## Rashi on Isaiah Chapter 31

###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:1:1)

**הוֹי.** עַל הוֹשֵׁעַ וַעֲשֶׂרֶת הַשְּׁבָטִים **הַיּוֹרְדִים מִצְרַיְמָה לְעֶזְרָה**, אֲשֶׁר שָׁלְחוּ ״מַלְאָכִים אֶל סוּא מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם״ (מלכים ב יז:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Woe** Concerning Hoshea and the ten tribes who went down to Egypt for aid, who sent emissaries to So, king of Egypt (II Kings 17).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:1:2)

**וְעַל סוּסִים.** הַבָּאִים מִשָּׁם, שֶׁהֵם קַלִּים לָרוּץ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**on horses** that come from there, for they are swift runners.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:1:3)

**יִשָּׁעֵנוּ.** (כְּמוֹ **״וְלֹא שָׁעוּ** אֶל **קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל״**), כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָשָׂה חִזְקִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב יח:ה-ז): ״בַּה׳ אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּטָח... וַיִּמְרֹד בְּמֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**rely** (יִשָּׁעֵנוּ) and they did not rely on the Holy One of Israel as Hezekiah did, concerning whom it is written: (II Kings 18:5,7): “He trusted in the Lord God of Israel...and he rebelled against the king of Assyria.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:2:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:2:1)

**וְאֶת דְּבָרָיו לֹא הֵסִיר.** אֲשֶׁר אָמַר ״וְהֶשִׁיבְךָ ה׳ מִצְרַיִם בָּאֳנִיּוֹת״ (דברים כח:סח), מִדָּה כְּנֶגֶד מִדָּה, שֶׁאָמַרְתִּי לְךָ (שם) ״לֹא תוֹסִיף עוֹד לִרְאוֹתָהּ״, וְאַתָּה הָלַכְתָּ מִדַּעְתְּךָ, סוֹפְךָ לֵילֵךְ בְּגָלוּת עַל כָּרְחֲךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and His words He did not retract** What He said, “And the Lord shall take you back to Egypt in ships” (Deut. 28:68). This is payment in kind, for I said to you, “You shall no longer see it (ibid.),” and you went there of your own free will. Eventually, you shall go there in exile against your will.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:2:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:2:2)

**וְקָם.** עַל עֲשֶׂרֶת הַשְּׁבָטִים, שֶׁהֵם **בֵּית מְרֵעִים**, וְעַל מִצְרַיִם, אֲשֶׁר הֵם לָהֶם **לְעֶזְרָה**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and He rose** on the ten tribes, who are a house of evildoers, and on the Egyptians who came to their aid.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:3:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:3:1)

**יַטֶּה יָדוֹ.** שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא סוֹמֵךְ הַכֹּל בְּיָדוֹ, וּכְשֶׁיַּטֶּה אוֹתָהּ יִפְּלוּ, כָּזֶה שֶׁאוֹחֵז דָּבָר בְּכַפּוֹ, וּכְשֶׁהוּא מַרְכִּין כַּפּוֹ הוּא נוֹפֵל. כָּךְ וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה (מכילתא בא שירה ט), וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם: ״יָרִים יַד מְחַת גְּבוּרְתֵּיהּ״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall turn His hand** For the Holy One, blessed be He, supports everything with His hand, and when He turns it, they will fall, like one who holds something in his hand, and when he inclines his hand, it falls. So is the Midrash Aggadah (Mechilta, Exodus 15:12). Jonathan, however, renders: shall raise the blow of His might.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:1)

**כַּאֲשֶׁר יֶהְגֶּה.** הֲמִיַּת קוֹל, כְּמוֹ ״וְכַיּוֹנִים הָגֹה נֶהְגֶּה״ (ישעיהו נט:יא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**As...growls** (יֶהְגֶּה) a roaring sound. Comp. (infra 59:11) “And like doves we will moan (הָגֹה נֶהְגֶּה) .”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:2)

**אֲשֶׁר יִקָּרֵא עָלָיו מְלֹא רֹעִים.** יֵאָסְפוּן עָלָיו בִּקְרִיאַת קוֹל הָמוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**although a band of shepherds gather against him** (יִקָּרֵא, lit., will be called.) They will gather upon him with a stirring shout.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:3)

**מְלֹא רוֹעִים.** אֲסִיפַת רוֹעִים, וְכֵן ״קָרְאוּ אַחֲרֶיךָ מָלֵא״ (ירמיהו יב:ו), וְכֵן ״יַחַד עָלַי יִתְמַלָּאוּן״ (איוב טז:י), כֻּלָּם לְשׁוֹן ׳קִבּוּץ׳:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**band of shepherds** (מְלֹא) a gathering of shepherds. Comp. (Jer. 12:6) “They called after you a band (מָלֵא).” Comp. also (Job 16:10) “Together they gather (יִתְמַלָּאוּן) against me.” All of these are expressions of gathering.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:4)

**לֹא יַעֲנֶה.** לֹא יִכָּנַע, לֹא יַעֲשֶׂה עַצְמוֹ עָנִי, וְכֵן ״לַעֲנֹת מִפָּנַי״ (שמות י:ג), וְכֵן ״וְעָנָה גְאוֹן יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (הושע ה:ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he is not subdued** (יַעֲנֶה) he will not humble himself, he will not make himself as a poor man. Comp. (Exodus 10:3) “To humble yourself (לֵעָנוֹת) from before Me.” Comp. also (Hosea 5:5) “And the pride of Israel shall be humbled (וְעָנָה).”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:5
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:4:5)

**כֵּן יֵרֵד.** וְלֹא יִפְחַד מֵהֲמוֹן הָאֻמּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**so shall...descend** (This intimates that God will descend) and will not be afraid of the stirring (or the multitude) of the nations.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:5:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:1)

**פָּסֹחַ.** דִּלּוּג, וְיֵשׁ עוֹד לְפָתְרוֹ לְשׁוֹן ׳חַיִּס׳ (מכילתא בא פסחא יא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**passing over** (פָּסוֹחַ) passing over. Alternatively, it may be interpreted as an expression of sparing.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:5:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:5:2)

**וְהִמְלִיט.** יוֹצִיא אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִן הַצָּרָה, לְשׁוֹן ׳הַמְלָטָה׳, אישקמוציי״ר בלע״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and rescuing** He will extricate Israel from the strait. This is an expression of rescue (esmoucer in O. F.).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:6:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:6:1)

**שׁוּבוּ.** לְמִי שֶׁהֶעֱמַקְתֶּם מַחֲשָׁבוֹת הֵיאַךְ לָסוּר מִמֶּנּוּ, וְסַרְתֶּם מֵעָלָיו, עַתָּה שׁוּבוּ אֵלָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Return** To the One about Whom you have thought deeply how to turn away from Him, now return to Him.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:9:1)

**וְסַלְעוֹ מִמָּגוֹר יַעֲבוֹר.** וְחָזְקוֹ מֵרֹב פַּחַד יֶחֱלָשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And his rock shall pass from fear** And his strength shall be weakened from great fear.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:9:2)

**וְחַתּוּ מִנֵּס.** מִפְּנֵי הַנִּסִּים, שֶׁיִּרְאוּ שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall be dismayed at the miracle** Because of the great miracles that the Holy One, blessed be He, performs for Israel.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 31:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/31:9:3)

**אֲשֶׁר אוּר לוֹ בְּצִיּוֹן.** שָׁם יִהְיֶה הָאֵשׁ מוּכָן לְשָׂרְפָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**whose fire is in Zion** There the fire will be prepared to burn them.