## Rashi on Isaiah Chapter 28

###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:1:1)

**שִׁכּוֹרֵי אֶפְרַיִם.** שֶׁהָיוּ מִשְׁתַּכְּרִין בְּיַיִן טוֹב שֶׁל מְדִינַת פְּרוּגִיתָא, כִּדְאָמַר (שבת קמז ב): מַיָּא דְּדוֹרְמַסְקִית וְחַמְרָא דִּפְרוּגִיתָא קִפְּחוּ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַשְּׁבָטִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the drunkards of Ephraim** who would become intoxicated with the wine of the state of Prugitha, as (the Rabbis) stated (Shabbath 147b): The water of Damascus and the wine of Prugitha robbed away the ten tribes.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:1:2)

**וְצִיץ נֹבֵל צְבִי תִפְאַרְתּוֹ.** וּמַצַּב מַטַּע תִּפְאַרְתּוֹ יִהְיֶה צִיץ הַפֶּרַח שֶׁלּוֹ **נוֹבֵל.** הֵם תְּאֵנִים הַמְקֻלְקָלוֹת, כְּמוֹ שֶׁשָּׁנִינוּ בִּבְרָכוֹת (ברכות מ ב) עַל הַנּוֹבְלוֹת, וּפֵרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: בְּשׁוּלֵי כַּמְרָא, וְ**צִיץ** נֵץ, כְּדִמְתַרְגְּמִינָן (במדבר יז:כג) ״וַיָּצֵץ צִיץ״ – ״וְאָנֵץ נֵץ״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the young fruit of an inferior fig is the position of his glory** And the position of the planting of his glory - the young fruit of his blossom shall be **inferior figs** (נֹבֵל) They are the spoiled figs, as we learned in Berachoth (40b): For noveloth. And our Sages explained: Burned by the heat. **young fruit** (צִיץ) synonymous with נֵץ, as the Targum renders: (Num. 27:13) וַיָּצֵץ צִיץ, “and it produced young fruit,” as וְאָנֵץ נֵץ.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:1:3)

**אֲשֶׁר** נְטוּעִים **עַל רֹאשׁ גֵּיא שְׁמָנִים.** הִיא כִּנֶּרֶת, שֶׁפֵּרוֹתֶיהָ מְתוּקִים, וְשָׁם הֵם הוֹלְמִים עַצְמָן בְּ**יָיִן**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**which is** planted **at the head of a valley of fatness** That is Kinnereth, whose fruits are sweet, and there they crush themselves with wine.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:1:4)

**הֲלוּמֵי יָיִן.** ״כְּתוּשֵׁי חֲמַר״. וְיֵשׁ עוֹד לִפְתּוֹר **צְבִי תִפְאַרְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עַל וְגוֹ׳**: צְבִי הַתִּפְאֶרֶת שֶׁעַל רֹאשׁ עֲשֶׂרֶת הַשְּׁבָטִים, הַמְּשׁוּחִין בְּגֵאוּת רָאשֵׁי שְׁמָנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עמוס ו:ו) ״רֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ״. **גֵּיא** לְשׁוֹן ׳גַּאֲוָה׳, כְּמוֹ (ישעיהו טז:ו) ״מוֹאָב גֵּיא מְאֹד״ (וְאוֹתוֹ הַצִּיץ כְּצִיצַת נוֹבֵל תִּהְיֶה). **הֲלוּמֵי יָיִן.** כָּךְ קוֹרְאָן עַל שֵׁם שִׁכְרוּתָן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהֶם (עמוס ו:ו) ״הַשּׁוֹתִים בְּמִזְרְקֵי יָיִן״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**crushed with wine** הֲלוּמֵי יַיִן. This may also be interpreted as follows: צבי תפארתו אשר על ראש וכו', (his glorious beauty, which is, etc.): His glorious beauty, which is on the head of the ten tribes, anointed with pride with the best oils, as it is said (Amos 6:6): “With the best oils they anoint themselves.” גֵּיא is an expression of pride, as (supra 16:6): “Moab, they have become very proud.” (And that blossom will be like a wilting blossom) crushed by wine. So he calls them because of their drunkenness, and it is said concerning them (Amos 6:6): “Those who drink with basins of wine.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:2:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:2:1)

**הִנֵּה** יֵשׁ רוּחַ **חָזָק וְאַמִּץ לַה׳**, שֶׁהוּא **כְּזֶרֶם בָּרָד** וְ**שַׂעַר קֶטֶב** מְרִירִי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Behold** The Lord has a strong and powerful wind, which is like a downpour of hail and a storm of קֶטֶב מְרִירִי, bitter destruction.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:2:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:2:2)

**הִנִּיחַ לָאָרֶץ בְּיָד.** יַנִּיחֵהוּ עַל אַרְצָם בְּיָדוֹ הַחֲזָקָה, וְיַפִּיל הַנּוֹבְלוֹת מִן הַתְּאֵנִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He lays it on the land with [His] hand** He shall place it on their land with His strong hand and cast down the inferior figs from fig trees.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:4:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:4:1)

**כְּבִכּוּרָהּ בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ.** כְּבִשּׁוּלָהּ שֶׁל תְּאֵנַת **צִיץ נֹבֵל**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**as a fig that ripens before the summer** like the ripening of the young fruits of an inferior fig.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:4:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:4:2)

**בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ.** עֵת בִִּשּׁוּל שְׁאָר הַתְּאֵנִים, אֲשֶׁר מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהִיא בְּכוּרָה קוֹפֵץ עָלֶיהָ וּבוֹלְעָהּ בְּעוֹדָהּ בְּכַפּוֹ, כָּךְ ״וַיִּשְׁקֹד עַל הָרָעָה וַיְבִיאֶהָ עָלֵינוּ״ (דניאל ט:יד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**before the summer** the time of the ripening of other figs, which, because of its early ripening, he pounces on it and swallows it while it is still in his hand. So (Dan. 9:14), “He hastened the evil and brought it upon us.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:5:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:5:1)

**בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא.** כְּהִתָּם הַפּוֹשְׁעִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**On that day** When the transgressors are destroyed.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:5:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:5:2)

**יִהְיֶה ה׳ צְבָאוֹת לַעֲטֶרֶת צְבִי.** לַצַּדִּיקִים הַנִּשְׁאָרִים בָּהּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for a crown of beauty** for the remaining righteous men among them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:6:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:6:1)

**וּלְרוּחַ מִשְׁפָּט.** יִהְיֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְהוֹרוֹת מִשְׁפָּט:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And for a spirit of justice** will the Holy One, blessed be He, be, i.e., to teach justice, to him who sits in judgment.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:6:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:6:2)

**לַיּוֹשֵׁב עַל הַמִּשְׁפָּט וְלִגְבוּרָה.** יִהְיֶה לְאוֹתָן שֶׁהֵם **מְשִׁיבֵי מִלְחָמָה**, מִלְחַמְתָּהּ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה (מגילה טו ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and for might** will He be for those who bring back the war, the war of Torah.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:7:1)

**וְגַם אֵלֶּה.** יוֹשְׁבֵי **מִשְׁפָּט** וּ**מְשִׁיבֵי מִלְחָמָה** שֶׁבַּדּוֹר הַזֶּה, כְּלוֹמַר: טוֹבִים וַחֲשׁוּבִים שֶׁבָּהֶן, **בַּיַּיִן שָׁגוּ**, כִּי עַתָּה אֵין טוֹב בָּהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**These too** who sit in judgment and return the war in this generation, i.e., the best and most esteemed among them, erred because of wine, for now there is no good in them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:7:2)

**שָׁגוּ בָּרֹאֶה.** הִלְעִיגוּ בְּדִבְרֵי הַנְּבִיאִים, וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם בְּמַאֲכַל מַעֲדַנִּים, שֶׁרָאוּהוּ עֹנֶג לָהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they erred against the seer** They mocked the words of the prophets. Jonathan renders: with eating delicacies, which they saw as a pleasure to them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:7:3)

**פָּקוּ פְּלִילִיָּה.** הִכְשִׁילוּ הַמִּשְׁפָּט:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they caused justice to stumble** (פָּקוּ פְּלִילֶיהָ), they caused justice to stumble.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:7:4)

**פָּקוּ.** לְשׁוֹן ״פִּיק בִּרְכַּיִם״ (נחום ב:יא), ״פּוּקָה״ (שמואל א כה:לא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
פָּקוּ is an expression similar to (Nahum 2:11), “The stumbling (פִּיק) of knees”; (I Sam. 25:31) “A stumbling block (פּוּקָה).”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:8:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:8:1)

**כִּי כָּל שֻׁלְחָנוֹת.** שֶׁלָּהֶם, שֶׁל זִבְחֵי מֵתִים הֵם, שֶׁהֵם כְּ**קִיא צוֹאָה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For all tables** I.e., all their tables are of sacrifices for the dead, i.e., the pagan deities, which are like vomit and ordure.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:8:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:8:2)

**בְּלִי מָקוֹם.** אֵין הַדַּעַת סוֹבַלְתָּן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**without a place** (I.e.) the mind cannot tolerate them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:9:1)

**אֶת מִי יוֹרֶה דֵעָה.** שֶׁמָּא לְתִינוֹקוֹת שֶׁאֵין יוֹדְעִין לְהָבִין, כִּי הַגְּדוֹלִים פָּנוּ לְדֶרֶךְ רָעָה?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Whom shall he teach knowledge** Perhaps to babes who know not to understand, since the adults have turned to an evil way?


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:9:2)

**גְּמוּלֵי מֵחָלָב.** בְּדוּלֵי מֵחָלָב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**those weaned from milk** separated from milk.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:9:3)

**עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָיִם.** לְשׁוֹן ״וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם״ (בראשית יב:ח). דָּבָר אַחֵר: בְּדוּלִים מִן הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּקְרֵאת חָלָב, וְ**עַתִּיקֵי מִשָּׁדָיִם** מוּסָרִים מִלִּפְנֵי תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**removed from breasts** (עַתִּיקֵי) an expression similar to (Gen. 12:8), “And he removed (וַיַּעְתֵּק) from there.” Alternatively, separated from the Torah, which is called milk, and removed from breasts, removed from before Torah scholars.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:10:1)

**כִּי צַו לָצָו צַו לָצָו.** נָבִיא מְצַוֶּה לָהֶם מֵאֵת הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וְהֵם יֵשׁ לָהֶם צַו שֶׁל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּנֶגֶד צַו זֶה; וְחוֹזֵר הַנָּבִיא וּמוֹכִיחָם, וְהֵם תָּמִיד אוֹמְרִים: ״יֵשׁ לָנוּ צַו לְצַו שֶׁלָּנוּ חָשׁוּב מִשֶּׁלְּךָ״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For a precept for a precept, a precept for a precept** The prophet commands them from the Holy One, blessed be He, but they - they have a precept of the idols, equal to this precept, and the prophet repeatedly admonishes them, and they always say, “We have a precept for the precept.” Ours is superior to yours.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:10:2)

**קַו לָקָו.** יֵשׁ לָהֶם קַו מִשְׁקוֹלֶת מִשְׁפְּטֵי רֶשַׁע כְּנֶגֶד קַו הַצֶּדֶק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a line for a line** They have a plumb-line of wicked judgments equal to the plumb- line of justice.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:10:3)

**זְעֵיר שָׁם.** הַנָּבִיא אוֹמֵר לָהֶם: עוֹד מְעַט תָּבוֹא עֲלֵיכֶם רָעָה, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים: ״זְעֵיר שָׁם, יְמַהֵר יָחִישָׁה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ״ (ישעיהו ה:יט) לְיָמִים מוּעָטִין:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a little there, a little there** The prophet says to them, “In a short time evil will come upon you,” and they say, “A little there, let Him hurry, let Him hasten His deeds in a short time.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:11:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:11:1)

**בְּלַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה.** וְכֵן כָּל לְשׁוֹן לְעָגִים, וְכֵן (ישעיהו לב:ד) ״עִלְּגִים״, שְׁנֵיהֶם לְשׁוֹן הָפוּךְ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְיֻשָּׁר לְהִשָּׁמַע:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**With distorted speech** (בְּלַעֲגֵי שָׂפָה) Similarly, לְעָגִים and (infra 32:4), עִלְּגִים, are both expressions of distorted speech, which is not readily grasped.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:11:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:11:2)

**יְדַבֵּר אֶל הָעָם הַזֶּה.** כָּל הַמְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם דְּבַר נְבוּאָה וְתוֹכָחָה, דּוֹמֶה לָהֶם לְלָשׁוֹן נִלְעָג, שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לְהָבִין בּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he speaks to this people** Everyone who speaks to them words of prophecy or admonition is to them like a distorted language, which they cannot understand.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:12:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:12:1)

**אֲשֶׁר אָמַר** הַנָּבִיא לָהֶם **זֹאת הַמְּנוּחָה** – לִהְיוֹתְכֶם בְּשַׁלְוָה, **הָנִיחוּ לֶעָיֵף** – שֶׁלֹּא תִגְזְלוּהוּ, **זֹאת** תִּהְיֶה לָכֶם **הַמַּרְגֵּעָה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For he said** The prophet said to them, “This is the rest,” that you should have rest, “give rest to the weary,” that you shall not rob him, “and this” shall be “tranquility” for them (var. for you).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:13:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:13:1)

**וְהָיָה לָהֶם דְּבַר ה׳ וגו׳.** כְּמִדָּתָם יִמְדּוֹד לָהֶם, יִגְזוֹר שֶׁדְּבָרוֹ עֲלֵיהֶם **צַו** שֶׁל אֻמּוֹת הַמִּשְׁתַּעְבְּדִים בָּם עַל **צַו**, פְּקוּדָה עַל פְּקוּדָה, עֲבוֹדָה עַל עֲבוֹדָה,**קַו** שֶׁל פֻּרְעָנוּת כְּנֶגֶד **קַו** שֶׁל עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדָם, **קַו לָקָו** תִּקְוָה חִלּוּף תִּקְוָה, יְקַוּוּ לְאוֹר וְהִנֵּה חֹשֶׁךְ (איוב ג:ט):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And the word of the Lord shall be, etc.** According to their measure, He shall mete out to them; He shall decree upon them with His word upon them, a precept of the nations that enslave them, upon a precept, a command upon a command, labor upon labor; a line of retribution commensurate with the line of sins that they committed (lit., in their hand); קַו לָקָו, derived from קוה, a hope instead of a hope; they will hope for light, and behold, there will be darkness.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:13:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:13:2)

**זְעֵיר שָׁם זְעֵיר שָׁם.** לְיָמִים מוּעָטִים תָּבֹא עֲלֵיהֶם, וְהֵם יִתְמַעֲטוּ שָׁם בְּאֶרֶץ אוֹיְבֵיהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a little there, a little there** In a short time, it shall come upon them, and they shall become few there in the land of their enemies.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:14:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:14:1)

**מֹשְׁלֵי הָעָם הַזֶּה.** הָאוֹמְרִים **לָצוֹן** בְּלָשׁוֹן מָשָׁל, כְּגוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the allegorists of this people** who express their scorn as an allegory, such as:


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:1)

**כָּרַתְנוּ בְרִית אֶת מָוֶת.** שֶׁלֹּא יָבֹא עָלֵינוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**We made a treaty with death** that it come not upon us.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:2)

**עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה.** גְּבוּל שֶׁלֹּא יַעַבְרֶנְהוּ, וְכֵן ״מְחוֹז חֶפְצָם״ (תהלים קז:ל), וְכֵן ״מֶחֱזָה אֶל מֶחֱזָה״ (מלכים א ז:ה), כֻּלָּם לְשׁוֹן ׳גְּבוּל׳ הֵם וְחִיצוֹנוֹ שֶׁל דָּבָר, אשומיי״ר בלע״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**we have made a limit** a boundary that it should not cross. Comp. (Ps. 117:30) “the boundary (מְחוֹז) of their desire,” similarly (I Kings 7:4), “An edge opposite an edge (מֶחֱזָה אֶל מֶחֱזָה). They are all an expression of a boundary and an extremity of a thing, asomajjl in O.F.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:3)

**שִׁיט שׁוֹטֵף.** מַכָּה הַמִּתְהַלֶּכֶת בָּאָרֶץ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**an overflowing scourge** a scourge that travels throughout the land.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:4)

**לֹא יְבוֹאֵנוּ.** לֹא יָבֹא עָלֵינוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**it shall not come upon us** (יְבוֹאֵנוּ), the usual form for a transitive verb with a direct object. It shall not come upon us.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:5
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:5)

**שַׂמְנוּ כָזָב.** שַׂמְנוּ עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**we have made lies** We have made idolatry.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:6
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:6)

**מַחְסֵנוּ.** מַחֲסֶה שֶׁלָּנוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**our shelter** (מַחְסֵנוּ) our shelter.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:7
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:15:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:15:7)

**וּבַשֶּׁקֶר נִסְתָּרְנוּ.** בְּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בָּטַחְנוּ לְהַסְתִּירֵנוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and in falsehood have we hidden ourselves** We have hoped in idols to conceal us.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:16:1)

**הִנְנִי יִסַּד** לְשׁוֹן עָבָר הוּא, כְּמוֹ (אסתר א:ח) ״יִסַּד הַמֶּלֶךְ״, וְכֵן צָרִיךְ לְפוֹתְרוֹ: הִנְנִי הוּא אֲשֶׁר יִסַּד כְּבָר. (**בְּצִיּוֹן אֶבֶן** כְּבָר) נִגְזְרָה הַגְּזֵרָה לְפָנַי, וְהֶעֱמַדְתִּי מֶלֶךְ מָשִׁיחַ, שֶׁיְּהֵא בְּצִיּוֹן לְ**אֶבֶן בֹּחַן**, לְשׁוֹן מִבְצָר וְחֹזֶק, כְּמוֹ (ישעיהו לב:יד) ״עֹפֶל וָבַחַן״, וּכְמוֹ ״הֵקִימוּ בְחוּנָיו״ (ישעיהו כג:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Behold, I have laid a foundation** This is the past tense. Comp. (Esther 1:8) “For so had the king established (יִסַּד).” And so must it be interpreted: Behold, I am He Who has already laid [a stone in Zion. Already] a decree has been decreed before Me, and I have set up the King Messiah, who shall be in Zion as an אֶבֶן בּוֹחֵן, a fortress stone, an expression of a fortress and strength. Comp. (infra 32:14) “A tower and a fortress (וּבֹחֵן).” Comp. also (supra 23:13) “They erected its towers (בַּחוּנָיו).”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:16:2)

**מוּסָד מוּסָּד.** הָרִאשׁוֹן פַּתַּח לְפִי שֶׁהוּא דָבוּק, מוּסָד שֶׁל מוּסָד, שֶׁהוּא מוּסָד גָּמוּר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a foundation well founded** (מוּסַד מוּסָּד). The first one is voweled with a pattah because it is in the construct state, a foundation of a foundation, which is a solid foundation.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:16:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:16:3)

**הַמַּאֲמִין לֹא יָחִישׁ.** הַמַּאֲמִין דָּבָר זֶה לֹא יְמַהֲרֶנָּה, לֹא יֹאמַר: ״אִם אֱמֶת הוּא, יְמַהֵר לָבֹא״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the believer shall not hasten** Whoever believes this word shall not hasten it. He shall not say, “If it is true, let it come quickly.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:17:1)

**וְשַׂמְתִּי מִשְׁפָּט לְקָו.** לִפְנֵי בֹּא אוֹתוֹ מֶלֶךְ אָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם גְּזֵרוֹת לְהָתֵם הַפּוֹשְׁעִים שֶׁבָּכֶם, וְשַׂמְתִּי מִשְׁפָּט יִסּוּרִין לִהְיוֹת לְקָו, כְּלוֹמַר: אָשִׂים קַו מִדַּת יִסּוּרִין לְהָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם, וְאֶת **צְדָקָה** אָשִׂים שֶׁתְּהֵא **מִשְׁקֹלֶת** הַמְיַשֶּׁרֶת בִּנְיַן הַבּוֹנִין בַּחוֹמוֹת, כְּלוֹמַר: שֶׁתְּהֵא צְדָקָה מְהַלֶּכֶת לִפְנֵיהֶם וּמְיַשֶּׁרֶת דַּרְכֵיהֶם, שֶׁיִּכְלוּ הַפּוֹשְׁעִים וְנוֹתְרוּ הַצַּדִּיקִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And I will make justice the line** Before the advent of that king, I will bring decrees upon you to end the transgressors among you, and I will make the judgment of chastening to the line; i.e., I will make the line the standard of chastening (var. the line of My standard, chastening), to bring upon you, and righteousness I will make that it should be the plummet that straightens the building of walls, i.e. that righteousness shall go before them and straighten their ways, that the transgressors shall be destroyed and the righteous shall remain.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:17:2)

**וְיָעָה בָרָד מַחְסֵה כָזָב.** אוֹתוֹ כִּסּוּי שֶׁאֲמַרְתֶּם **כִּי שַׂמְנוּ כָזָב מַחְסֵנוּ**, יָבֹא בָרָד וִיטַאטְאֵנוּ. **וְיָעָה** לְשׁוֹן ׳טִאוּט׳, כְּמוֹ ״אֶת הַיָּעִים״ (מלכים א ז:מ) שֶׁגּוֹרְפִין בָּהֶן אֵפֶר הַכִּירוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and hail shall sweep away the shelter of lies** That covering that you said, “For we have made lies our shelter,” I will bring hail and it shall sweep it away. (וְיָעָה) is an expression of sweeping. Comp. (I Kings 7:40) “the shovels (הַיָּעִים)” with which they scoop up the ashes from the stoves.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:17:3)

**וְסֵתֶר**, שֶׁאֲמַרְתֶּם עָלָיו **וּבַשֶּׁקֶר נִסְתָּרְנוּ** הַמַּיִם יִשְׁטְפוּהוּ, כְּלוֹמַר: אָבִיא הֲמוֹן אֻמּוֹת שֶׁיִּשְׁבְּרוּ מַצֵּבוֹתֵיכֶם וּפְסִילֵיכֶם. וְלָשׁוֹן **מִשְׁפָּט** הָאָמוּר כָּאן יושטיצ״א בלע״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the hiding place** concerning which you said, “And in falsehood have we hidden ourselves,” the water shall flood it, i.e. I will bring a multitude of nations that will break your monuments and your graven images. The expression of מִשְׁפָּט mentioned here is jostise (justice) in O.F.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:18:1)

**וְכֻפַּר בְּרִיתְכֶם אֶת מָוֶת.** וְיִתְבַּטֵּל הַבְּרִית אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם **כָּרַתְנוּ בְרִית אֶת מָוֶת**. כָּל ׳כַּפָּרָה׳ לְשׁוֹן ׳קִנּוּחַ׳ וְ׳סִלּוּק דָּבָר׳, וְכֵן ״אֲכַפְּרָה פָנָיו״ (בראשית לב:כא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And your treaty with death shall be nullified** The treaty about which you said, “We have made a treaty with death,” shall be nullified. Every expression of כַּפָּרָה, atonement, is really an expression of wiping or removing something. Compare (Gen. 32:21): “I shall appease (אֲכַפְּרָה) his anger,” (lit., I will wipe away his anger.)


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:18:2)

**וְחָזוּתְכֶם**, אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם: **עִם שְׁאוֹל עָשִׂינוּ חֹזֶה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and your limit** which you said, “With the grave we set a limit.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:18:3)

**שׁוֹט שׁוֹטֵף.** אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם **לֹא יְבוֹאֶנּוּ, וִהְיִיתֶם לוֹ לְמִרְמָס**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**an overflowing scourge** which you said, “will not come upon us,” you shall be trampled by it.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:19:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:19:1)

**בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר.** כְּלוֹמַר, תָּדִיר תָּדִיר אָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם גְּזֵרוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**every morning** I.e., I will always bring decrees upon you.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:19:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:19:2)

**וְהָיָה רַק זְוָעָה הָבִין שְׁמוּעָה.** זְוָעָה לְכָל הַשּׁוֹמְעִים לְהָבִין שְׁמוּעוֹת פֻּרְעָנוּת הַקָּשׁוֹת שֶׁאָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם, כָּל הַשּׁוֹמְעִים יָזוּעוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and it shall be sheer terror to understand the message** Terror for all those who hear, to understand the messages of the harsh retributions that I will bring upon you. All who hear shall quake.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:20:1)

**כִּי קָצַר הַמַּצָּע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ.** כִּי אָבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם שׂוֹנֵא דּוֹחֵק אֶתְכֶם, אֲשֶׁר לֹא תוּכְלוּ לְהַסְפִּיק עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, כְּשֶׁיַּצִּיעַ מַצָּעוֹ עֲלֵיכֶם יִקְצַר לוֹ **מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ** הַשּׁוֹכֵב עָלָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For the bed is too short for one to stretch** When I bring the enemy upon you, he shall press you so that you will not be able to supply his work. When he spreads out his bed upon you, it will be too short for the one who lies on it to stretch.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:20:2)

**מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ.** מִהִשְׁתַּטֵּחַ לְהַאֲרִיךְ אֵיבָרָיו, אישטנדליי״ר בלע״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to stretch** (מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ) to lengthen one’s limbs, estandejlejjr in O.F.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:20:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:20:3)

**וְהַמַּסֵּכָה צָרָה.** הַנָּסִיךְ שֶׁיִּמְשׁוֹל עֲלֵיכֶם יִהְיֶה מְקוֹמְכֶם דָּחוּק לוֹ בְּהִתְכַּנְּסוֹ לְתוֹכוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דְּרָשׁוּהוּ (יומא טב) עַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִכְנִיס מְנַשֶּׁה לַהֵיכָל (דברי הימים ב לג:ז): **קָצַר הַמַּצָּע** הַזֶּה **מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ**, מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵר עָלָיו שְׁנֵי רֵעִים. וַאֲנִי פֵּרַשְׁתִּיו לְפִי פְּשׁוּטוֹ, וּבְדֶרֶךְ זֶה תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן. וְאַף מִדְרַשׁ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ יֵשׁ לְיַשְּׁבוֹ עַל אֹפֶן הַדִּבּוּר, כְּלוֹמַר: לָמָּה אֲנִי מֵבִיא עֲלֵיכֶם פֻּרְעָנוּת זוֹ? לְפִי שֶׁ**קָּצַר הַמַּצָּע מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ** אֲנִי לְבַדִּי עָלָיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ח:כז) ״הִנֵּה הַשָּׁמַיִם לֹא יְכַלְכְּלוּךָ״, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בְּהַכְנִיסְכֶם מַסֵּכָה עִמִּי, כִּבְיָכוֹל צַר לָנוּ הַמָּקוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the ruler it shall be narrow** (וְהַמַּסֵּכָה) The prince who will rule over you - your place will be cramped for him when he enters it. Our Rabbis, however, expounded it as referring to the idol that Manasseh brought into the heichal, (the Temple proper) (II Chron. 33:7). This bed is too short מֵהִשְׂתָּרֵעַ, for two friends to rule over it. I explained it according to its simple meaning, and in this manner Jonathan rendered it. The Midrashic interpretation of our Rabbis, however, can be reconciled with the context. I.e., why do I bring this retribution upon you? Because the bed is too narrow for Me alone to stretch out on it, as it is said (I Kings 8:27): “Behold the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain You.” Surely, when you bring in a molten image with Me, so to speak, the place is too narrow for us.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:21:1)

**כִּי כְהַר פְּרָצִים.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״אֲרֵי כְּמָא דְזָעוּ טוּרַיָּא כַּד אִתְגְּלִי יְקָרָא דַה׳ בְּיוֹמֵי עֻזִּיָּה מַלְכָּא (ישעיהו ו:ד), וּכְנִיסִין דַּעֲבִיד לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּמֵישַׁר גִּבְעוֹן (יהושע י:יב) וְכוּ׳, כֵּן יִתְגְּלֵי לְאִתְפָּרְעָא מִדְּעַבְדִין וְכוּ׳״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For like the mountain of breaches** Jonathan paraphrases: For, just as the mountains quaked when the glory of the Lord was revealed on the day of King Uzziah, (supra. 6:4,) and as the miracles He performed for Joshua in the valley of Gibeon (Jos. 10:12f) (to punish the wicked who transgressed His word,) so shall He be revealed to punish those who perform (strange deeds, strange are their deeds, and those who worship pagan deities, strange is their worship).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:21:2)

**זָר מַעֲשֵׂהוּ.** יִדְמֶה לָכֶם לְזָר, כִּי יָבוֹא עֲלֵיכֶם פֻּרְעָנוּת קָשָׁה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**strange is His deed** He will seem to you as a stranger, for He will bring upon them ([all other editions:] upon you) harsh retribution.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:21:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:21:3)

**וְלַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדָתוֹ.** לַעֲשׂוֹת מְלַאכְתּוֹ, כְּמוֹ ׳עֲבוֹדַת הָאֲדָמָה׳, לבורי״ר בלע״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and to perform His work** (וְלַעֲבֹד עֲבֹדָתוֹ) like work of the soil, ‘laborer’ in O.F.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:22:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:22:1)

**וְעַתָּה אַל תִּתְלוֹצָצוּ.** לֵאמֹר ״כָּרַתְנוּ בְרִית אֶת מָוֶת״ (ישעיהו כח:טו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And now, do not scorn** saying, “We have made a treaty with death.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:22:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:22:2)

**מוֹסְרֵיכֶם.** יִסּוּרִין:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**your pains** (מוֹסְרֵיכֶם) your pains.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:24:1)

**הֲכֹל הַיּוֹם** לְשׁוֹן תְּמִיהָה הוּא, לְכָךְ נָקוּד חֲטַף פַּתַּח:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**all day** This is the interrogative. Therefore, it is voweled with a hataf pattah.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:24:2)

**יַחֲרֹשׁ.** מִי שֶׁחוֹרֵשׁ לִזְרוֹעַ, וְכִי הַחוֹרֵשׁ כְּדֵי לִזְרֹעַ לְעוֹלָמִים חוֹרֵשׁ? אִם כֵּן, מַה יּוֹעִיל? אַף הַנְּבִיאִים מוֹכִיחִים אֶתְכֶם לְהַחֲזִירְכֶם לְמוּטָב, הַלְּעוֹלָמִים יוֹכִיחוּ וְלֹא יוֹעִילוּ?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall...plow** One who plows to sow - does the one who plows to sow plow forever? If so, what does he accomplish? Similarly, the prophets admonish you to bring you back to do good deeds. Shall they admonish forever and not accomplish?


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:24:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:24:3)

**יִפְתַּח וִישַׂדֵּד אַדְמָתוֹ.** וְכִי לְעוֹלָם לֹא יִזְרַע, אֶלָּא תָּמִיד יִפְתַּח אֶת הָאֲדָמָה בְּאִתִּים וּבִכְלֵי מַחֲרֵשָׁה? **וִישַׂדֵּד** לְשׁוֹן עֲבוֹדַת שָׂדֶה. **יִפְתַּח וִישַׂדֵּד** – בִּתְחִלָּה הוּא עוֹשֶׂה תְּלָמִים רְחָבִים וְסוֹף הוּא עוֹשֶׂה תְּלָמִים קְטַנִּים בְּמִדְרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Shall he open and harrow his soil?** Shall he never sow but always open the soil with plowshares and plowing implements? יְשַׂדֵּד is an expression of work of the field. Shall he open and harrow? First he makes wide furrows and later he makes small furrows. This we learned in the Midrash of Rabbi Tanhuma.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:25:1)

**הֲלוֹא** כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ הַחוֹרֵשׁ: כֵּיוָן שֶׁחוֹרֵשׁ, מַשְׁוֶה פְּנֵי הָאֲדָמָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ זוֹרֵעַ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Is it not** so that the plowman, as soon as he plows, smooths the surface of the soil and afterwards sows.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:25:2)

**וְהֵפִיץ קֶצַח.** אִם קֶצַח בָּא לִזְרוֹעַ, זוֹרְעָהּ בִּתְפוּצָה, וְאִם **כַמֹּן** בָּא לִזְרוֹעַ, זוֹרְעוֹ בִּזְרִיקָה. **קֶצַח** מִין אֹכֶל הוּא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he scatters the black cumin** If he comes to sow black cumin, he sows it by scattering it, and if he comes to sow cumin, he sows it by casting it. קצח is a kind of food.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:25:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:25:3)

**וְשָׂם חִטָּה שׂוֹרָה וּשְׂעֹרָה נִסְמָן וְכֻסֶּמֶת גְּבֻלָתוֹ.** וְאִם תְּבוּאָה בָּא לִזְרֹעַ, כָּךְ הוּא מִנְהָגוֹ: זוֹרֵעַ הַחִטִּין בְּאֶמְצַע הַחֲרִישָׁה, וְהַשְּׂעוֹרָה זוֹרֵעַ סָבִיב לָהֶם לָהֶם, וְהַכּוּסְמִין זוֹרְעָהּ עַל גְּבוּלֵי הַשָּׂדֶה וּמְצָרָיו. **שׂוֹרָה** לְשׁוֹן ׳שְׂרָרָה׳, זוֹרֵעַ בָּאֶמְצַע, וְנִמְצָאָה שׂוֹרָה עַל הַשְּׂעוֹרִין וְהַכּוּסְמִין:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and he places the prominent wheat, and the barley for a sign, and the spelt on its borders** And if he comes to sow grain, this is his custom. He sows the wheat in the middle of the furrow, and the barley he sows around it for a sign, and the spelt he sows on the borders of the field [and its boundaries]. שׂוֹרָה is an expression of ruling (שְׂרָרָה). He sows it in the center, and it appears ([printed editions] is found) to rule over the barley and the spelt.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:26:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:26:1)

**וְיִסְּרוֹ לַמִּשְׁפָּט וְגוֹ׳.** אַף מִי שֶׁ**אֱלֹהָיו יוֹרֶנּוּ**, לֹא לָנֶצַח יִשְׁלַח נְבִיאִים לְהוֹכִיחוֹ. אַחֲרֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ שׁוֹמֵעַ לַתּוֹכָחָה, הוּא יְיַסְּרֶנּוּ בְּמִשְׁפְּטֵי יִסּוּרִין כְּדֵי שֶׁתּוֹעִיל עֲמַל תּוֹכַחְתּוֹ שֶׁהוֹכִיחַ, כָּזֶה שֶׁמַשְׁוֶה פְּנֵי הָאָרֶץ לִזְרוֹעַ כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּצְלַח עֲמַל חֲרִישָׁתוֹ שֶׁחָרַשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And He shall chasten him justly** Likewise, he whose God directs him, He shall not send prophets forever to admonish him. Since he does not heed admonition, He shall chasten him with judgments of chastening in order that the toil of His admonition will help, like the one who smoothes the surface of the earth to sow, in order that the toil of his plowing that he plowed shall succeed.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:27:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:27:1)

**בֶחָרוּץ.** הוּא עֵץ עָשׂוּי חֲרִיצִים חֲרִיצִים, וּשְׁמוֹ ״מוֹרַג״ (ישעיהו מא:טו), וּמְחַתֵּךְ בּוֹ הַקַּשִּׁין לִהְיוֹת תֶּבֶן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**with a grooved [implement]** That is a wooden implement, made with grooves, and its name is מוֹרַג, a threshing-board, and one cuts the straw with it to be straw fodder.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:27:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:27:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:27:2)

**כִּי לֹא בֶחָרוּץ יוּדַשׁ קֶצַח.** לְפִי שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ נוֹחַ לָצֵאת מִתּוֹךְ קַשִּׁין שֶׁלּוֹ, וְכֵן עַל **כַּמֹּן** לֹא יָסִבּוּ **אוֹפַן עֲגָלָה** לְדוּשׁוֹ, לְפִי כִּי קַל הַקֶּצַח לְחוֹבְטָהּ **בַּמַטֶּה** וְהַ**כַּמֹּן בַּשָּׁבֶט**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For not with a grooved [implement]** do they thresh the black cumin, for its seed is easily extracted from within its straw, and, likewise, on cumin they do not turn the wheel of a wagon to thresh it, because the black cumin is easily beaten with a staff and the cumin with a rod.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:28:1)

**לֶחֶם יוּדָק.** וְאֶת מִי דָּקִים בִּדְבָרִים קָשִׁין? אֶת הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָהּ נוֹחָה לֵחָבֵט:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Bread grain is crushed** And whom (sic) do they crush with harsh implements? The bread of grain (sic), because it is not easily beaten.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:28:2)

**כִּי לֹא לָנֶצַח אָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ.** הֲרֵי ׳כִּי׳ זֶה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּלְשׁוֹן ׳אֶלָּא׳: לֹא לָנֶצַח כּוֹתְשִׁין עָלָיו, לְפִי שֶׁלְּעוֹלָם לֹא יִכְתְּשׁוּ גַּרְעִינֵי הַזֶּרַע לִהְיוֹת נִדָּשִׁין לִכָּתֵת עַל יְדֵי הֶחָרוּץ וְאוֹפַן הָעֲגָלָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but it is not threshed forever** This כִּי is used in the sense of ‘but.’ But they do not crush it forever, [because they will not crush the seed kernels forever for them to be threshed to be crushed through the threshing-board and the wagon wheel].


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:28:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:28:3)

**וְהָמַם גִּלְגַּל עֶגְלָתוֹ וּפָרָשָׁיו.** וּכְשֶׁמְּסַבְּבִין עָלָיו אוֹפַנֵּי עֲגָלָה לְדֻקּוֹ וּלְדוּשׁוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ הַגִּלְגַּל הוּמַם וּמִשְׁתַּבֵּר, וְכֵן שְׁאָר כְּלֵי הָעֲגָלָה עִמּוֹ הַמַּפְרִישִׁים אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה מִקַּשֶּׁיהָ **לֹא יְדֻקֶּנּוּ**, וְהַחִטִּים אֵינָם נִדֹּקִּין לִהְיוֹת נִטְחָנִין. אָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ – כְּמוֹ ״עָשֹׂה יַעֲשֶׂה״ (יחזקאל לא:יא), ״צָנוֹף יִצְנֹף״ (ישעיהו כב:יח), וְאָלֶ״ף זוֹ בָּאָה בִּמְקוֹם הֵ״א, כְּמוֹ ״וְאַחֲרֵי כֵן אֶתְחַבַּר יְהוֹשָׁפָט״ (דברי הימים ב כ:לה) כְּמוֹ הִתְחַבֵּר, אַף כָּאן הָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ, וְכֵן חִבְּרוֹ מְנַחֵם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the wheel of his wagon shall break and its separators** And when they turn the wagon wheels over to crush it and thresh it, even the wheel breaks, and the remaining implements of the wagon with it, that separate the grain from its straw, he will not crush it, and the wheat is not crushed to be ground. be threshed (אָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ. The repetition is peculiar.) Comp. (Ezekiel 31:11) “He will deal (עָשׂה יַעֲשֶׂה),” also (supra 22:18): “He shall wind you around (צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ).” And this ‘alef’ comes instead of a ‘heh’. Comp. (II Chron. 20:35) “And afterwards Jehoshaphat joined (אִתְחַבֵּר),” like הִתְחַבֵּר. Here too, אָדוֹשׁ[is like] הִדּוֹשׁ, and Menahem classified it in this manner (Machbereth p. 68).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:29:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:29:1)

**גַּם זֹאת מֵעִם וגו׳.** גַּם זֹאת, כְּדֶרֶךְ דָּשֵׁי תְּבוּאָה וְחוֹבְטֵי קֶצַח וְכַמֹּן, **מֵעִם** הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יָצָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**This too, etc.** This too, like the custom of threshers of grain and those who flail black cumin and cumin, comes forth from the Holy One, blessed be He.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 28:29:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 28:29:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/28:29:2)

**הִפְלִיא עֵצָה.** לְהַרְאוֹתְכֶם רְמָזִים בְּדֶרֶךְ חִדּוּשׁ מָשָׁל נִפְלָא וּמְכֻסֶּה, כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר הַכַּמּוֹן וְהַקֶּצַח אֵינָם מַכְבִּידִין עֲלֵיהֶם בִּמְדוּשָׁה רַבָּה, לְפִי שֶׁהֵם נֶחְבָּטִין בְּקַל, כָּךְ אִלּוּ הֱיִיתֶם מְמַהֲרִין לְקַבֵּל מוּסָר, לֹא הָיָה מַכְבִּיד עֲלֵיכֶם גְּזֵרוֹת; וְאַתֶּם קָשִׁים לְקַבֵּל תּוֹכָחוֹת כַּתְּבוּאָה הַקָּשָׁה לָדוּשׁ, לְכָךְ יַכְבִּיד עֲלֵיכֶם הַרְבֵּה, וְלֹא לָנֶצַח לְכִלָּיָה יָרִיב וִידַקֶּה, כַּאֲשֶׁר ״לֹא לָנֶצַח אָדוֹשׁ יְדוּשֶׁנּוּ״ (ישעיהו כח:כח), וְיִכְלוּ חִצֵּי מַכּוֹתָיו וְאַתֶּם לֹא תִכְלוּ, דֻּגְמַת הֲמִימַת הַגַּלְגַּל וְהָעֲגָלָה וְהַחִטִּין לֹא יִדֹּקּוּ; וְאִלּוּ הֱיִיתֶם נוֹחִים לִכְלוֹת, לֹא הָיָה בּוֹדֵק אֶתְכֶם בְּיִסּוּרִין קָשִׁין, כַּפִּשְׁתָּנִי הַזֶּה, כְּשֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁפִּשְׁתָּנוֹ יָפֶה, הוּא מְנַקֵּשׁ עָלֶיהָ (בראשית רבה לד ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He gave marvelous counsel** to show you hints in the manner of riddles and with an allegory, marvelous and obscure, for, just as with the cumin and the black cumin, with which they do not deal harshly by overthreshing them because they are easily flailed, so, if you would hasten to accept reproof, He would not bear heavily upon you with decrees, but since you are hard to accept reproof, like the grain that is hard to thresh, therefore, He will mete out heavy punishment upon you ([printed editions] - He will make it very heavy for you), but He will not strive and smite forever, ([certain editions]He will not strive and crush forever to destroy) just as one does not thresh forever, and His arrows and His blows shall terminate but you shall not terminate, in the manner that the wagon wheel breaks, but the wheat is not crushed. [If, however, you were easily destroyed, he would not test you with harsh afflictions, like the flax merchant, when he knows that his flax is of high quality, he beats it.]