## Rashi on Job Chapter 1

###### Rashi on Job 1:1:1
[Rashi on Job 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:1:1)

**אִישׁ הָיָה בְאֶרֶץ עוּץ.** פֵּירוּשׁוֹ: בְּאֶרֶץ אֲרָם, כְּמָה דִכְתִיב ״אֶת עוּץ בְּכֹרוֹ״ מִבְּנֵי נָחוֹר (בראשית כב:כא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**There was a man in the land of Uz** This means in the land of Aram, as it is written (Gen. 22: 21): “Uz, his firstborn,” of the sons of Nahor.


###### Rashi on Job 1:1:2
[Rashi on Job 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:1:2)

**וְהָיָה הָאִישׁ.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן עָתִיד, כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ לָשׁוֹן עִבְרִית; וּלְשׁוֹן מְלִיצָתוֹ: וְהוֹוֶה הָאִישׁ הַהוּא גָּדוֹל מִכָּל בְּנֵי קֶדֶם – בְּנֵי אֶרֶץ הַמִּזְרָחִי; שֶׁאֲרָם בְּמִזְרָחוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״מִן אֲרָם יַנְחֵנִי בָלָק מֵהַרְרֵי קֶדֶם״ (במדבר כג:ז). דָּבָר אַחֵר: עוּץ – זֶה אִיּוֹב; בּוּז – זֶה אֱלִיהוּא בֶּן בַּרַכְאֵל הַבּוּזִי; וַהֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁאָמַר אִיּוֹב: ״וּבוּז מִשְׁפָּחוֹת יְחִתֵּנִי״ (איוב לא:לד) – זֶה הוּא מִמִּשְׁפַּחְתִּי שֶׁמִּחְתָּה דְבָרַי; וְהַיְנוּ דְּאָמְרֵי אִינְשֵׁי (סנהדרין לט:): מִינֵּהּ וּבֵהּ אַבָּא לֵיזִיל בֵּהּ נַרְגָּא. דָּבָר אַחֵר: **בְּאֶרֶץ עוּץ.** בְּאֶרֶץ שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין מִמֶּנּוּ עֵצוֹת רָעוֹת עַל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״מִן הָאָרֶץ הַהִיא יָצָא אַשּׁוּר״ (בראשית י:יא); וּמָה עֵצָה נָטְלוּ? שֶׁהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים: לֹא כָּל הֵימֶנּוּ לִטּוֹל אֶת הָעֶלְיוֹנִים וְלִתֵּן לָנוּ אֶת הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים! אֶלָּא בּוֹאוּ לְאֶרֶץ שִׁנְעָר שֶׁשָּׁם אֱלוֹהוֹת הַרְבֵּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בָּהּ ״אֶרֶץ פְּסִילִים הִיא״ (ירמיהו נ:לח). ״וְנַעֲשֶׂה מִגְדָּל וְרֹאשׁוֹ בַשָּׁמַיִם וְנַעֲשֶׂה לָּנוּ שֵׁם״ (בראשית יא:ד), וְאֵין שֵׁם הָאָמוּר כָּאן אֶלָּא עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְשֵׁם אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים לֹא תַזְכִּירוּ״ (שמות כג:יג). מֶה עָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא? יָשַׁב עֲלֵיהֶם בְּדִין וְהֶעֱמִיד עֲלֵיהֶם עֵדִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיֵּרֶד ה׳ לִרְאֹת אֶת הָעִיר וְאֶת הַמִּגְדָּל״ (בראשית יא:ה) – וְכִי צָרִיךְ יְרִידָה לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם לִרְאוֹת? וְהַכְּתִיב ״עֵינֵי ה׳ מְשׁוֹטְטוֹת בְּכָל הָאָרֶץ״ (זכריה ד:י)! אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד הֲלָכָה לְדוֹרוֹת, שֶׁאֵין דָּנִין אֶלָּא עַל פִּי עֵדֵי רְאִיָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״אוֹ רָאָה אוֹ יָדָע״ (ויקרא ה:א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and that man was** Although that is a future expression, that is the style of the Hebrew language, and the proper expression for it is “Now that man was greater than all the children of the land of the East”; the children of the land of the East, for Aram is in the east of the world, as it is stated (Num. 23:7): “From Aram has Balak, king of Moab, brought me, from the mountains of the East.” Another explanation: Uz is Job. Buz is Elihu the son of Barachel the Buzite. This is what Job said (31:34): “and the most contemptible of families shatters me.” This one (the Buzite) who shatters my words is of my family. This is what people say: “From the very forest, the ax handle is formed.” Another explanation: **in the land of Uz** In the land whence they take evil counsels against the Holy One, blessed be He. As it is stated (Gen. 10:11): “Out of that land Asshur went forth.” Now what counsel did they take? “He has no right to take the upper worlds and to give us the lower world.” Instead, come to the land of Shinar, where there are many gods, concerning which it is stated: “for it is a land of graven images” (Jer. 50:38): “And let us make a tower whose top shall reach to the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves” (Gen. 11:4). The word “name” stated here refers only to idolatry, as it is stated (Exod. 23:13): “You shall not make mention of the name of other gods.” What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He sat in judgment over them and stood up witnesses against them, as it is stated (Gen. 11:5): “And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower.” Now does the Omnipresent have to come down to see? Is it not written: “The eyes of the Lord are roving to and fro throughout the entire earth”? Rather, it is to teach a ruling to future generations, that judges may not pass judgment except with eyewitnesses, as it is stated (Lev.5:1): “Having seen or known.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:1:3
[Rashi on Job 1:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:1:3)

**וְהָיָה.** פְּשׁוּטוֹ כְּמוֹ וַיְהִי, וּמַשְׁמָעוֹ לְעָבָר וּלְהַבָּא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**was** Heb. והיה. According to its simple meaning, it is like ויהי, and its meaning is both past and future.


###### Rashi on Job 1:1:4
[Rashi on Job 1:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:1:4)

**תָּם וְיָשָׁר.** אֲבָל בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁבֵּין קוֹנוֹ וּבֵינוֹ לֹא הָיָה צַדִּיק? לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: **וִירֵא אֱלֹהִים וְסָר מֵרָע**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**sincere and upright** But [I could think] that as regards matters between him and his Maker, he was not righteous. Therefore, it is stated: God- fearing and shunning evil.


###### Rashi on Job 1:3:1
[Rashi on Job 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:3:1)

**שִׁבְעַת אַלְפֵי צֹאן.** הָרוֹב מָנָה תְּחִלָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**seven thousand sheep** He counted the largest number first.


###### Rashi on Job 1:3:2
[Rashi on Job 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:3:2)

**גָּדוֹל מִכָּל בְּנֵי קֶדֶם.** מִדּוֹר הַפְּלַגָּה, דִּכְתִיב ״וַיְהִי בְּנָסְעָם מִקֶּדֶם״ (בראשית יא:ב). אֲבָל מֵאַבְרָהָם אֵינוֹ כֵּן, שֶׁהֲרֵי בְּאַבְרָהָם כְּתִיב בּוֹ ׳הַגָּדוֹל׳, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְשֵׁם חֶבְרוֹן לְפָנִים קִרְיַת אַרְבַּע הָאָדָם הַגָּדוֹל בָּעֲנָקִים הוּא״ (יהושע יד:טו). הָיָה לוֹ לִכְתֹּב ׳אָדָם גָּדוֹל׳, וְלָמָּה כָּתַב ״הָאָדָם הַגָּדוֹל״? אֶלָּא רֶמֶז שֶׁהוּא אָדָם גָּדוֹל, שֶׁעָמַד בְּעֶשֶׂר נִסְיוֹנוֹת. לְפִיכָךְ כּוֹתְבִין אוֹתוֹ שְׁנֵי הֵהִי״ן. וְאִיּוֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ גָּדוֹל – לֹא עָמַד אֶלָּא בְּאַחַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״תָּם וְיָשָׁר וְגוֹ׳״ – מִכָּל אוֹתוֹ הַדּוֹר, שֶׁלֹּא נִתְפַּס עַל אוֹתוֹ עָוֹן (סא״א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**greater than all the children of the East** Than the generation of the division, as it is written (Gen. 11:2): “And it came to pass as they migrated from the east.” But concerning Abraham, it is not so, for concerning Abraham, it is written הגדול, the greatest, as it is stated (Josh. 14:15): “And the name of Hebron before was Kirjath-Arba; he was the greatest man among the “Anakim.” It should have said אדם גדול, a great man. Why did he write האדם הגדול, the greatest man? By this, Scripture hinted that he was a great man who passed ten tests. Therefore, his title is written with two “heys”, the numerical value of which is ten. Job, however, described by the word גדול, greater, passed only one [test], as it is stated: sincere and upright, etc., that out of that entire generation, he was not apprehended for that iniquity.


###### Rashi on Job 1:4:1
[Rashi on Job 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:4:1)

**וְהָלְכוּ בָנָיו וְעָשׂוּ מִשְׁתֶּה בֵּית אִישׁ יוֹמוֹ.** בְּבֵית כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד יוֹמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Now his sons would go and make a feast in each one’s house on his day** In the house of each one on his day.


###### Rashi on Job 1:4:2
[Rashi on Job 1:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:4:2)

**וְשָׁלְחוּ וְקָרְאוּ.** כְּמוֹ וְשׁוֹלְחִים וְקוֹרְאִים, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹשִׂין כֵּן תָּמִיד:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and they would send and invite** Heb. ושלחו וקראו, like ושולחים וקוראים, that they would do so constantly.


###### Rashi on Job 1:5:1
[Rashi on Job 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:5:1)

**וַיְהִי כִּי הִקִּיפוּ.** כַּאֲשֶׁר כָּלוּ יְמֵי הַמִּשְׁתֶּה, נוֹהֵג הָיָה אִיּוֹב בְּכָל סוֹף שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים, שֶׁחָזְרוּ יְמֵי חֲלִילָתָם, הָיָה שׁוֹלֵחַ וּמְקַדְּשָׁם, כְּלוֹמַר: מְזַמְּנָם וְקוֹרְאָם; כְּמוֹ ״הִתְקַדְּשׁוּ לְמָחָר״ (במדבר יא:יח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Now it would come about when the cycle of the feasting days would be over** When the days of the feasting would be over, Job would act in this manner; upon every termination of the seven days on which the days of feasting rotated, he would send and summon them (ויקדשם) ; i.e., he would prepare them and summon them, as in (Num. 11:18). “Prepare yourselves for tommorow.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:5:2
[Rashi on Job 1:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:5:2)

**וְהִשְׁכִּים בַּבֹּקֶר וְהֶעֱלָה.** מְלִיצָתוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה מַשְׁכִּים וּמַעֲלֶה עוֹלוֹת. לָכֵן כָּתַב בִּלְשׁוֹן עָתִיד, שֶׁהָיָה נוֹהֵג לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן תָּמִיד, לְסוֹף כָּל שִׁבְעַת הַיָּמִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and offer up... early in the morning** The meaning is that he would offer up burnt-offerings early. Therefore, Scripture wrote in the future tense, that he was wont to do so always at the end of every seven days.


###### Rashi on Job 1:5:3
[Rashi on Job 1:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:5:3)

**מִסְפַּר כֻּלָּם.** הַבָּנִים וְהַבָּנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the number of all of them** The sons and the daughters.


###### Rashi on Job 1:5:4
[Rashi on Job 1:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:5:4)

**וּבֵרֲכוּ.** לְשׁוֹן כִּנּוּי כְּלַפֵּי מַעְלָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and blasphemed** Heb. וברכו, lit. will do. A euphemism [used in] referring to the Most High.


###### Rashi on Job 1:5:5
[Rashi on Job 1:5:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:5:5)

**כָּכָה יַעֲשֶׂה אִיּוֹב.** כְּמוֹ הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה מָחָר; כְּשֶׁכָּתַב בְּדָבָר הַהוֹוֶה וְתָדִיר, פְּעָמִים שֶׁכָּתַב בּוֹ לְשׁוֹן עָבָר וּפְעָמִים לְשׁוֹן עָתִיד:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**So would Job do** Heb. יעשה, lit. will do. He would always do in this manner. When Scripture writes about a constant occurrence, sometimes it writes in the past tense, and sometimes in the future tense.


###### Rashi on Job 1:6:1
[Rashi on Job 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:6:1)

**וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם.** אוֹתוֹ יוֹם שֶׁהָיָה רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה (ראש השנה טז.), שֶׁהוּא יוֹם תְּרוּעָה, וְצִוָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לַשָּׂטָן לְהָבִיא זְכוּת וְחוֹבָה שֶׁל כָּל הַבְּרִיּוֹת. הֲדָא הוּא דִּכְתִיב **מִשּׁוּט בָּאָרֶץ**:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Now the day came about** That day which was Rosh Hashanah, (known as a day of sounding the shofar, and the Holy One, blessed be He, commanded the Adversary to bring the merit and the guilt of all creatures. This is the meaning of “from going to and fro on the earth.”)


###### Rashi on Job 1:6:2
[Rashi on Job 1:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:6:2)

**וַיָּבֹאוּ בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים לְהִתְיַצֵּב עַל־ה׳.** לָרִיב עִמּוֹ, שֶׁאֵין לְהִתְיַצֵּב אֶלָּא עַל־דִּין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״נִצָּב לָרִיב ה׳״ (ישעיהו ג:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the angels of God came to stand beside the Lord** to contend with Him, because the expression of standing refers only to judgment, as it is stated (Isa. 3:13): “The Lord stands to plead.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:6:3
[Rashi on Job 1:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:6:3)

**וַיָּבֹא גַם הַשָּׂטָן בְּתוֹכָם.** לְקַטְרֵג הַבְּרִיּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the Adversary, too, came among them** to accuse the people.


###### Rashi on Job 1:7:1
[Rashi on Job 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:7:1)

**מֵאַיִן תָּבֹא.** דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב דֶּרֶךְ אֶרֶץ, שֶׁהַגָּדוֹל מְדַבֵּר תְּחִלָּה וּמַרְשֶׁה הַקָּטָן לַעֲנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“Where are you coming from?”** Scripture speaks of etiquette, that the greater one speaks first and permits the smaller one to reply.


###### Rashi on Job 1:7:2
[Rashi on Job 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:7:2)

**מִשּׁוּט בָּאָרֶץ.** כַּאֲשֶׁר מְפֹרָשׁ לְמַעְלָה, וּבַהַגָּדָה דְּהַשּׁוּתָּפִין הוּא (בבא בתרא טז.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“From going to and fro on the earth”** As is explained above, and it is in the homiletic section of the chapter [that begins], “The partners.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:7:3
[Rashi on Job 1:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:7:3)

**מִשּׁוּט בָּאָרֶץ וּמֵהִתְהַלֵּךְ בָּהּ.** כֵּן דַּרְכִּי, לָשׁוּט וְלִרְאוֹת רָעִים וְטוֹבִים; וְשׁוֹטַטְתִּי בְּכָל הָאָרֶץ וְלֹא מָצָאתִי כְּאַבְרָהָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ ״קוּם הִתְהַלֵּךְ בָּאָרֶץ״ (בראשית יג:יז). וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (בבא בתרא טז.): שָׂטָן לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם נִתְכַּוֵּן, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא נִשְׁכָּח לִפְנֵי אֱלֹהֵינוּ זְכוּתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“From going to and fro on the earth and from walking in it.”** So is my wont to go to and fro, to see the evil ones and the good ones. Now I went to and fro throughout the entire earth and I did not find anyone like Abraham, about whom it is said (Gen. 13:17): “Rise, go to and fro in the land.” The Sages of blessed memory (Baba Bathra 16a) said that the Adversary meant this for the sake of Heaven, in order that Abraham’s merit not be forgotten by our God.


###### Rashi on Job 1:8:1
[Rashi on Job 1:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:8:1)

**הֲשַׂמְתָּ לִבְּךָ עַל עַבְדִּי אִיּוֹב.** שֶׁתִּרְצֶה לְקַטְרְגוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Have you paid attention to My servant Job** that you should desire to denounce him?


###### Rashi on Job 1:8:2
[Rashi on Job 1:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:8:2)

**הֲשַׂמְתָּ.** לְשׁוֹן תֵּימַהּ הוּא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“Have you paid, etc.”** An expression of a wonder.


###### Rashi on Job 1:8:3
[Rashi on Job 1:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:8:3)

**תָּם וְיָשָׁר.** שָׁלֵם בְּמַעֲשָׂיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**sincere and upright** Perfect in his deeds.


###### Rashi on Job 1:9:1
[Rashi on Job 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:9:1)

**הֶחִנָּם יָרֵא אִיּוֹב.** בִּתְמִיהַּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“Does Job fear God for nothing?”** This is a question.


###### Rashi on Job 1:10:1
[Rashi on Job 1:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:10:1)

**הֲלֹא.** אַתָּה שַׂכְתָּ בַּעֲדוֹ לְפִי שֶׁהוּא יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאַתָּה רָגִיל אֶצְלוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹת לוֹ נִסִּים, וּפָרֶה וְרָבֶה, לְפִיכָךְ עוֹשֶׂה צְדָקוֹת הַלָּלוּ; אֲבָל לֹא נִסִּיתָ אוֹתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Haven’t You made a hedge around him** Because he knows that You visit him frequently to perform miracles for him, and he is fruitful and multiplies; therefore he performs all these righteous deeds—but You have not tested him.


###### Rashi on Job 1:10:2
[Rashi on Job 1:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:10:2)

**שַׂכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ.** הִגַּנְתָּ בַּעֲדוֹ, כִּמְחִיצָּה זוֹ; כְּמוֹ ״הָסֵר מְשׂוּכָתוֹ״ (ישעיהו ה:ה) – מְחִיצָתוֹ. וְכָל ׳בְּעַד׳ הָאָמוּר בִּלְשׁוֹן עִבְרִי אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן ׳כְּנֶגְדּוֹ וּבְפָנָיו׳; כְּמוֹ ״וְכַפֵּר בַּעַדְךָ״ (ויקרא ט:ז) – קַנַּח הֶעָוֹן כְּנֶגְדְּךָ וּבְפָנֶיךָ, לִהְיוֹת הַכַּפָּרָה מָגֵן בַּעַדְךָ; וְכֵן ״ה׳ מָגֵן בַּעֲדִי״ (תהלים ג:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**made a hedge around him** You protected him like a wall, as in (Isa. 5:5) “I will remove its hedge (משוכתו),” its wall. Every expression of בעד stated in the Hebrew language is only an expression of “opposite and before him,” as in (Lev.16:6), “and he shall effect atonement for himself (וכפר בעדו),” he shall wipe away the sin from opposite you and before you (sic), so that the atonement shall be a shield about you. Similarly (Ps. 3:4), “[But You,] O Lord, are a shield about me (בעדי) .”


###### Rashi on Job 1:10:3
[Rashi on Job 1:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:10:3)

**פָּרַץ בָּאָרֶץ.** נִתְחַזְּקוּ, כְּמוֹ ״וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ״ (שמות א:יב), וּמְתַרְגְּמִינָן: ״יִתְקוֹף״. זֶהוּ פְּשׁוּטוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה אָמְרוּ בַּהַגָּדָה (בבא בתרא טו:; טז.): פָּרַץ גְּדֵרוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, שֶׁהָעִזִּים הוֹרְגִים הַזְּאֵבִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**spread out in the land** Heb. פרץ, gained strength, as in (Exod. 1:12), “So would they gain strength (יפרץ), which the Targum renders: And so would they become strong. This is its simple meaning, but our Sages of blessed memory stated in the Aggadah (Baba Bathra 15b, 16a) that they broke the fence of the world, for the goats would slay the wolves.


###### Rashi on Job 1:11:1
[Rashi on Job 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:11:1)

**וְאוּלָם.** לוּ הָיִיתָ נוֹגֵעַ בְּכָל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ, **אִם לֹא עַל פָּנֶיךָ יְבָרֲכֶךָּ.** מִיָּד; בִּתְמִיהַּ. וְאָז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**But** were you to touch all that he has, would he not blaspheme You to Your face immediately? This is a question. And then, the Lord said to the Adversary, “Behold, all that he has is in your hands.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:12:1
[Rashi on Job 1:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:12:1)

**וַיֹּאמֶר ה׳ אֶל הַשָּׂטָן הִנֵּה כָל אֲשֶׁר לוֹ בְּיָדֶךָ.** (דָּבָר אַחֵר:) **וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם**, אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם שֶׁחָזְרוּ חֲלִילָה לֶאֱכוֹל בְּבֵית אֲחִיהֶם הַבְּכוֹר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“Behold, all that he has etc.** Another explanation: **Now the day came about** That day when they recommenced the cycle [and were] to eat at the house of their eldest brother.


###### Rashi on Job 1:12:2
[Rashi on Job 1:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:12:2)

**בְּנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים.** צְבָא הַשָּׁמַיִם הַקְּרוֹבִים לַשְּׁכִינָה, לִהְיוֹת בְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ; וְעַל שֵׁם כָּךְ נִקְרְאוּ בָּנָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the angels of God** The heavenly hosts, which are near the Divine Presence, to be the members of His household, and were therefore called His children.


###### Rashi on Job 1:12:3
[Rashi on Job 1:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:12:3)

**לְהִתְיַצֵּב עַל ה׳.** סְבִיבוֹתָיו, כְּמוֹ ״לְכָל הַנִּצָּבִים עָלָיו״ (בראשית מה:א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to stand beside the Lord** Heb. Around Him, as (Gen. 45:1) “all who stood around him (עליו).”


###### Rashi on Job 1:14:1
[Rashi on Job 1:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:14:1)

**עַל יְדֵיהֶם.** כְּמוֹ ״אִישׁ עַל יָדוֹ״ (במדבר ב:יז). וְאֵינוֹ לְשׁוֹן ׳מָקוֹם׳, אֶלָּא עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהוּא מוּכָן וּמְזֻמָּן לְיָדוֹ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה אָמְרוּ בַּהַגָּדָה (בבא בתרא טו:; טז.) שֶׁהִטְעִימָם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵעֵין עוֹלָם הַבָּא, שֶׁלְּאַחַר חֲרִישַׁת הָאֲתוֹנוֹת הָיוּ זוֹרְעִים עִם הַחֲרִישָׁה וְרוֹעוֹת הָאֲתוֹנוֹת מִיָּד חָזִיז מִן הַתֶּלֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**beside them** Heb. על ידיהם lit. on their hands. This is an expression of a place only because it is prepared and available at his hand. Our Sages of blessed memory said in the Aggadah (Baba Bathra 15b, 16a), that the Holy One, blessed be He, gave them a taste of the world to come; for after the plowing by the she-donkeys, they would sow with the plowing, and the she-donkeys would immediately graze on the young greens from the furrow.


###### Rashi on Job 1:15:1
[Rashi on Job 1:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:15:1)

**וַתִּפֹּל שְׁבָא.** נִתְנַפְּלָה וְחָנְתָה מַלְכוּת שְׁבָא עֲלֵיהֶם, כְּמוֹ (בראשית כ״ה:י״ח) ״עַל פְּנֵי כָל אֶחָיו נָפָל״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And Sheba** The kingdom of Sheba fell upon them and encamped beside them, as in (Gen. 25: 18), “before all his brethren he settled.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:15:2
[Rashi on Job 1:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:15:2)

**וְאֶת־הַנְּעָרִים.** מְשָׁרְתֶיךָ, הַשּׁוֹמְרִים אוֹתָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the youths** Your servants who were guarding them.


###### Rashi on Job 1:15:3
[Rashi on Job 1:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:15:3)

**וָאִמָּלְטָה.** אֵין מְלִיטָה אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן הַשְׁמָטָה, שֶׁנִּשְׁמַט מִן הַצָּרָה, (וּבָאתִי לְהַגִּיד לָךְ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיד, מִיָּד מֵת כן הוא בס״א):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I... escaped** Heb. ואמלטה. The word מליטה is only an expression of withdrawal, that one withdrew from trouble.


###### Rashi on Job 1:16:1
[Rashi on Job 1:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:16:1)

**וּבַנְּעָרִים.** בַּמְשָׁרְתִים שׁוֹמְרֵי הַצֹּאן מְדַבֵּר הַכָּתוּב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the youths** Scripture speaks of the guards of the flocks.


###### Rashi on Job 1:17:1
[Rashi on Job 1:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:17:1)

**וַיִּפְשְׁטוּ עַל הַגְּמַלִּים.** זֶה לְשׁוֹן ״בָּזְזוּ בַּז״ (ישעיה לג:כג) – לְפִי מִנְהָגָם. כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהֵם מְהַלְּכִים, נִדְבָּקִים יַחַד וְהוֹלְכִים בְּמַאֲרָב, שֶׁלֹּא יָבִינוּ בָּהֶם וְיַבְרִיחוּ אֶת הַמִּקְנֶה; וּכְשֶׁמַּגִּיעִים לִמְקוֹם הַמִּקְנֶה, פּוֹשְׁטִים בְּמֶרְחַב הַמִּקְנֶה זֶה לְכָאן וְזֶה לְכָאן, לֶאֱסֹף הַמִּקְנֶה. וְהַמַּלְאָכִים הַלָּלוּ – שְׁלוּחֵי שָׂטָן הָיוּ; וּכְדֵי לְהַקְנִיטוֹ וּלְהַחֲטִיאוֹ בִּשְּׂרוּהוּ תְּחִלָּה בְּהֶפְסֵד מוּעָט, וְאַחַר כָּךְ בְּגָדוֹל הֵימֶנּוּ, וְכֵן כֻּלָּם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**spread out on the camels** This is an expression of plundering plunder according to their custom that as long as they are walking, they stick together and walk stealthily lest people recognize them and drive the cattle away. When they reach the place of the cattle, they spread out in the width of the herd, one on each side, in order to gather the cattle. Now these messengers were messengers of the Adversary, and in order to provoke him [Job] and cause him to sin, they first informed him of a small loss and later of a larger one. So is the sequence of all of them.


###### Rashi on Job 1:19:1
[Rashi on Job 1:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:19:1)

**מֵעֵבֶר הַמִּדְבָּר.** מִצַּד שֵׁנִי שֶׁל מִדְבָּר, וְהָיָה הַבַּיִת מִצַּד זֶה; וְזֶהוּ לְשׁוֹן ׳עֵבֶר׳ בַּמִּקְרָא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**from the other side of the desert** From the other side of the desert, for the house was on this side. This is the meaning of עֵבֶר, as it is found in Scriptures.


###### Rashi on Job 1:19:2
[Rashi on Job 1:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:19:2)

**עַל הַנְּעָרִים.** בָּנִים, אֲבָל אֵין צָרִיךְ לְהַזְכִּיר הַבָּנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**upon the youths** The sons, but it is unnecessary to mention the daughters.


###### Rashi on Job 1:19:3
[Rashi on Job 1:19:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:19:3)

(**לְהַגִּיד לָךְ.** שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ רְשׁוּת לְהַגִּיד, וְהָיָה מֵת בְּאוֹתוֹ רֶגַע ס״א אינו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
(**to tell you** He was permitted only to tell, and at that moment, he died. Not found in certain editions.)


###### Rashi on Job 1:20:1
[Rashi on Job 1:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:20:1)

**וַיָּגָז.** תָּלַשׁ, כְּמוֹ ״גָּזִּי נִזְרֵךְ״ (ירמיה ז:כט), וּמְתַרְגְּמִינָן: ״תְּלִישָׁה״, וּכְמוֹ ״מִמְּעֵי אִמִּי אַתָּה גוֹזִי״ (תהלים עא:ו) – מוֹשְׁכִי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**tore** Heb. ויגז, tore out, as in (Jer. 7:29), “Tear out (גזי) your hair for your great men,” which Jonathan renders: תלישה tear out, and like (Ps. 71:6) “From my mother’s womb You pull me (גוזי),” pull me.


###### Rashi on Job 1:21:1
[Rashi on Job 1:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:21:1)

**מִבֶּטֶן אִמִּי.** הָאֲדָמָה אֲשֶׁר לוּקַחְתִּי מִשָּׁם (בראשית ג:כג), אוֹ אִמִּי מַמָּשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From my mother’s womb** the earth, “whence I was taken,” or actually, “my mother.”


###### Rashi on Job 1:21:2
[Rashi on Job 1:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:21:2)

**וְעָרוֹם אָשׁוּב שָׁמָּה.** לֹא בַּבֶּטֶן הוּא מְדַבֵּר. וּמַה שָׁמָּה? אֶל מְקוֹם תְּשׁוּבָתוֹ. וְעַל שֶׁהוּא מוּכָן לְכָךְ, וְלֹא יַחֲלִיף הַחֹק לָשׁוּב כִּי אִם אֶל הֶעָפָר, לְפִיכָךְ לֹא הֻצְרַךְ לְהַזְכִּירוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I will return there naked** He is not referring to the womb. What then is the meaning of “there”? To the place of his return, for which he is destined, and he will not change the law, to return anywhere but to the earth. Therefore, it was not necessary to mention it.


###### Rashi on Job 1:22:1
[Rashi on Job 1:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:22:1)

**תִּפְלָה.** לֹא שׁוּם שֶׁמֶץ וְתִפְלוּת נָתַן עַל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כְּמוֹ (ירמיהו כג:יג) ״וּבִנְבִיאֵי שׁוֹמְרוֹן רָאִיתִי תִפְלָה״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**unseemliness** Heb. תפלה. He did not ascribe any blemish or unseemliness to the Holy One, Blessed be He. Similarly (Jer. 23:13), “And in the prophets of Samaria I saw unseemliness (תפלה).”


###### Rashi on Job 1:22:2
[Rashi on Job 1:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/1:22:2)

**וְלֹא נָתַן.** לְהַטִּיל תִּפְלָה וְעוֹל אֶל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, כְּמוֹ ״נָתְנוּ לְדָוִד רְבָבוֹת וְלִי נָתְנוּ הָאֲלָפִים״ (שמואל א יח:ח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**neither did he ascribe** Heb. נתן lit. gave, to ascribe unseemliness and injustice to the Holy One, blessed be He, like (I Sam. 18:8) “They ascribed (נתנו) to David ten thousands, and to me they ascribed (נתנו) the thousands.”