blessed be He, will perform a miracle (See Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:19:3
[Rashi on Genesis 48:19:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:19:3)

**ואולם אחיו הקטן יגדל ממנו.** שֶׁעָתִיד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁיַּנְחִיל אֶת הָאָרֶץ וִילַמֵּד תּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ואולם אחיו הקטן יגדל ממנו BUT TRULY HIS YOUNGER BROTHER SHALL BE GREATER THAN HE — for of him will be born Joshua who will make Israel inherit the land of Canaan and will instruct them in the Torah (Midrash Tanchuma, Vayechi 6).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:19:4
[Rashi on Genesis 48:19:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:19:4)

**וזרעו יהיה מלא הגוים.** כָּל הָעוֹלָם יִתְמַלֵּא בְּצֵאת שָׁמְעוֹ וּשְׁמוֹ כְּשֶׁיַּעֲמִיד חַמָּה בְּגִבְעוֹן וְיָרֵחַ בְּעֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
וזרעו יהיה מלא הגוים AND HIS SEED SHALL BECOME A MULTITUDE OF NATIONS (more lit, shall fill the nations) — the fame and renown of his seed, Joshua, will spread abroad and fill the whole world when he will make the sun stand still upon Gibeon and the moon in the valley of Aijalon (Avodah Zarah 25a).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:20:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:20:1)

**בך יברך ישראל.** הַבָּא לְבָרֵךְ אֶת בָּנָיו יְבָרְכֵם בְּבִרְכָתָם וְיֹאמַר אִישׁ לִבְנוֹ יְשִׂימְךָ אֱלֹהִים כְּאֶפְרַיִם וְכִמְנַשֶּׁה:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
בך יברך ישראל IN THEE SHALL ISRAEL BLESS — When one wishes to bless his sons he will bless them by reciting the formula with which they were blessed — a man will say to his son, “God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh.”


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:20:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:20:2)

**וישם את אפרים.** בְּבִרְכָתוֹ לִפְנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה, לְהַקְדִּימוֹ בִּדְגָלִים וּבַחֲנֻכַּת הַנְּשִׂיאִים:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
וישם את אפרים AND HE PUT EPHRAIM etc. — i.e. in the blessing he bestowed upon them he put Ephraim’s name before that of Manasseh, so giving him precedence over his brother when the Israelites encamped and marched beneath their banners in the wilderness (cf. Numbers 2:18 and Numbers 10:22), and when at the dedication of the altar by the princes of the tribes each brought his gifts (cf. Numbers 7:48 Numbers 7:54). (see Genesis Rabbah 97:5).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:22:1
[Rashi on Genesis 48:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:22:1)

**ואני נתתי לך.** לְפִי שֶׁאַתָּה טוֹרֵחַ לְהִתְעַסֵּק בִּקְבוּרָתִי, וְגַם אֲנִי נָתַתִּי לְךָ נַחֲלָה שֶׁתִּקָּבֵר בָּהּ, וְאֵי זוֹ? זוֹ שְׁכֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, וְאֶת עַצְמוֹת יוֹסֵף אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלוּ מִמִּצְרַיִם קָבְרוּ בִשְׁכֶם (יהושע כ"ד):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
ואני נתתי לך MOREOVER I HAVE GIVEN TO THEE — Because you will take the trouble to engage in my burial “I” give you an inheritance in which you will be buried. And which was this? Shechem, as it is said, (Joshua 24:32) “And the bones of Joseph which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem”.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:22:2
[Rashi on Genesis 48:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:22:2)

**שכם אחד על אחיך.** שְׁכֶם מַמָּשׁ, הִיא תִּהְיֶה לְךָ חֵלֶק אֶחָד יְתֵרָה עַל אַחֶיךָ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
שכם אחד על אחיך Jacob meant by the word שכם the actual city of Shechem and said: this shall be to you one portion additional to what you will receive together with your brothers.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:22:3
[Rashi on Genesis 48:22:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:22:3)

**בחרבי ובקשתי.** כְּשֶׁהָרְגוּ שִׁמְעוֹן וְלֵוִי אֶת אַנְשֵׁי שְׁכֶם נִתְכַּנְּסוּ כָּל סְבִיבוֹתֵיהֶם לְהִזְדַּוֵּג לָהֶם, וְחָגַר יַעֲקֹב כְּלֵי מִלְחָמָה כְּנֶגְדָּן; דָּבָר אַחֵר שְׁכֶם אַחַד הוּא הַבְּכוֹרָה, שֶׁיִּטְּלוּ בָנָיו שְׁנֵי חֲלָקִים, וּשְׁכֶם לְשׁוֹן חֵלֶק הוּא, וְהַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ לוֹ דּוֹמִים בַּמִּקְרָא כִּי תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שֶׁכֶם (תהילים כ"א) – תָּשִׁית שׂוֹנְאַי לְפָנַי לַחֲלָקִים; אֲחַלְּקָה שְׁכֶם (שם ס'), דֶּרֶךְ יְרַצְּחוּ שֶׁכְמָה (הושע ו') – אִישׁ חֶלְקוֹ; לְעָבְדוֹ שְׁכֶם אֶחָד (צפניה ג'):

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
בחרבי ובקשתי WITH MY SWORD AND WITH MY BOW — When Simeon and Levi slew the inhabitants of Shechem all the surrounding nations gathered together to join in battle against them and Jacob girded on his weapons to war against them (cf. Genesis Rabbah 80:10) Another explanation of this verse: שכם אחד ONE PORTION [ABOVE THY BRETHREN] — this refers to the birthright (Genesis Rabbah 97:6): that Joseph’s children should receive two portions when Canaan would be divided amongst the tribes (cf. Deuteronomy 60:17; Joseph therefore was to be regarded as the first-born). The word שכם signifies portion. “For thou wilt make them שכם” i.e. thou wilt place my enemies before me in portions (thou wilt scatter them before me); (Deuteronomy 60:8) “I will divide שכם the portion”; (Hosea 6:9) “on the way they murder שכמה” i.e. each man kills someone as his own portion; (Zephaniah 3:9) “to serve him as though they were all but one portion (שכם)” i.e. to serve him unitedly.


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:22:4
[Rashi on Genesis 48:22:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:22:4)

**אשר לקחתי מיד האמרי.** מִיַּד עֵשָׂו, שֶׁעָשָׂה מַעֲשֵׂה אֱמוֹרִי. דָּבָר אַחֵר שֶׁהָיָה צָד אָבִיו בְּאִמְרֵי פִיו:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
אשר לקחתי מיד האמרי WHICH I TOOK OUT OF THE HAND OF THE AMORITE—out of the hand of Esau whose deeds were like those of an Amorite (Genesis Rabbah 97:6). Another interpretation of אמורי in reference to Esau is: he used to ensnare his father by the words (אמרי) of his mouth (cf. Rashi on Genesis 25:7).


###### Rashi on Genesis 48:22:5
[Rashi on Genesis 48:22:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Genesis/r/48:22:5)

**בחרבי ובקשתי.** הִיא חָכְמָתוֹ וּתְפִלָּתוֹ:

**Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934:**
בחרבי ובקשתי that is, by means of his spiritual weapons: his wisdom and his prayer (“בַּקָשָׁתִי” cf. The Targumim and Bava Batra 123a).