## Rashi on II Samuel Chapter 23 ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:1:1) **וְאֵלֶּה דִּבְרֵי דָוִד.** נְבוּאַת דָּוִד אַחֲרוֹנִים, וּמִי הֵם הָרִאשׁוֹנִים, דִּבְרֵי הַשִּׁירָה הָאֲמוּרִים לְמַעְלָה, אֲבָל בְּכָל שִׁירוֹת וְתִשְׁבָּחוֹת שֶׁאָמַר, אֵין נִקְרָאִים דְּבָרִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **These are Dovid's words.** Dovid's last prophecy. What were the first words? The words of the song that were said above.¹ But all the songs and praises that he [Dovid] said are not called "words".² footnotes: ² The use of the word דִּבְרֵי here denotes prophecy, not songs and praises. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:1:2) **הוּקַם עָל.** הוּקַם לְמַעְלָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Raised on high.** Raised from Above.³ footnotes: ³ The word עָל, is used to denote לְמַעְלָה, “Above.” ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:3 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:1:3) **וּנְעִים זְמִירוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל.** אֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשׁוֹרְרִים בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ, אֶלָּא שִׁירוֹתָיו וּזְמִירוֹתָיו: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Sweet songs for Yisroel.** Yisroel does not sing any songs in the Beis Hamikdosh other then his [Dovid's] songs and hymns. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:2:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:2:1) **דִּבֶּר בִּי.** הִשְׁרָה בִּי רוּחַ קָדְשׁוֹ וְנִדְבַּר בִּי, וְכָל לְשׁוֹן נְבוּאָה, נוֹפֵל בּוֹ לְשׁוֹן דִּבּוּר, כְּמוֹ (במדבר יב:ב): ״הֲרַק אַךְ בְּמֹשֶׁה דִּבֶּר הֲלֹא גַּם בָּנוּ דִּבֶּר״ (במדבר יב:ו): ״אֲדַבֶּר בּוֹ״, וְטַעְמוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר לְפִי שֶׁהָרוּחַ נִכְנָס בּוֹ בְּקֶרֶב הַנָּבִיא, וּמְדַבֵּר בּוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Speaks through me.** He bestowed His holy spirit on me and spoke through me. Whenever [the verse refers] to prophecy, the word דִּבֵּר is appropriate as [we find] "Did [Adonoy] only speak to Moshe, He also spoke to us."⁴ "I will speak through him."⁵ The reason for it is because the spirit enters into the prophet and speaks through him. footnotes: ⁴ Bamidbar 12:2. ⁵ Ibid 12:6. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:3:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:3:1) **לִי דִּבֶּר צוּר יִשְׂרָאֵל.** אֵלַי דִּבֶּר וְצִוָּה צוּר יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאֶהְיֶה מוֹשֵׁל בָּאָדָם, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּקְרְאוּ אָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל לד:לא): ״אָדָם אַתֶּם״ (יבמות סא א), וְאֶהְיֶה צַדִּיק מוֹשֵׁל וִירֵא אֱלֹהִים. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ (מועד קטן טז ב) פֵּרְשׁוּהוּ בְּלָשׁוֹן אַחֵר: אָמַר דָּוִד: אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לִי דִּבֶּר, אֵלַי דִּבֶּר צוּר יִשְׂרָאֵל, מוֹשֵׁל בָּאָדָם אֲנִי, וּמִי מוֹשֵׁל בִּי, צַדִּיק, שֶׁאֲנִי גּוֹזֵר גְּזֵרָה וְהוּא מְבַטְּלָהּ. אֲבָל לְפִי יִשּׁוּב הַמִּקְרָאוֹת, הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא פְּשׁוּטוֹ שֶׁל מִקְרָא: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The Rock of Yisroel spoke to me.** The Rock of Yisroel spoke to and commanded me that I should be a ruler over men, over Yisroel who are called "men" as it is written, "You are men." [He also told me] that I will be a righteous person, a ruler and a God fearing person. Our Rabbis interpreted [this verse] with a different explanation:⁶ Dovid said [as follows:] "The God of Yisroel spoke to me, the Rock of Yisroel spoke to me, I am ruler over men. And who rules over me? The righteous man, because I [may] issue a decree and he [can] annul it." But according to the flow of these verses it is the first explanation that is the simple interpretation of these verses. footnotes: ⁶ Moed Koton 16b. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:4:1) **וּכְאוֹר בֹּקֶר יִזְרַח שָׁמֶשׁ.** וְהִבְטִיחֵנִי שֶׁתֵּלֵךְ גְּדֻלָּתִי הָלוֹךְ וְגָדֵל, כְּאוֹר נֹגַהּ אֲשֶׁר הוֹלֵךְ וָאוֹר: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **As day breaks with the sun shining.** He promised me that my glory will continuously grow like the light at day break which gets brighter and brighter. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:4:2) **בֹּקֶר לֹא עָבוֹת.** אוֹר שֶׁאֵינוֹ אָפֵל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **A cloudless morning.** A light that does not dim. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:3 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:4:3) **מִנֹּגַהּ מִמָּטָר דֶּשֶׁא מֵאָרֶץ.** מֵאִיר בָּקְרִי יוֹתֵר מִנֹּגַהּ הַבָּא מִמָּטָר, כְּחֹם צַח עֲלֵי אוֹר, כְּשֶׁהַמָּטָר יוֹרֵד עַל הָאָרֶץ מְלֵאָה דְשָׁאִים, וְהַשֶּׁמֶשׁ זוֹרֵחַ עָלָיו וּמַבְהִיק, וְכֵן פִּתְרוֹנוֹ, יוֹתֵר מִנֹּגַהּ הַבָּא מִמָּטָר שֶׁל דֶּשֶׁא מֵאָרֶץ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **[Brighter] then the light that comes with the rain that nourishes the land.** My morning is brighter then the light that comes with rain, which is a clear warmth [shining forth] rays of light. When the rain falls on vegetated earth and the sun shines on it and causes it to brighten. And this is how the verse is interpreted, More then the light that comes from rain [falling on] vegetated earth. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:5:1) **כִּי לֹא כֵן בֵּיתִי עִם אֵל.** שֶׁיְּהֵא בָּקְרִי עָבוֹת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **For is not my house with God.** That I should have a cloudy morning. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:5:2) **כִּי בְרִית עוֹלָם.** הַתּוֹרָה אֲשֶׁר שָׂם לִי, עֲרוּכָה בְּכָל בֵּיתִי וּשְׁמוּרָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **For an eternal convenant.** [This refers to] the Torah that He placed for me, that He has arranged for all my household, and kept there. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:3 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:5:3) **כִּי כָל יִשְׁעִי וְכָל חֵפֶץ.** צְרָכַי מוּכָנִים לְפָנָיו, וַהֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא קָצָר: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **All my hopes and desires [are before God].** My needs are set before Him. This is a shortened verse.⁷ footnotes: ⁷ The verse itself mentions Dovid’s hopes and desires but does specify anything further about them. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:4 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:5:4) **כִּי לֹא יַצְמִיחַ.** עוֹד לְמֶלֶךְ אַחַר מַלְכוּתִי. דָּבָר אַחֵר: **כִּי בְרִית עוֹלָם שָׂם לְבֵיתִי,** לִהְיוֹת מַלְכוּתִי קַיֶּמֶת, וְהַבְּרִית **עֲרוּכָה בַכֹּל,** בְּפִי כָּל הַנְּבִיאִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Because [my kingdom] will never be outgrown.** There will be no other king after my kingdom.⁸ Another interpretation: He has made an eternal convenant for my House, that my kingdom shall be everlasting and this convenant is known to all, it is mentioned by all the prophets. footnotes: ⁸ As God promised Dovid earlier in 7:13 that his kingdom will be eternal. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:6:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:6:1) **כְּקוֹץ מֻנָּד.** קרדו״ן בלע״ז, שֶׁבְּקַטְנוּתוֹ רַךְ נָע וָנָד, וְסוֹפוֹ מִתְקַשֶּׁה, עַד אֲשֶׁר **לֹא בְיָד יִקָּחֻהוּ**: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Like an itinerant thorn.** *Cordon* in O.F. When [this thorn is] young it is soft. It then travels to and fro and eventually hardens until it is [so sharp that it is] unable to be held in one's hand. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:7:1) **וְאִישׁ יִגַּע בָּהֶם יִמָּלֵא.** צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּלְבַּשׁ אֶת בְּשָׂרוֹ בַּרְזֶל, וִימַלֵּא יָדוֹ בִּכְלֵי זַיִן לְקַצְּצוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Any man wanting to touch them should don.** He must cover his body with armor and arm himself with a weapon to cut it down ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:7:2) **וּבָאֵשׁ שָׂרוֹף יִשָּׂרְפוּ בַּשָּׁבֶת.** וְאֵין שָׁם תַּקָּנָה אֶלָּא שְׂרֵפָה, וְלָשֶׁבֶת וּלְהִתְחַמֵּם כְּנֶגְדָּם, כָּךְ הָרְשָׁעִים אֵין לָהֶם תַּקָּנָה, אֶלָּא שְׂרֵפָה בְּגֵיהִנֹּם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **They will be completely burnt totally consumed by fire.** There is no solution other then burning [these thorns] and to sit and warm oneself by the fire. So too, for the wicked there is no solution other then burning in Gehennom. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:3 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:7:3) **בַּשָּׁבֶת.** הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יוֹשֵׁב עַל כִּסֵּא הַדִּין: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **[While one] sits.** [A reference to] God sitting on the throne of Judgement. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:8:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:8:1) **אֲשֶׁר לְדָוִד יוֹשֵׁב בַּשֶּׁבֶת.** יוֹשֵׁב בְּשֶׁבֶת סַנְהֶדְרִין, וְהוּא תַּחְכְּמוֹנִי, וְהוּא רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁלִישִׁי, אָב בָּנוּי בְּחָכְמָה וּבִגְבוּרָה, בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דְּבָרִים הַלָּלוּ הוּא רֹאשׁ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א טז:יח): ״וּנְבוֹן דָּבָר וְאִישׁ תֹּאַר וְגִבּוֹר חַיִל״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **That were with Dovid, who sat in the council.** Who sat in the Sanhedrin Court. That is [alluded to by the word] wisdom. "He was a leader in three [distinct areas]," He was first in beauty, wisdom and strength. He was the leader in these three categories as it is written "[A man] of understanding of attractive build and a strong soldier."⁹ footnotes: ⁹ Shmuel I, 16:18. Rashi is not quoting this verse in its exact order. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:8:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:8:2) **עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִי.** כְּשֶׁעוֹסֵק בַּתּוֹרָה, כּוֹרֵךְ וּמְקַשֵּׁר עַצְמוֹ כְּתוֹלַעַת, כְּמוֹ (איוב לח:לא): ״מַעֲדַנּוֹת כִּימָה״, וּכְשֶׁיּוֹצֵא לַמִּלְחָמָה, הָיָה קָשֶׁה כָּעֵץ, וְהוֹרֵג שְׁמוֹנֶה מֵאוֹת חָלָל בְּמִלְחָמָה אַחַת (מועד קטן טז ב): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Adino the Etzonite.** When he was studying Torah he would fold and bind himself up like a worm¹⁰ as [we find, this word in the verse] "The bonds of Pleiades."¹¹ And when he went out to war he was as hard as wood¹² and would kill eight hundred men in one battle.¹³ footnotes: ¹⁰ Rashi is explaining the name עֲדִינוֹ as reffering to the word מַעֲדַנּוֹת which means bindings. ¹¹ Eyuv 38:31. ¹² Here Rashi is explaining the עֶצְנִי part of his name which contains within it the word עֵץ which means wood. ¹³ Tanchuma Masoei. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:9:1) **בֶּן דּוֹדוֹ.** כָּךְ שְׁמוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The son of Dodo.** This was his name. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:9:2) **בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה הַגִּבֹּרִים.** הַמְעֻלִּים שֶׁבַּגִּבּוֹרִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **One of the three mighty men.** Of the best of the mighty men.¹⁴ footnotes: ¹⁴ There were more then just three men involved in fighting the Pelishtim. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:3 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:9:3) **בְּחָרְפָם בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים.** תָּקְעוּ כַּף לְהִלָּחֵם בָּהֶם וּלְנַצְּחָם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **When they humiliated the Pelishtim.** They made an agreement with each other to fight them and to vanquish them. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:10:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:10:1) **אַךְ לְפַשֵּׁט.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״לְחַלְּצָא קְטִילַיָּא״, לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ לְעָזְרוֹ לְהָרוֹג, אֶלָּא כֻּלָּם פּוֹשְׁטִים אַחֲרָיו אֶת הַחֲלָלִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **But only to strip [the corpses].** Yonoson translates: "To strip the dead." There was no one to help him kill [the Pelishtim] but they were all stripping the corpses after [he had killed them]. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:11:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:11:1) **הֲרָרִי.** מִן הָהָר: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **From the mountain.** From the mountain. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:11:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:11:2) **לַחַיָּה.** לִגְדוּד כְּחַיּוֹת הַשָּׂדֶה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **For [war like] beast in the wild.** [Gathering] to become troops like the beasts gather in the wild. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:13:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:13:1) **מֵהַשְּׁלֹשִׁים רֹאשׁ.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״מִגִּבָּרֵי רֵישֵׁי מַשְׁרִיתָא״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Of the thirty leaders.** Yonoson translates: From the men who were leaders within the army. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:14:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:14:1) **וּמַצַּב פְּלִשְׁתִּים אָז בֵּית לָחֶם.** הַחַיִל הָיָה חוֹנֶה בְּעֵמֶק רְפָאִים, וְשָׁלְחוּ מַצָּב שֶׁלָּהֶם לְבֵית לָחֶם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And a contingent of Pesishtim was then in Beis Lechem.** The [Pelishtim] army was camped in the Rephoim valley and they had sent a contingent to Beis Lechem. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:15:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:15:1) **מִי יַשְׁקֵנִי מַיִם.** אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ (בבא קמא ס:): הֻצְרַךְ לִשְׁאוֹל שְׁאֵלָה מִסַּנְהֶדְרִין הַיּוֹשְׁבִים בְּשַׁעַר בֵּית לָחֶם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Who will give me water to drink.** Our Rabbis said,¹⁵ he [Dovid] needed to ask a [halachic] question from the Sanhedrin court that sat at the gate of Beis Lechem.¹⁶ footnotes: ¹⁵ Baba Kama 60b. See Rashi there. ¹⁶ The “water” of our verse is referring to Torah which is compared to water. See Devorim Raboh 7:3. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:16:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:16:1) **וַיַּסֵּךְ אֹתָם לַה׳.** כָּךְ אָמַר: מְקֻבְּלַנִי מִבֵּית דִּינוֹ שֶׁל שְׁמוּאֵל הָרָמָתִי, כָּל הַמּוֹסֵר עַצְמוֹ לְמִיתָה עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, אֵין אוֹמְרִין שְׁמוּעָה מִפִּיו, וּמַאי וַיַּסֵּךְ אֹתָם לַה׳, דְּאַמְרִינְהוּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דִּגְמָרָא (בבא קמא סא.): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He offered it as a libation to Adonoy.** He said, "This is what I learned at Shmuel the Romosi's court: If anyone risks his life for words of Torah,¹⁷ we should not recite the halachah in his name." If so, what is meant by "And instead he offerred it as a libation to Adonoy",¹⁸ he [only] recited it in the name of the Gemorah.¹⁹ footnotes: ¹⁷ Rashi is continuing with the interpretation of the verse that the water is a reference to words of Torah. ¹⁸ This sounds as if Dovid has accepted the halachic ruling. ¹⁹ The ruling is not to be said over in their name. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:17:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:17:1) **הֲדַם הָאֲנָשִׁים.** לְשׁוֹן תְּמִיהָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **[Do I want] the blood of [these] men.** Language denoting astonishment. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:19:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:19:1) **וְעַד הַשְּׁלֹשָׁה לֹא בָא.** (תרגום:) ״וְלִתְלַת גִּבָּרִין לָא מְטָא״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He did not reach the status of the first three.** [Yonoson translates:] He did not reach [the status] of the [first] three men.²⁰ footnotes: ²⁰ i.e. Adino the Etzonite, Elozor, the son of Dodo and Shamoh, the son of Ogaih from the mountain who were enumerated earlier in verses 8, 9 and 11 respectively. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:20:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:20:1) **אֶת שְׁנֵי אֲרִאֵל מוֹאָב.** (תרגום:) ״יָת תְּרֵין רַבְרְבֵי מוֹאָב״. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ (ברכות יח ב): שֶׁלֹּא הִנִּיחַ כְּמוֹתוֹ, לֹא בְּמִקְדָּשׁ רִאשׁוֹן, וְלֹא בְּמִקְדָּשׁ שֵׁנִי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The two Moabite giants.** [Yonoson translates:] "The two Moabite giants." And our Rabbis said, There was no one like him not during the first [Beis] Mikdosh nor during the second [Beis] Mikdosh.²¹ footnotes: ²¹ Berochos 18b. Rashi there explains that אֲרִיאֵל is a name used for the Beis Hamikdash. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:20:2 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:20:2) **אֲרִיאֵל מוֹאָב.** עַל שֵׁם שֶׁבְּנָאוֹ שְׁלֹמֹה, שֶׁבָּא מֵרוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Moabite giants.** Because Shlomo who built it came from Rus the Moabite.²² footnotes: ²² Rashi is explaining the connection that אֲרִיאֵל, a reference to the Beis Hamikdash, has to Moav. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:23:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:23:1) **מִן הַשְּׁלֹשִׁים.** כָּל שְׁלֹשִׁים שֶׁבְּפָרָשָׁה זוֹ תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״גִּבָּרַיָּא״: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Of the thirty.** Of all thirty in this section. Yonoson translates: "mighty men".²³ footnotes: ²³ This is how he translates the word שְׁלשִׁים. ###### Rashi on II Samuel 23:39:1 [Rashi on II Samuel 23:39:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20II%20Samuel/r/23:39:1) **שְׁלֹשִׁים וְשִׁבְעָה.** וְאֵינָן מְנוּיִן כָּאן. וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר: יוֹאָב לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לְהַזְכִּיר, שֶׁהוּא שַׂר הַצָּבָא, וּשְׁאָר שֶׁחָסְרוּ, שֶׁמָּא בְּנֵי (ישי) [צ״ל יָשָׁן יְהוֹנָתָן] שְׁלֹשָׁה אוֹ אַרְבָּעָה הָיוּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Thirty-seven.** They are not [all] mentioned here²⁴ and I say Yoav did not have to be mentioned because he was the general [commanding] the army and the rest that are missing it is possible that they are three or four sons of Yeshai.²⁵ footnotes: ²⁴ Rashi seems to hold that only thirty-three of the thirty-seven are accounted for, the three first warriors, Adino, Elozor and Ahamoh. Then the thirty that are enumerated starting from verse 24 but not including Asoel, see the Metsudos Dovid on that verse. ²⁵ Having accounted for thirty-three out of thirty-seven, four are missing. Rashi seems to be offering two distinct possible answers, either the four are Yoav and three of Yeshai’s sons or Yoav is not being counted here as part of the group of thirty-seven and the four missing are all sons of Yeshai.