## Rashi on I Samuel Chapter 1 ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:1:1) **וַיְהִי אִישׁ אֶחָד.** ״הַכֹּל לְפִי הַסֵּדֶר, מֹשֶׁה מָסַר אֶת הַתּוֹרָה לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לִזְקֵנִים, וְשׁוֹפֵט מָסַר לְשׁוֹפֵט, עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְעֵלִי, וּמִמֶּנּוּ לִשְׁמוּאֵל, כְּמוֹ שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ (אבות א א): ״וּזְקֵנִים לִנְבִיאִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And there was a man.** It all follows the order: Moshe gave over the Torah to Yehoshua and Yehoshua to the Elders and each Judge to his successor until it reached Eili who gave it over to Shmuel¹ as we learned (in the Mishnah), "… and the Elders [gave it over] to the Prophets…"² footnotes: ¹ I.e., the “ו” of וְאֵלֶה links the Book of Shmuel with the preceeding Book of Shoftim and serves as a link between the oral tradition as stated in the Mishnah, “…and the Elders…” ² Maseches Avos 1:1. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:1:2) **מִן הָרָמָתַיִם צוֹפִים.** שְׁתֵּי רָמוֹת הָיוּ, שֶׁצּוֹפוֹת וְרוֹאוֹת זוֹ אֶת זוֹ. וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: צוֹפִים, ״מִתַּלְמִידֵי נְבִיאַיָא״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **From Ramasayim Tsofim.** There were two hills each visible to the other.³⁴ Targum Yonoson renders צוֹפִים: "of the disciples of prophets." footnotes: ³ Elkonoh lived in Romoh, see below verse 19; and he prophesied in Tsofim—Da’as Sofrim. ⁴ Maseches Megillah 14a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:1:3) **אֶלְקָנָה.** לֵוִי הָיָה, מִבְּנֵי אֲבִיאָסָף בֶּן קֹרַח, כֵּן נִתְיַחֵס בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים (דברי הימים א ה:ח): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Elkonoh.** He was a Levite of the sons of Aviosof, the son of Korach —his ancestry is thus recorded in Divrei Hayomim.⁵ footnotes: ⁵ I Divrei Hayomim 6:19-23. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:4 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:1:4) **אֶפְרָתִי.** יוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: ״בְּטוּרָא דְבֵית אֶפְרַיִם״ (בְּהַר אֶפְרַיִם). וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה (ילקוט שמעוני שמואל א רמז עז): **אֶפְרָתִי.** בֶּן פַּלְטִין אַבְגִינוֹס, אָדָם חָשׁוּב, כְּמוֹ (בבא מציעא קיט.): אַפִּרְיוֹן נִמְטְיֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, לְשׁוֹן חֵן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **From the land of Ephrayim.** [Targum] Yonoson renders "on the mountain of the house of Ephrayim." The Midrash Aggadah [renders] אֶפְרָתִי —a palace dweller, an important person,⁶ as in "let us extend אַפִּרְיוֹן to Rabbi Shimon,"⁷ [meaning] an expression of favor. footnotes: ⁶ Rashi emphasizes that אֶפְרָתִי does not mean that he was from the tribe of Ephrayim because it has already been established that he was from the tribe of Leivi. ⁷ Maseches Bava Metzia 119a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:3:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:3:1) **וְעָלָה הָאִישׁ.** לְשׁוֹן הוֹוֶה הוּא, הָיָה עוֹלֶה מִזְּמַן מוֹעֵד לְמוֹעֵד לְשִׁילֹה. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה (ילקוט שמעוני שם): בְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהָיָה עוֹלֶה בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ, לֹא הָיָה עוֹלֶה בְּשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת, כְּדֵי לְהַשְׁמִיעַ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְיַעֲשׂוּ כְמוֹתוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **This man would go up.** This is the present tense, i.e., he would go up from one appointed season to another, to Shilo.⁸ The Midrash Aggadah [renders] that the route he followed this year he did not take the next year in order to publicize [his pilgrimage] to the Bnei Yisroel that they should do likewise.⁹ footnotes: ⁸ He would go to Shiloh on the three pilgrimage festivals of Pesach, Shavuos and Sukkos. ⁹ See Talmud Yerushalmi, Berachos 9:5. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:4:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:4:1) **וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם.** ״תַּרְגּוּם: ״וַהֲוָה יוֹם מוֹעֲדָא: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **It happened on the day.** It happened on the festive day. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:5:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:5:1) **מָנָה אַחַת אַפָּיִם.** (תרגום:) ״חוּלַק חַד בְּחִיר״, הָרָאוּי לְהִתְקַבֵּל בְּסֵבֶר פָּנִים יָפוֹת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **One choice portion.** One choice portion which is fit to be accepted with a friendly countenance.¹⁰ footnotes: ¹⁰ אַפָּיִם referring to the face rather than to the portion. Ralbag renders “a double sized portion.” ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:6:1) **צָרָתָהּ.** אֵשֶׁת בַּעְלָהּ, פְּנִנָּה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Her rival.** Her husband's other wife, Penina. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:6:2) **גַּם כַּעַס.** כַּעַס אַחַר כַּעַס, תָּמִיד, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר ׳גַּם כַּעַס׳, הָיְתָה אוֹמֶרֶת לָהּ: כְּלוּם קָנִית הַיּוֹם מַעֲפוֹרֶת לִבְּנֵךְ גָּדוֹל, אוֹ חָלוּק לִבְּנֵךְ קָטָן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Frequently anger.** Anger after anger, i.e., always.' Therefore it is written 'also [גֵם] anger.' She would say to her, "Did you buy your older son a cloak today, or your younger son, a shirt?" ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:6:3) **בַּעֲבוּר הַרְעִמָהּ.** שֶׁתִּתְאוֹנֵן, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (בבא בתרא טז.): בַּעֲבוּר הַרְעִימָהּ, שֶׁתִּתְפַּלֵּל, וְלְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְכַּוְּנָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **In order that she should complain.** In order to make her complain. Our Rabbis explain, 'in order to make her storm,' that she pray. Penina had good intentions.¹¹ footnotes: ¹¹ Maseches Bava Basra 16a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:4 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:6:4) **בְּעַד רַחְמָהּ.** כְּנֶגֶד רַחְמָהּ, וְכֵן כָּל לְשׁוֹן ׳בְּעַד׳: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Her womb.** Lit., opposite her womb, and so is every expression of the word .¹²בְּעַד footnotes: ¹² See Rashi, Bereishis 7:16. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:7:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:7:1) **וְכֵן יַעֲשֶׂה.** אֶלְקָנָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He would do this.** Elkonoh. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:7:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:7:2) **שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה.** נוֹתֵן לָהּ חֵלֶק מוּבְחָר, לְהַרְאוֹתָהּ שֶׁמְּחַבְּבָהּ. וְצָרָתָהּ, לְפִי חִבָּה שֶׁבַּעְלָהּ מַרְאֶה לָהּ, כֵּן תַּרְבֶּה גַּם הִיא לְהַכְעִיסָהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Year after year.** He would give her a choice portion to demonstrate to her that he loved her; and her rival, according to the affection which her husband demonstrated to her, would anger her more and more. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:8:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:8:1) **אָנֹכִי טוֹב לָךְ.** מְחַבְּבָךְ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Am I not better to you.** Don't I love you more dearly. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:8:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:8:2) **מֵעֲשָׂרָה בָנִים.** שֶׁיָּלְדָה לִי פְּנִנָּה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Than ten sons.** That Penina has borne to me.¹³ footnotes: ¹³ Others interpret that Elkonoh did not mean literally ten sons and with reference to Penina, but rather he was expressing his love to Chana and happened to pick that number , as we find the same number in Vayikra 26:26.—Radak ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:9:1) **אָכְלָה בְשִׁלֹה.** לֹא מַפִּיק ה״א, וְהָאַלֶ״ף חֲטַף קָמַ״ץ, וְהוּא כְּמוֹ: אַחֲרֵי אָכֹל בְּשִׁלֹה וְאַחֲרֵי שָׁתֹה. וְהַלָּשׁוֹן נוֹפֵל בֵּין לְזָכָר בֵּין לִנְקֵבָה, אַחֲרֵי אָכְלָה, לְשׁוֹן פָּעוּל, כְּמוֹ לְאָכְלָה, לְשׁוֹן לִפְעוֹל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Eating in Shilo.** The 'ה' is not dotted and the 'א' is voweled with a short *kametz* and its [meaning is] 'after eating in Shilo and after drinking,'¹⁴ and this expression is properly used both for masculine and feminine. After אָכְלָה is a gerund. It is constructed like ,¹⁵לְאָכְלָה an expression equivalent to an infinitive [i.e., לֶאֶכוֹל]. footnotes: ¹⁴ Eili therefore suspected that she was drunk because prayer usually takes place before eating or drinking—Da’as Sofrim. ¹⁵ Vayikra 25:6. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:9:2) **וְעֵלִי הַכֹּהֵן יֹשֵׁב עַל הַכִּסֵּא.** אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם יָשַׁב עַל כִּסֵּא גָּדוֹל, שֶׁנִּתְמַנָּה שׁוֹפֵט (ובילקוט שמעוני: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל) עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And Eili the kohen was sitting on the chair.** On that day he was seated on a large chair,¹⁶ for he was appointed Judge over Yisroel. footnotes: ¹⁶ The defective spelling of ישֵׁב [instead of יוֹשֵׁב] indicates that he just recently sat down because he was a newly appointed judge. See Rashi Bereishis 19:1. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:9:3) **עַל מְזוּזַת.** כְּמוֹ: אֵצֶל מְזוּזַת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Near the doorpost.** [Lit. on the doorpost] meaning near the doorpost. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:1) **ה׳ צְבָאוֹת.** לָמָּה נִתְיַחֵד שֵׁם זֶה כָּאן, אָמְרָה לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, שְׁנֵי צְבָאוֹת בָּרָאתָ בְּעוֹלָמְךָ. הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, לֹא פָּרִים וְלֹא רָבִים וְלֹא מֵתִים. וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, פָּרִים וְרָבִים וּמֵתִים. אִם אֲנִי מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, אֶהְיֶה פָּרָה וְרָבָה וּמֵתָה, וְאִם אֲנִי מִן הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, לֹא אָמוּת. זוֹ מָצָאתִי בְּאַגָּדָה שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי (פסיקתא רבתי). וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ בְּמַסֶּכֶת בְּרָכוֹת (לא:) מַה שֶּׁדָּרְשׁוּ: עַד הֵנָּה לֹא הָיָה אָדָם שֶׁקְּרָאוֹ לְהַקָּבָּ״ה ׳צְבָאוֹת׳, אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמְרָה לְפָנָיו: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, מִכָּל צְבָאוֹת שֶׁבָּרָאתָ בְּעוֹלָמְךָ קָשֶׁה בְּעֵינֶיךָ לִיתֵּן לִי בֵּן אֶחָד: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Adonoy of Hosts.** Why was this Name designated here? She [Chana] said before Him, "Lord of the universe, You created two hosts in Your world. The heavenly beings neither multiply nor do they die; the earthly beings both multiply and die. If I am of the earthly beings, let me multiply and die, and if I am of the heavenly beings, let me not die." I found [this explanation] in the Aggadah of R. Eliezer the son of R. Yose Haglili. Our Rabbis in Maseches Berachos,¹⁷ expounded what they expounded: —Until then, there was no one person who called the Holy One, Blessed is He, [Master of] Hosts. She said thus before Him; "Lord of the universe, of all the hosts which You created in Your world, is it difficult for you to grant me one son?" ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:2) **אִם רָאֹה תִרְאֶה.** רַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ בוֹ בְּמַסֶּכֶת בְּרָכוֹת (שם) מַה שֶּׁדָּרְשׁוּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **If You look at.** In Maseches Berachos,¹⁸ our Sages expounded what they expounded. footnotes: ¹⁸ Ibid. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:3) **אֲמָתֶךָ.** הָאָמוּר שָׁלוֹש פְּעָמִים בַּמִּקְרָא, כְּנֶגֶד שְׁלֹשָׁה דְבָרִים שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה מְצֻוָּה עֲלֵיהֶם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Your maidservant.** [The word 'maidservant'] is stated three times in this verse, corresponding to the three mitzvos which a woman is commanded to observe.¹⁹ footnotes: ¹⁹ They are the laws of: 1. Menstruation .2 נִדָּה Separation of the dough .3 חַלָּה Kindling of the Shabbos lights [הַדְלָקַת הַנֵּר]. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:4 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:4) **זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים.** ״צַדִּיקִים, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (מלכים א ב:לב): ״בִּשְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים צַדִּיקִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Male offspring.** I.e., righteous men, as it is written, "Two men [אֲנָשִׁים] who were righteous."²⁰ footnotes: ²⁰ I Melachim 2:32. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:5 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:5) **אֲנָשִׁים.** ״חֲשׁוּבִים, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר (דברים א:יג): ״אֲנָשִׁים חֲכָמִים וִידֻעִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Males.** I.e., important men,²¹ as it is written, "wise… and known men ]אֲנָשִׁים[.²² footnotes: ²¹ See Maseches Berachos 31b. ²² Devarim 1:13. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:6 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:6) **וּנְתַתִּיו לַה׳.** שֶׁיְּהֵא רָאוּי לְתִתּוֹ לַה׳: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Then I will give him to Adonoy.** I.e., that he be fit to be given to Adonoy. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:7 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:11:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:11:7) **וּמוֹרָה.** ״תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״וּמָרוּת אֱנָשׁ לָא תְהֵא עֲלוֹהִי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And a razor.²³** Targum Yonoson renders, "and the fear [וּמַרְוַת] of man will not be upon him." footnotes: ²³ See Maseches Nazir 66a where the very same difference of opinion is discussed. R. Nehorai renders מוֹרָה meaning a razor as Scripture states regarding Shimshon, in Shoftim 13:5, “the razor [מוֹרָה] must not be wielded on his head.” And R. Yose holds that [מוֹרָה] is a connotation referring to the fear of man. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:12:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:12:1) **שֹׁמֵר אֶת פִּיהָ.** ״מְצַפֶּה מָתַי תַּפְסִיק, כָּךְ תִּרְגְּמוֹ יוֹנָתָן: ״וְעֵלִי אוֹרִיךְ לָהּ עַד דְּתִפְסוֹק: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Watched her mouth.** He waited for her to stop, as Targum Yonoson renders, 'and Eili waited until she stopped.' ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:12:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:12:2) **שֹׁמֵר.** לְשׁוֹן הַמְתָּנָה, כְּמוֹ: ״שָׁמַר אֶת הַדָּבָר״ (בראשית לז:יא); ״לֹא תִשְׁמֹר עַל חַטָּאתִי״ (איוב יד:טז): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Watched.** An expression of waiting, as in, "[and his father] kept the matter in mind ]שָׁמַר["²⁴ i.e., waited, [and similarly] "do not wait [תִשְׁמוֹר] for my sin."²⁵ footnotes: ²⁴ Bereishis 37:11. ²⁵ Iyov 14:16. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:13:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:13:1) **וַיַּחְשְׁבֶהָ עֵלִי לְשִׁכּוֹרָה.** שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ רְגִילִין לְהִתְפַּלֵּל בְּלַחַשׁ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Eili thought she was drunk.** Because they were not accustomed to praying silently. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:15:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:15:1) **לֹא אֲדֹנִי.** לֹא אָדוֹן אַתָּה בְּדָבָר הַזֶּה, גִּלִּיתָ בְּעַצְמְךָ שֶׁאֵין רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שׁוֹרָה עָלֶיךָ שֶׁתֵּדַע שֶׁאֵינִי שִׁכּוֹרַת יַיִן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **No, my lord.** You are not master in this matter. You have revealed that the Holy Spirit is not resting upon you, otherwise you would have known that I am not intoxicated from wine.²⁶ footnotes: ²⁶ Maseches Berachos 31b. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:16:1) **אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת אֲמָתְךָ.** כְּלַפֵּי שֶׁאָמְרָה לוֹ דָּבָר קָשֶׁה, חָזְרָה וּפִיְּסָתוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא יִתְּנֶנָּה הֶפְקֵר וּבִזָּיוֹן לִפְנֵי צָרָתָהּ בַּת בְּלִיַּעַל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Do not deliver your maidservant.** Because she had spoken harshly to him, she tried to appease him, so that he deliver her not, unprotected and disgraced, to her rival, the wicked woman. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:16:2) **כִּי מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי.** דִּבַּרְתִּי לְפָנֶיךָ קוֹשִׁי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **For it is out of much grievance.** That I have spoken harshly to you. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:16:3) **שִׂיחִי.** יֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן אֲנִינוּת לֵב. דָּבָר אַחֵר: **מֵרֹב שִׂיחִי**; ״כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ: ״אֲרֵי מִסְגֵי אַקְנָיוּתִי וְאַרְגָּזְוָתִי אוֹרֵיכִית בִּצְלוֹ עַד כְּעַן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Grievance.** In some instances, it [שִֹיחִי] is an expression of heartache. Another explanation of מֵרֹב שִֹיחִי, according to Targum, "because of much provocation and anger, I have prolonged my prayer until now." ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:4 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:16:4) **וְכַעְסִי.** שֶׁצָּרָתִי מַכְעֶסֶת אוֹתִי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And anger.** My rival angers me. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:5 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:16:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:16:5) **אַל תִּתֵּן.** לְשׁוֹן מְסִירָה, כְּמוֹ: ״אַל תִּתְּנֵנִי בְּנֶפֶשׁ צָרָי״ (תהלים כז:יב): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Do not deliver.** An expression of giving over, as in, "'Do not deliver me to the will of my tormentors."²⁷ footnotes: ²⁷ Tehillim 27:12. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:17:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:17:1) **אֶת שֵׁלָתֵךְ.** חָסֵר א׳, לִדְרוֹשׁ בּוֹ לְשׁוֹן בָּנִים, כְּמוֹ: ״וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ הַיּוֹצֵאת וְגוֹ׳״ (דברים כח:כז): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Your request.** The א is missing, to infer [שֵׁלָתֵךְ] an expression of children,²⁸ as in, "and her young [וּבְשִׁלְיָתָהּ] who emerges from…."²⁹ footnotes: ²⁸ Others render שֵׁלָתֵך as being derived from שָׁלָל [=plunder], meaning that her soon to be born son will “take of the goods [שָׁלָל of the Torah,” i.e., he will gain much knowledge and understanding of the Torah.—Radak ²⁹ Devarim 28:57. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:17:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:17:2) **יִתֵּן אֶת שֵׁלָתֵךְ.** בִּשְּׂרָהּ שֶׁנִּתְקַבְּלָה תְפִלָּתָהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Will grant the request.** He foretold to her that her prayer had been accepted. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:18:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:18:1) **תִּמְצָא שִׁפְחָתְךָ חֵן.** לְבַקֵּשׁ עָלֶיהָ רַחֲמִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **May your maidservant find favor.** To beg for compassion on her behalf. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:18:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:18:2) **וּפָנֶיהָ לֹא הָיוּ לָהּ.** פָּנִים שֶׁל זַעַם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And no longer had the [sad] look on her face.** Meaning the face of anger. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:19:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:19:1) **וַיָּבֹאוּ אֶל בֵּיתָם וַיֵּדַע אֶלְקָנָה.** מִכָּאן לְאַכְסְנַאי שֶׁאָסוּר בְּתַשְׁמִישׁ הַמִּטָּה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And came to their home… and Elkonoh knew.** From here [we learn] that a traveler is forbidden to have marital relations.³⁰ footnotes: ³⁰ Maseches Kesubos 65a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:20:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:20:1) **לִתְקֻפוֹת הַיָּמִים.** מִיעוּט תְּקוּפוֹת שְׁתַּיִם, מִיעוּט יָמִים שְׁנַיִם, לְשִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים וּשְׁנֵי יָמִים. מִכָּאן הַיּוֹלֶדֶת לְשִׁבְעָה, יוֹלֶדֶת לִמְקֻטָּעִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And as the seasons and days passed.** The minimum of seasons [תְּקוּפוֹת] is two, and the minimum of days [יָמִים] is two. Hence, [she gave birth] after six months [=two seasons] and two days.³¹ From here [we learn] that a woman who gives birth in her seventh month of pregnancy, can give birth after entering part of the seventh month. footnotes: ³¹ Maseches Rosh Hashanah 11a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:20:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:20:2) **שְׁמוּאֵל.** עַל שֵׁם אֵל וְעַל שֵׁם הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הוּא נִקְרָא, כִּי מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁאִלְתִּיו: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Shmuel.** After the Name of God [א־ל], and in reference to the incident he was so called, for I requested [שָׁאַל] him of הַשֵׁם[=מא־ל]. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:21:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:21:1) **אֶת זֶבַח הַיָּמִים.** (תרגום:) ״יָת דְּבַח מוֹעֲדַיָּא״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The festival offering.** [Targum renders] the sacrifices of the appointed seasons. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:21:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:21:2) **וְאֶת נִדְרוֹ.** נְדָרִים שֶׁנָּדַר בֵּין רֶגֶל לְרֶגֶל הָיָה מַקְרִיב בָּרֶגֶל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And his vow.** The vows he made between festivals he would offer on the next festival.³² footnotes: ³² Ibid., 6a. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:22:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:22:1) **עַד יִגָּמֵל.** לְסוֹף עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁנַיִם (ספרים אחרים: עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה) חֳדָשִׁים, שֶׁכָּךְ זְמַן תִּינוֹק לִינַק: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **When [the boy] will be weaned.** At the end of twenty-two (other versions, twenty-four) months, for that is the period for a child to nurse. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:22:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:22:2) **וְיָשַׁב שָׁם עַד עוֹלָם.** עוֹלָמָם שֶׁל לְוִיִּם חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמִבֶּן חֲמִשִּׁים שָׁנָה יָשׁוּב מִצְּבָא הָעֲבוֹדָה״ (במדבר ח:כה), וְכָךְ הָיוּ יָמָיו שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל, חֲמִשִּׁים וּשְׁתַּיִם, שֶׁהֲרֵי עֵלִי שָׁפַט אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה, וּבְיוֹם תְּפִלַּת חַנָּה נִתְמַנָּה שׁוֹפֵט, צֵא אוֹתָהּ שָׁנָה לְעִבּוּרוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל, נִשְׁתַּיְּרוּ שְׁלוֹשִׁים וָתֵשַׁע, וּשְׁמוּאֵל פִּרְנֵס אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִשֶּׁמֵּת עֵלִי שְׁלוֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה, שֶׁהֲרֵי יוֹם שֶׁמֵּת עֵלִי גָּלָה הָאָרוֹן וְיָשַׁב בִּשְׂדֵה פְלִשְׁתִּים שִׁבְעָה חֳדָשִׁים (שמואל א ו:א), מִשָּׁם בָּא לְקִרְיַת יְעָרִים, עַד שֶׁהֶעֱלָהוּ דָוִד, מִשֶּׁמָּלַךְ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים בְּחֶבְרוֹן עַל יְהוּדָה, וְהִמְלִיכוּהוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהֶם, וּכְתִיב (שמואל א ז:ב): ״וַיְהִי מִיּוֹם שֶׁבֶת הָאָרוֹן בְּקִרְיַת יְעָרִים וַיִּרְבּוּ הַיָּמִים וַיִּהְיוּ עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה״, צֵא מֵהֶן שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים שֶׁמָּלַךְ דָּוִד בְּחֶבְרוֹן, נִמְצָא מִשֶּׁגָּלָה הָאָרוֹן עַד שֶׁמֵּת שָׁאוּל שְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה שָׁנָה וְשִׁבְעָה חֳדָשִׁים, וּשְׁמוּאֵל מֵת לִפְנֵי שָׁאוּל אַרְבָּעָה חֳדָשִׁים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And shall remain there forever.** Forever in the Levitic sense,³³ i.e., fifty years as it is said, "from the age of fifty he shall retire from the work force."³⁴ Figuring as follows, we determine that Shmuel's lifetime was fifty-two years: Eili judged Yisroel for forty years.³⁵ On the day of Chana's prayer he was appointed judge.³⁶ By subtracting the year in which Chana conceived Shmuel, there remain thirty-nine years. Shmuel governed Yisroel from the time of Eili's death for thirteen years, as follows: On the day of Eili's death, the Ark was captured, and it remained in the land of the Philistines for seven months.³⁷ From there, it was brought to and remained in Kiryas Yearim until Dovid brought it up after he had reigned seven years in Chevron over Yehudah, and all of Yisroel had accepted him as their king. And it is written, "From the day the Ark came to rest in Kiryas Yearim, there ensued many days, and they became twenty years."³⁸ Subtracting from them seven years which Dovid reigned in Chevron discloses that from the time the Ark was captured until Shaul's death, were thirteen years and seven months; and Shmuel died four months before Shaul. footnotes: ³³ It can also refer to the fifty year period of Yoveil. ³⁴ Bamidbar 8:25. ³⁵ I Shmuel 4:18. ³⁶ Above verse 9. ³⁷ Below 6:1. ³⁸ I Shmuel 7:2. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:23:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:23:1) **אַךְ יָקֵם ה׳ אֶת דְּבָרוֹ.** אֶת שֶׁשָּׁאַלְתְּ מִמֶּנּוּ זֶרַע אֲנָשִׁים, וְעֵלִי בִּשְּׂרֵךְ בְּרוּחַ הַקּוֹדֶשׁ ״אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יִתֵּן אֶת שֵׁלָתֵךְ״ – יָקֵם ה׳ אֶת דְּבָרוֹ, וְזֶהוּ לְפִי פְשׁוּטוֹ. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה: רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק אָמַר: בְּכָל יוֹם וָיוֹם בַּת קוֹל יוֹצֵאת וּמְפוֹצֶצֶת בָּעוֹלָם וְאוֹמֶרֶת: עָתִיד צַדִּיק אֶחָד לַעֲמוֹד וּשְׁמוֹ שְׁמוּאֵל, וְכָל אִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה יוֹלֶדֶת בֵּן, הָיְתָה קוֹרְאָה שְׁמוֹ שְׁמוּאֵל, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיוּ רוֹאִים אֶת מַעֲשָׂיו, הָיוּ אוֹמְרִים אֵין זֶה שְׁמוּאֵל, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁנּוֹלַד זֶה וְרָאוּ מַעֲשָׂיו, אָמְרוּ דּוֹמֶה שֶׁזֶּה הוּא, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר: יָקֵם ה׳ אֶת דְּבָרוֹ, שֶׁיְּהֵא זֶה שְׁמוּאֵל הַצַּדִּיק: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **But may Adonoy fulfill His word.** Because you requested of Him male offspring,³⁹ and Eili foretold you through Divine inspiration, "the God of Yisroel will grant your request,"⁴⁰ may 'ה fulfill His word. This is the simple interpretation. In Midrash Aggadah, however, Rabbi Nechemyah said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel, the son of Rabbi Yitzchok: Every day a Divine voice would resound throughout the world and say, "A righteous man is destined to arise, by the name of Shmuel." Thereupon, every woman who bore a son, would name him Shmuel. Once they saw his deeds, they would say, "This is not [the] Shmuel." But when this one [Shmuel] was born and people saw his deeds, they said, "Apparently this one is the one [i.e., expected righteous man]." This is what he [Elkonoh] meant when he said, "May Adonoy fulfill His word," i.e., that this be the righteous Shmuel. footnotes: ³⁹ Above, verse 11. ⁴⁰ Above, verse 17. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:24:1) **וְאֵיפָה אַחַת קֶמַח.** שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּשֵׁם רַבֵּינוּ יִצְחָק הַלֵּוִי, אֵיפָה אַחַת קֶמַח, שָׁלֹשׁ סְאִין, לְהוֹצִיא מִמֶּנָּה שְׁלֹשָׁה עֶשְׂרוֹנִים סֹלֶת הָרָאוּי לַפָּר הָאֶחָד, כְּדִתְנַן (מנחות עו:) ״לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה עֶשְׂרוֹנִים מֵעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע סְאִין״, עִשָּׂרוֹן סֹלֶת לִסְאָה חִטִּין: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **One *eiphah* of flour.** I heard in the name of Rabbi Yitzchok Halevi, that she brought one *eiphah* of flour, the equivalent of three *seahs,* from which to extract three tenths of an *eiphah* of fine flour, the required amount for one bull.⁴¹ As we learned in the Mishnah:⁴² The showbread was made of twenty-four tenths of an *eiphah* from twenty-four *seahs;* i.e., one tenth part of an *eiphah* of fine flour from each *seah* of wheat. footnotes: ⁴¹ See Bamidbar 15:8-9. ⁴² Maseches Menachos 76b. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:24:2) **וְנֵבֶל יָיִן.** לְנַסֵּךְ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And a flask of wine.** For a libation. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:24:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:24:3) **וְהַנַּעַר נָעַר.** (תרגום:) ״וְרַבְיָא הֲוָה יָנִיק״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Though the child was still a lad.** The Targum renders, 'though the child was still young.' ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:25:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:25:1) **וַיָּבִיאוּ אֶת הַנַּעַר אֶל עֵלִי.** לִרְאוֹת שֶׁנִּתְקַיְּמָה נְבוּאָתוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ מַה שֶּׁדָּרְשׁוּ, שֶׁהוֹרָה הֲלָכָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ כֹּהֵן לִשְׁחִיטַת קָדָשִׁים, כִּדְאִיתָא בִּבְרָכוֹת (לא:): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **They brought the child to Eili.** To show that his prophecy was fulfilled. Our Sages expounded what they expounded, explaining that he [Shmuel] ruled on a point of law, that a kohein is not necessary for sacrificial slaughter, as it is stated in [Maseches] Berachos.⁴³ footnotes: ⁴³ 31b. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:26:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:26:1) **בִּי אֲדֹנִי.** לָתֵת עֵינֶיךָ עָלָיו שֶׁיְּהֵא תַלְמִידְךָ. וּלְפִי מִדְרַשׁ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲנִישֵׁהוּ מִיתָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Please my lord.** Take care of him, that he become your disciple. But according to the Midrash of our Sages, [she asked of Eili] not to punish him with death. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:27:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:27:1) **אֶל הַנַּעַר הַזֶּה הִתְפַּלָּלְתִּי.** אַל תֹּאמַר: זֶה יָמוּת וְיִנָּתֵן לְךָ אַחֵר: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **This is the child that I prayed for.** Do not say, "this one shall die and another shall be given to you."⁴⁴ footnotes: ⁴⁴ Ibid. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:1 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:28:1) **וְגַם אָנֹכִי הִשְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ לַה׳.** כְּאָדָם הַמַּשְׁאִיל כְּלִי לְרַבּוֹ, אוֹ מַשְׁאִילוֹ בְּנוֹ לְשַׁמְּשׁוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And I have dedicated him to Adonoy.** Just as a person who lends a utensil to his master, or lends him his son to serve him. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:2 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:28:2) **הוּא שָׁאוּל.** אנפרוצטי״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּלוֹמַר אֵין אַתָּה רַשַּׁאי לְעָנְשׁוֹ, הַקָּבָּ״ה נַעֲשָׂה עָלָיו שׁוֹאֵל, כִּי הִשְׁאִלְתִּיו לוֹ, וְעָלָיו לְהַחֲזִירוֹ לִי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He is dedicated.** *Enpruntez* in Old French, i.e., you have no right to punish him, for the Holy one, Blessed is He, has become his borrower; because I have lent [Shmuel] to Him, He must return him to me.⁴⁵ footnotes: ⁴⁵ Another interpretation of “שָׁאוּל” is that it refers to Shaul. She stated by Divine inspiration, “as long as Shmuel lives, Shaul will live.” Shmuel was no longer alive at the time of Shaul’s death. ###### Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:3 [Rashi on I Samuel 1:28:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20I%20Samuel/r/1:28:3) **וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ שָׁם.** שְׁמוּאֵל, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים אֶלְקָנָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He then prostrated himself.** Shmuel. Others say, Elkonoh.