## Rashi on Isaiah Chapter 65

###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:1:1)

**נִדְרַשְׁתִּי לְלֹא שָׁאָלוּ.** הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשִׁיבוֹ: אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא לְהִנָּקֵם מֵהֶם, כִּי נִדְרַשְׁתִּי מֵהֶם לְהוֹכִיחָם עַל יְדֵי נְבִיאַי, וְהֵם לֹא הָיוּ שׁוֹאֲלִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I allowed Myself to be sought by those who did not ask** The Holy One, blessed be He, replies to him, It is impossible not to avenge Myself on them, for I allowed Myself to be sought by them by reproving them through My prophets, but they did not ask.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:1:2)

**אָמַרְתִּי הִנֵּנִי הִנֵּנִי.** שׁוּבוּ אֵלַי, וְהִנְנִי מוּכָן לְקַבֵּל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I said, “Here I am; here I am!”** Return to Me, and I am ready to accept you.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:1:3)

**אֶל גּוֹי לֹא קֹרָא בִשְׁמִי.** אֲשֶׁר לֹא הָיָה חָפֵץ לִהְיוֹת נִקְרָא עַל שְׁמִי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to a nation not called by My name** That did not wish to be called by My name.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:2:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:2:1)

**פֵּרַשְׂתִּי יָדַי.** כְּדֵי לְקַבְּלָם בִּתְשׁוּבָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I spread out My hands** in order to accept them with repentance.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:2:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:2:2)

**סוֹרֵר.** סָר מִן הַדֶּרֶךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**contrary** Heb. סוֹרֵר, turning away from the road.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:3:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:3:1)

**זֹבְחִים בַּגַּנּוֹת.** מַעֲמִידִים עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בְּגִנּוֹתֵיהֶן, וְשָׁם מְקַטְּרִין בְּשָׂמִים עַל הַלְּבֵנִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**those who sacrifice in gardens** They erect idols in their gardens, and there they burn incense on the bricks.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:4:1)

**הַיֹּשְׁבִים בַּקְּבָרִים.** שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה עֲלֵיהֶם רוּחַ טֻמְאָה שֶׁל שֵׁדִים (סנהדרין סד ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**They sit among the graves** so that a spirit of defilement of demons should rest upon them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:4:2)

**וּבַנְּצוּרִים.** הֵם פִּגְרֵי הַמֵּתִים, שֶׁהֵם כִּנְתוּנִים בְּמָצוֹר, שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לָצֵאת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and with corpses** Heb. וּבַנְּצוּרִים. They are the bodies of the dead, who are as placed in a siege (מָצוֹר), unable to get out.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:4:3)

**וּמְרַק פִּגֻּלִים.** רֹטֶב נִתְעָב, כְּמוֹ ״וְאֶת הַמָּרָק שְׁפֹךְ״ (שופטים ו:כ):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and broth of abominations** Heb. מְרַק, despicable broth. Comp. (Jud. 6:20) “And the broth (הַמָּרָק) pour out.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:5:1)

**הָאֹמְרִים.** אֶל הַצַּדִּיקִים **קְרַב אֵלֶיךָ**, עֲמוֹד בְּעַצְמְךָ וְ**אַל תִּגַּשׁ בִּי**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Those who say** to the righteous, קְרַב אֵלֶיךָ, “Keep to yourself and do not come near me.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:5:2)

**כִּי קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ.** כִּי קָדַשְׁתִּי וְטָהַרְתִּי יוֹתֵר מִמְּךָ; כֵּן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for I am holier than you** Heb. כִּי קְדַשְׁתִּיךָ. For I am holier and purer than you. In this manner Jonathan renders.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:5:3)

**אֵלֶּה.** הַתּוֹעֵבָה אֲשֶׁר עָשׂוּ, הִנֵּה לְ**עָשָׁן** חֵמָה **בְּאַפִּי**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**these** abominations that they committed are as smoke, wrath in My nostrils.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:6:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:6:1)

**הִנֵּה כְתוּבָה.** חַטָּאתָם **לְפָנַי**, כְּבָר נִגְזַר דִּינָם וְנֶחְתַּם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Behold it is inscribed** Their sin is inscribed before Me, and their sentence has already been decreed and sealed.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:7:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:7:1)

**עֲוֺנֹתֵיכֶם.** שֶׁלָּכֶם וְשֶׁל **אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם יַחְדָּיו** אֲשַׁלֵּם לָכֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Your iniquities** Yours and your forefathers’ together I will recompense you.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:8:1)

**כַּאֲשֶׁר יִמָּצֵא הַתִּירוֹשׁ בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: ״כְּמָה דְאִשְׁתְּכַח נֹחַ זַכַּאי בְּדָרָא דְטוֹפָנָא״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**As when wine is found in the cluster** Jonathan renders: As Noah was found innocent in the generation of the Flood.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:8:2)

**הַתִּירוֹשׁ.** זֶה נֹחַ, שֶׁהָיָה מָתוֹק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the wine** This is Noah, who was sweet.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:8:3)

**בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל.** בַּדּוֹר הַמְשֻׁכָּל, וְיֵשׁ לִפְתּוֹר כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**in the cluster** Heb. בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל. In the bereft (הַמְשֻׁכָּל) generation. This may also be interpreted according to its apparent meaning.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:8:4)

**לְמַעַן עֲבָדַי.** לְמַעַן כָּל צַדִּיק וְצַדִּיק הַנִּמְצָא בָּם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for the sake of My servants** For the sake of every righteous man found among them.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:10:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:10:1)

**הַשָּׁרוֹן.** שֵׁם מָחוֹז שֶׁהָיָה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the Sharon** The name of a region in the land of Israel.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:10:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:10:2)

**וְעֵמֶק עָכוֹר.** כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the Valley of Achor** As its apparent meaning.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:11:1)

**עֹזְבֵי ה׳.** רִשְׁעֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁהֶחֱזִיקוּ בַּעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וּמֵתוּ בְּרִשְׁעָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who forsake the Lord** The wicked of Israel who adopted paganism and died in their wickedness.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:11:2)

**הָעֹרְכִים לַגַּד.** שֵׁם עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הָעֲשׂוּיָה עַל שֵׁם הַמַּזָּל, וּבִלְשׁוֹן מִשְׁנָה יֵשׁ (שבת סז ב): ״גָּד גַּדִּי וְסִינוּק לָא״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who set a table for Gad** The name of a pagan deity on the name of the zodiac, and in the language of the mishnah, (Shabbath 67b) “May my fate be lucky (גָד גַּדִּי) and not fatigued.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:11:3)

**לַמְנִי.** לְמִנְיַן חֶשְׁבּוֹן הַכּוֹמְרִים הָיוּ מְמַלְאִים אֲגָנוֹת מֶזֶג יַיִן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for a number** Heb. לַמְנִי . According to the number of the computation of the priests, they would fill basins of mingled wine.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:4
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:11:4)

**מִמְסָךְ.** יַיִן מָזוּג בְּמַיִם כְּמִשְׁפָּטוֹ, כְּמוֹ ״לַחְקֹר מִמְסָךְ״ (משלי כג:ל), ״מָסְכָה יֵינָהּ״ (משלי ט:ב). וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִים **לַמְנִי** לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁמִּנִּיתֶם עֲלֵיכֶם, אֲבָל **וּמָנִיתִי אֶתְכֶם** שֶׁלֹּא נָקוּד **וּמִנִּיתִי** דָּגֵשׁ, יוֹרֶה שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן ׳מִנְיָן׳:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**mingled wine** Heb. מִמְסָךְ, wine mingled with water as was customary. Comp. (Prov. 23:30) “To search for mingled wine (מִמְסָךְ).” Also (ibid. 9:2), “She mingled (מָסְכָה) her wine.” Some interpret לַמְנִי, to the pagan deities that you appointed (מִנִּיתֶם) over yourselves, but וּמָנִיתִי אֶתְכֶם, which is not punctuated וּמִנִּיתִי with a ‘dagesh,’ indicates that it is an expression of counting.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:13:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:13:1)

**עֲבָדַי.** הַצַּדִּיקִים (שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**My servants** The righteous [of Israel].


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:13:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:13:2)

**וְאַתֶּם.** הַפּוֹשְׁעִים בִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but you** who rebel against Me.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:15:1)

**שִׁמְכֶם לִשְׁבוּעָה.** לוֹקֵחַ מִשִּׁמְכֶם קְלָלָה וּשְׁבוּעָה לְדוֹרוֹת: ״אִם לֹא יִקְרֵנוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵרַע לִפְלוֹנִי״ (ספרי דברים יח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**your name for an oath** From your name shall be taken a curse and an oath for generations, “If it does not befall me as it befell So-and-so.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:15:2)

**וֶהֱמִיתְךָ.** מִיתַת עוֹלָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and...shall slay you** an eternal death.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:15:3)

**וְלַעֲבָדָיו יִקְרָא שֵׁם אַחֵר.** שֵׁם טוֹב וְזֵכֶר לִבְרָכָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**but to His servants He shall call another name** A good name and a mention for a blessing.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:16:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:16:1)

**אֲשֶׁר הַמִּתְבָּרֵךְ בָּאָרֶץ.** כִּי תִהְיֶה יִרְאָתִי עַל כֻּלָּם, ״וּמָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ דֵּעָה״ (ישעיהו יא:ט), וְהַמִּתְהַלֵּל וּמִשְׁתַּבֵּחַ בָּאָרֶץ **יִתְבָּרֵךְ בֵּאלֹהֵי אָמֵן**, יִתְהַלֵּל שֶׁהוּא עֶבֶד לֵאלֹהֵי אָמֵן, אֱלֹהֵי הָאֱמֶת, שֶׁאִמֵּן וְשָׁמַר הַבְטָחָתוֹ זֹאת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For whoever blesses himself on the earth** For My fear shall be over all of them, and the earth shall be full of knowledge, and whoever praises himself or lauds himself on the earth, will bless himself by the true God, he will praise himself that he is a servant of the true God, the God of truth, Who realized and observed this, His promise.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:16:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:16:2)

**כִּי נִשְׁכְּחוּ הַצָּרוֹת.** לְכָךְ יִקְרָאוּנִי **אֱלֹהֵי אָמֵן**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for the first troubles have been forgotten** Therefore, they shall call Me the true God.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:17:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:17:1)

**שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים.** יִתְחַדְּשׁוּ הַשָּׂרִים שֶׁל מַעְלָה, וְיִהְיוּ שָׂרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל שָׂרֵי עֶלְיוֹנִים וְשָׂרֵי הָאֻמּוֹת תַּחְתּוֹנִים, וְכֵן בָּאָרֶץ; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים (פרקי דרבי אליעזר כא) שָׁמַיִם חֲדָשִׁים מַמָּשׁ, וְכֵן עִקָּר, כִּי מִקְרָא מוֹכִיחַ ״כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר הַשָּׁמַיִם הַחֲדָשִׁים וְגוֹ׳״ (ישעיהו סו:כב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**new heavens** The princes above shall be renewed, and the princes of Israel shall be the upper princes and the princes of the heathens (the nations [Parshandatha]) will be lower, and so on the earth. ([K’li Paz reads:] The princes above shall be renewed, to raise up the humble and to humble the high ones, and so on the earth.) And some say that there will actually be new heavens, and that is correct, for Scripture proves it (infra 66:22): “For as the new heavens, etc.”


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:20:1)

**עוּל יָמִים.** נַעַר, כְּמוֹ ״עוֹלֵל״ (איכה ב:יא); **עוּל יָמִים** – קָטָן בְּשָׁנִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a youth** Heb. עוּל יָמִים, a youth. Comp. (Lam. 2:11) “young children (עוֹלֵל).” [Hence,] עוּל יָמִים means young in years.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:20:2)

**בֶּן מֵאָה שָׁנָה יָמוּת.** יְהֵא בֶּן עוֹנְשִׁין לְהִתְחַיֵּב מִיתָה בַּעֲבֵירָה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ מִיתָה, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בִּבְרֵאשִׁית רַבָּה (כו ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who is one hundred years old shall die** He shall be subject to punishments to be liable to death for a capital sin. So it is explained in Gen. Rabbah (26:2).


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:3
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:20:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:20:3)

**יְקֻלָּל.** בַּעֲבֵרָה שֶׁהִיא צְרִיכָה נִדּוּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall be cursed** for a sin requiring an anathema.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:22:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:22:1)

**כִּימֵי הָעֵץ.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: עֵץ הַחַיִּים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like the days of the tree** Jonathan renders: the tree of life.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:25:1
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:25:1)

**יֹאכַל תֶּבֶן.** וְלֹא יִצְטָרֵךְ לְהַשְׁחִית בַּבְּהֵמָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall eat straw** and will not have to destroy animals.


###### Rashi on Isaiah 65:25:2
[Rashi on Isaiah 65:25:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Isaiah/r/65:25:2)

**וְנָחָשׁ.** הֲרֵי **עָפָר לַחְמוֹ** מָצוּי לוֹ תָּדִיר. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה (בראשית רבה צה א): **וְאַרְיֵה כַּבָּקָר יֹאכַל תֶּבֶן** – לְפִי שֶׁמָּצִינוּ שֶׁעֵשָׂו נוֹפֵל בְּיַד בְּנֵי יוֹסֵף, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״בֵּית עֵשָׂו לְקַשׁ וּבֵית יוֹסֵף לְהָבָה וְגוֹ׳״ (עובדיה א:יח), אֲבָל בְּיַד בְּנֵי שְׁאָר הַשְּׁבָטִים שֶׁנִּמְשְׁלוּ לְחַיּוֹת לֹא מָצִינוּ. לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: **וְאַרְיֵה כַּבָּקָר יֹאכַל תֶּבֶן** – אוֹתָם הַשְּׁבָטִים שֶׁנִּמְשְׁלוּ כְּאַרְיֵה, כְּגוֹן יְהוּדָה וְדָן, כְּיוֹסֵף שֶׁנִּמְשַׁל כְּשׁוֹר, יֹאכְלוּ אוֹתוֹ שֶׁנִּמְשַׁל כְּתֶבֶן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and a serpent** Indeed, dust is his food, which is always available for him. And the Midrash Aggadah explains: And a lion, like cattle, shall eat straw. Since we find that Esau will fall into the hands of the sons of Joseph, as it is said (Obadiah 18): “The house of Esau shall become stubble, and the house of Joseph a flame etc.” But [that they should fall] into the hands of the remaining tribes, who were compared to beasts, we do not find. It is, therefore, stated: “And a lion, like cattle, shall eat straw.” Those tribes that were compared to a lion, such as Judah and Dan, like Joseph, who was compared to an ox, shall devour Esau who was compared to straw.