## Rashi on Hosea Chapter 11 ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:1:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:1:1) **וּמִמִּצְרַיִם קָרָאתִי לִבְנִי.** עַל יְדֵי נְבִיאַי לְהִדָּבֵק בְּתוֹרָתִי, וְהֵם מֶה עָשׂוּ (שמות ד:כב): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and from Egypt I called My son** through My prophets to cleave to My Torah. But what did they do?... ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:2:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:2:1) **קָרְאוּ לָהֶם כֵּן הָלְכוּ מִפְּנֵיהֶם.** כָּל מַה שֶׁהַנְּבִיאִים קוֹרְאִים לָהֶם לְלַמְּדָם דֶּרֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה, כֵּן הֵם הָפְכוּ עֹרֶף לִבְרֹחַ מִפְּנֵיהֶם: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **The more they called to them, the more they went away from them** As much as the prophets call to teach them the good way, so did they turn their backs to run away from them. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:2:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:2:2) **לַבְּעָלִים יְזַבֵּחוּ.** דֶּרֶךְ הַמִּקְרָא לְדַבֵּר כֵּן, כְּמוֹ ״כְּרֻבָּם כֵּן חָטְאוּ לִי״ (הושע ד:ז), וְ״כַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אוֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה״ (שמות א:יב): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and they would slaughter sacrifices to the baalim.** It is customary for Scripture to speak in this manner. Comp. (above 4:7) “The more they have increased, the more they have sinned against Me”; (Ex. 1:12) “And the more they afflicted them, the more they increased.” ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:3:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:3:1) **וְאָנֹכִי תִרְגַּלְתִּי לְאֶפְרַיִם קָחָם וגו׳.** שָׁלַחְתִּי לִפְנֵיהֶם מַנְהִיג הַמַּרְגִּילָם בְּנַחַת (שמות יג:כא): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **But I sent to train Ephraim, he took them etc.** I sent a leader before them who would train them gently. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:3:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:3:2) **קָחָם עַל זְרוֹעֹתָיו.** זֶה מֹשֶׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (במדבר יא:יב): ״כַּאֲשֶׁר יִשָּׂא הָאוֹמֵן אֶת הַיּוֹנֵק״: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **he took them on his arms** This is Moses, concerning whom it is stated (Num. 11:12): “As the nursing father carries the sucking child.” ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:3:3 [Rashi on Hosea 11:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:3:3) **תִרְגַּלְתִּי.** כְּמוֹ ׳הִרְגַּלְתִּי׳, וְאֵין לוֹ דִּמְיוֹן: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** The form תִּרְגַּלְתִּי is like הִרגַּלְתִּי, I trained, or accustomed, and there is no similar form in Scripture. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:3:4 [Rashi on Hosea 11:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:3:4) **וְלֹא יָדְעוּ כִּי רְפָאתִים.** יוֹדְעִין הָיוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁדָּשׁוּ בְּעָקֵב, עָשׂוּ עַצְמָם כְּלֹא יוֹדְעִים. וְאַגָּדָה בְּמִדְרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא (תנחומא, ויחי ו) דָּרְשׁוּ כְּלַפֵּי בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף: כְּשֶׁהֱבִיאָם לִפְנֵי יַעֲקֹב לְבָרְכָם, רָאָה יַעֲקֹב רְשָׁעִים עֲתִידִים לָצֵאת מֵאֶפְרַיִם – יָרָבְעָם וְאַחְאָב, וְנִסְתַּלְּקָה מִמֶּנּוּ רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ, ״וַיֹּאמֶר מִי אֵלֶּה״ (בראשית מח:ח). בִּקֵּשׁ יוֹסֵף רַחֲמִים וְשָׁרְתָה רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ עַל יַעֲקֹב וּבֵרְכָם. זֶהוּ **וְאָנֹכִי תִרְגַּלְתִּי** רוּחִי עַל יַעֲקֹב לְצֹרֶךְ אֶפְרַיִם, **וְלָקְחָם עַל זְרוֹעוֹתָיו**: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **but they did not know that I healed them** They, in fact, knew, but they trod with their heels; they pretended not to know. The Aggadah in the Midrash of Rabbi Tanhuma (Gen. 48:1) expounds it in reference to the sons of Joseph. When he brought them before Jacob to bless them, Jacob perceived wicked men destined to come from Ephraim, viz. Jeroboam and Ahab, and the Holy Spirit left him, “and he said: Who are these?” Joseph prayed for mercy, and the Holy Spirit rested on Jacob and he blessed them. This is the meaning of: And I trained My spirit upon Jacob for Ephraim’s benefit, and he took them on his arms. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:4:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:4:1) **בְּחַבְלֵי אָדָם.** הָיִיתִי מוֹשְׁכָם תָּמִיד בַּחֲבָלִים רַכִּים אֲשֶׁר יִמְשֹׁךְ בָּהֶם אָדָם אֶת בְּנוֹ, כְּלוֹמַר בִּמְשִׁיכַת רַחֲמִים, וְכֵן תַּרְגּוּם יוֹנָתָן: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **with cords of a man** I constantly drew them with tender cords with which a man draws his son; i.e., drawing mercifully. Jonathan, too, rendered it in this manner. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:4:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:4:2) **וָאֶהְיֶה לָהֶם כִּמְרִימֵי עֹל עַל לְחֵיהֶם.** כְּאִכָּרִים הַטּוֹבִים הַמְּרִימִים עֹל בִּידֵיהֶם עַל יְדֵי לְוָחִים לְהָקֵל מֵעַל הַפָּרָה הַחוֹרֶשֶׁת, כֵּן הָיִיתִי עִמָּם בְּכָל צָרָה לְהָקֵל מֵעֲלֵיהֶן. (ל"א סא"א) **כִּמְרִימֵי עֹל עַל לְחֵיהֶם** – כְּאִכָּרִים הַמְּרִימִים עֹל מֵעַל צַוַּאר הַשּׁוֹר עַל יְדֵי שֶׁמַּאֲרִיכִין אֶת הַכְּלוֹנָס שֶׁהָעֹל נִתַּן בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, לְהָקֵל מֵעַל הַפָּרָה הַחוֹרֶשֶׁת, כֵּן הָיִיתִי עִמָּם בְּכָל צָרָה לְהָקֵל מֵעֲלֵיהֶם. כֵּן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״כְּאִיכָּרָא טָבָא וּמוֹרִיךְ בִּלְחֵיאָתְהוֹן״. **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and I was to them like those who lift the yoke on their bridles** I.e., like the good farmers who lift the yoke with their hands through bridles to lighten it for the cow that is plowing. So was I with them in every trouble, to make it lighter for them. Another explanation: **like those who lift the yoke on their bridles** Like the farmers who lift the yoke off the neck of the cow or the ox by lengthening the peg upon which the yoke is placed, to lighten it for the plowing cow. So was I with them in every trouble to make it lighter for them. So did Jonathan render it: like a good farmer [who makes it lighter for the shoulders of the oxen and lengthens their bridles.] ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:4:3 [Rashi on Hosea 11:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:4:3) **וְעַל לְחֵיהֶם.** לְשׁוֹן לֶחִי שֶׁל מָבוֹי: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **on their bridles** Heb. אוֹכִיל, an expression of a stake of an alley. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:4:4 [Rashi on Hosea 11:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:4:4) **וָאַט אֵלָיו אוֹכִיל.** הִטֵּיתִי לוֹ כֹּחַ לְהָכִיל עֹל הַיִּסּוּרִין, וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם עַל שֵׁם שֶׁסִּפֵּק לָהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת בַּמִּדְבָּר: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and I extended to him the ability to bear** I extended him the strength to bear the yoke of the torments. Jonathan renders: referring to His supplying them food in the desert. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:5:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:5:1) **לֹא יָשׁוּב אֶל אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם.** הִבְטַחְתִּיו ״לֹא תוֹסִיפוּ לִרְאוֹתָם עוֹד וְגוֹ׳״ (שמות יד:יג), וּמַה הוֹעִיל? הֲרֵי עַל כָּרְחוֹ **אַשּׁוּר הוּא מַלְכּוֹ**. הֲרֵי חָטְאוּ וְגָרְמוּ לָהֶם לִהְיוֹת עֲבָדִים לְאַשּׁוּר, עַל **כִּי מֵאֲנוּ לָשׁוּב**. **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **He shall not return to the land of Egypt** I promised him (Ex. 14:13): “you shall no longer continue to see them etc.” Now what did it avail? Against his will, Assyria is his king. They sinned and brought about that they should be vassals to Assyria since they refused to repent. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:6:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:6:1) **וְחָלָה חֶרֶב.** וְתָנוּחַ חֶרֶב בְּעָרָיו: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **And a sword shall rest in his cities** Heb. וְחָלָה, and a sword shall rest in his cities. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:6:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:6:2) **וְכִלְּתָה בַדָּיו וְאָכְלָה.** וְכִלְּתָה גִבּוֹרָיו וְתֹאכְלֵם: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and it shall destroy his branches, and it shall consume** And it shall destroy his mighty men and consume them. [after Targum Jonathan] ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:6:3 [Rashi on Hosea 11:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:6:3) **מִמּוֹעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם.** נָקוּד שְׁנֵי טְעָמִים, בּוֹ הַטִּפְּחָא בּוֹ הַסִּלּוּק, לְפִי שֶׁהוּא דִּבּוּר בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְכֵן ״לְהֵחַלּוֹ״ דְּ״לֹא יִטַּמָּא בַּעַל בְּעַמָּיו״ (ויקרא כא:ד), וְכֵן ״לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם״ דְּ״שֶׁמֶן מִשְׁחַת קֹדֶשׁ״ (שמות ל:לא): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **because of their counsels** (all these came upon them.) The word מִמֹּעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם is punctuated by two accents: it contains a tipcha and it contains a silluk (sof passuk), since it is a clause by itself. Comp. (Lev. 21:4) לְהֵחַלְוֹ, “for him to become profaned,” of the verse commencing, “A husband shall not contaminate himself.” Similarly, (Ex. 30:3l) לדֹרֹתֵיכֶם, “to your generations,” of the verse dealing with the holy anointing oil. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:7:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:7:1) **וְעַמִּי תְלוּאִים לִמְשׁוּבָתִי.** כְּשֶׁהַנְּבִיאִים מְלַמְּדִים אוֹתָם לָשׁוּב אֵלַי, תְלוּאִים הֵם אִם לָשׁוּב אִם לֹא לָשׁוּב; בְּקֹשִׁי יְשׁוּבוּן אֵלַי: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **And My people waver whether to return to Me** When the prophets teach them to return to Me, they are in doubt whether to return or not to return; it is with difficulty that they return to Me. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:7:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:7:2) **וְאֶל עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ יַחַד לֹא יְרוֹמֵם.** וְאֶל הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר עָלָיו יִקְרָאוּהוּ הַנְּבִיאִים יַחַד, לֹא יְרוֹמְמוּהוּ עַמִּי וְלֹא יֵאוֹת לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ. וְיֵשׁ מְפָרֵשׁ ״וְאֶל עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ״ – פְּגָעִים קָשִׁים יִפְגְּעוּם, וְ׳אֶל׳ כְּמוֹ ״יֵשׁ לְאֵל יָדִי״ (בראשית לא:כט), וְאֵין זֹאת, שֶׁהֲרֵי נָקוּד בְּפַתַּח, וְאִם הָיָה וְאֵל שֵׁם דָּבָר הָיָה נָקוּד בְּצֵירֵי. וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: ״בְּמַרְעָא קַשְׁיָא יִתְעָרְעוּן״, עָשָׂה אֶל (סא"א: עַל) לְשׁוֹן ׳קָשֶׁה׳, וְלִי נִרְאֶה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי כַּהֹגֶן: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and to the matter concerning which they call them, together they do not uphold it** And to the matter concerning which the prophets call them, together My people will not uphold it and will not agree to do it. Some explain וְאֶל-עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ to mean: Harsh happenings shall befall them. The word וְאֶל means the same as (Gen. 31:29) “My hand has power (לְאֵל),” [and the word עַל means the same as עֲלִילוֹת, deeds (Kara). But this is not so since אֶל is vowelized with a “pattah.” [I.e. with a “segol,” called “pattah katan” by the early grammarians.] Were אֶל a noun, it would be vowelized with a “tseireh,” [i.e., אֵל]. Jonathan, however, renders: A harsh happening will befall them. He interprets וְאֶל as an expression of harshness, but it appears to me that I have interpreted it properly. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:7:3 [Rashi on Hosea 11:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:7:3) **יַחַד לֹא יְרוֹמֵם.** ״כַּחֲדָא לָא יְהַכּוּן בְּקוֹמָא זְקוּפָא״ (תרגום יונתן): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **together they do not uphold [it]** [Jonathan renders:] Together they shall not walk erect. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:8:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:8:1) **אֲמַגֶּנְךָ.** אֶמְסָרְךָ בְּיַד אוֹיְבֶיךָ, כְּמוֹ ״אֲשֶׁר מִגֵּן צָרֶיךָ״ (בראשית יד:כ): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **deliver you** Heb. אֲמַגֶּנְךָ. Comp. (Gen. 14:20) “Who delivered (מִגֵן) your adversaries.” ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:8:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:8:2) **נִכְמְרוּ.** נִתְחַמְּמוּ, לְשׁוֹן אֲרַמִּי, וְכֵן ״עוֹרֵנוּ כְּתַנּוּר נִכְמָרוּ״ (איכה ה:י): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **My remorse has been kindled** Heb. נִכְרְמוּ, are heated. This is an Aramaic expression. Comp. (Lam. 5:10) “Our skin is heated (נִכְמָרוּ) like an oven.” ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:9:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:9:1) **לֹא אָשׁוּב.** מִדִּבְרֵי הַטּוֹב אֲשֶׁר אָמַרְתִּי (ויקרא כו:מד) ״לֹא מְאַסְתִּים וְלֹא גְעַלְתִּים״ לִהְיוֹת מַשְׁחִית אֶת אֶפְרָיִם: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **I will not return** from My good word, which I said. (Lev. 26:44) “I have not rejected them nor have I abhorred them,” to destroy Ephraim. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:9:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:9:2) **כִּי אֵל אָנֹכִי.** הַמְקַיֵּם דְּבַר טוֹבָתִי, וְאֵין מִדָּתִי לְהִנָּחֵם עַל הַטּוֹב: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **for I am God** Who keeps His favorable word, and I do not retract the good. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:9:3 [Rashi on Hosea 11:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:9:3) **בְּקִרְבְּךָ קָדוֹשׁ וְלֹא אָבוֹא בְּעִיר.** אַחֶרֶת, כְּבָר הִבְטַחְתִּי לְהַשְׁרוֹת שְׁכִינָתִי **בְּקִרְבְּךָ** בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְלֹא אַשְׁרֶה אוֹתָהּ עוֹד עַל עִיר אַחֶרֶת. וְיֵשׁ מְפָרֵשׁ **בְּעִיר** לְשׁוֹן ׳שִׂנְאָה׳, כְּמוֹ (שמואל א כח:טז) ״וַיְהִי עָרֶךָ״: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **I will not enter a city** I.e., another city. I have already promised to cause My Shechinah to rest in your midst in Jerusalem, and I will never again cause it to rest on another city. Others explain it as an expression of hatred. Comp. (I Sam. 28:16) “And has become your adversary (וַיְהִי עָרֶךָ).” ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:10:1 [Rashi on Hosea 11:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:10:1) **כְּאַרְיֵה יִשְׁאָג.** עוֹד יִשְׁאָג לָהֶם כְּאַרְיֵה שֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מִן הַגָּלֻיּוֹת וְיֵלְכוּ אַחֲרָיו: **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **He shall roar like a lion** He will yet roar to them like a lion that they leave the exile and follow Him. ###### Rashi on Hosea 11:10:2 [Rashi on Hosea 11:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Hosea/r/11:10:2) **וְיֶחֶרְדוּ בָנִים מִיָּם.** ״וְיִתְכַּנְּשׁוּן גָּלְוָותָא מִמַּעֲרָב״ (תרגום יונתן): **The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:** **and the children shall hasten from the west** And the exiles shall be gathered from the west. [from Jonathan]