## Rashi on Job Chapter 41

###### Rashi on Job 41:1:1
[Rashi on Job 41:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:1:1)

**הֵן תּוֹחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָבָה.** הֵן אִם תּוֹחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָבָה, שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא בּוֹ כֹּחַ לְהִלָּחֵם וְלָזוּז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Behold his hope is in vain** Behold if his hope is in vain, for he will have no strength to wage war and to move from his place.


###### Rashi on Job 41:1:2
[Rashi on Job 41:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:1:2)

**הֲגַם אֶל מַרְאָיו יֻטָּל.** אִם גַּם אֶל מַרְאִית פָּנָיו יֻטַּל וְיֻשְׁלַךְ אָדָם, לַעֲמֹד לְפָנָיו לְהִסְתַּכֵּל בּוֹ, מִפְּנֵי אֵימָתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**shall not one be cast down even at the sight of him** if even at the sight of his face a man will be cast down from standing before him to look at him, because of the fear of him.


###### Rashi on Job 41:2:1
[Rashi on Job 41:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:2:1)

**לֹא אַכְזָר כִּי יְעוּרֶנּוּ.** אֵין אַכְזָר גִּבּוֹר וְעָרִיץ, אֲשֶׁר יְעִירֶנּוּ מִשְּׁנָתוֹ, וִיעוֹרְרֶנּוּ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ לַהֲקִימוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**There is no one so fierce that he can stir him up** There is no one so fierce, mighty, and strong who can arouse him from his sleep and stir him up from his place to raise him up.


###### Rashi on Job 41:2:2
[Rashi on Job 41:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:2:2)

**וּמִי הוּא וְגוֹ׳.** אֲשֶׁר יִתְיַצֵּב וְיַעֲמֹד לְפָנַי, אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה אֶת כָּל אֵלֶּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and who is he** who will stand up before Me, Who makes all these?


###### Rashi on Job 41:3:1
[Rashi on Job 41:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:3:1)

**מִי הִקְדִּימַנִי.** וּמִי הוּא אֲשֶׁר הִקְדִּים פָּנַי בְּהַקְבָּלָתוֹ, לְעָבְדֵנִי וְלִשְׁמֹר מִצְוֹתַי, **וַאֲשַׁלֵּם** לוֹ שְׂכָרוֹ?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who came to meet Me** Who is it who came to meet Me by accepting to worship Me and keep My commandments, and I will pay him his reward.


###### Rashi on Job 41:3:2
[Rashi on Job 41:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:3:2)

**תַּחַת כָּל הַשָּׁמַיִם לִי הוּא.** כָּל אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם לִי הוּא, וּבְיָדִי לִפְרֹעַ לוֹ שְׂכָרוֹ וּפְעֻלָּתוֹ וּמַעֲבָדוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Everything under the heavens is Mine** Everything that is under the heavens is Mine, and I have the power to pay him his reward, his recompense, and his remuneration.


###### Rashi on Job 41:4:1
[Rashi on Job 41:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:4:1)

**לֹא אַחֲרִישׁ בַּדָּיו.** לֹא אַחֲרִישׁ עַל בָּנָיו שֶׁל צַדִּיק, שֶׁהָלַךְ לְפָנַי בְּתָמִים, וּלְבָנָיו יִשְׁתַּלְּמוּ שְׂכַר טוֹב אֲבִיהֶם, וְיִמְצְאוּ טוֹבָה בִּזְכוּתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I will not be silent concerning his sons** I will not be silent concerning the sons of a righteous man who went before Me sincerely, and his sons will be paid the good reward of their father, and they will find good in his merit.


###### Rashi on Job 41:4:2
[Rashi on Job 41:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:4:2)

**וּדְבַר גְּבוּרוֹת וְחִין עֶרְכּוֹ.** וּדְבַר גְּבוּרוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר נִתְגַּבֵּר לַעֲשׂוֹת הַטּוֹב וְהַיָּשָׁר, וּתְחִנַּת סִדּוּרוֹ שֶׁל צַדִּיק אֲשַׁלֵּם שְׂכָרוֹ גַּם לְבָנָיו אַחֲרָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**either for his acts of heroism and the arrangement of his supplication** Either for his heroic deeds, that he strengthened himself to do what is good and upright, and the arrangement of the righteous man’s supplication [is that] I will pay his reward also to his sons after him.


###### Rashi on Job 41:4:3
[Rashi on Job 41:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:4:3)

**בַּדָּיו.** עֲנָפָיו, וְהֵם בָּנָיו, כְּמוֹ ״וַתַּעַשׂ בַּדִּים וַתִּשְׁלַח פֹּארוֹת״ (יחזקאל יז:ו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**his sons** Heb. בדיו, his branches, and they are his sons, like (Ezek. 17:6), “and brought forth branches (בדים) and sent out sprigs.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:5:1
[Rashi on Job 41:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:5:1)

**מִי גִלָּה פְּנֵי לְבוּשׁוֹ.** חוֹזֵר עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנוֹת, לְדַבֵּר עַל לִוְיָתָן. מִי יוּכַל לְגַלּוֹת קַשְׂקַשּׂוֹת שֶׁהֵן **בְּכֶפֶל רִסְנוֹ**, בְּכֶפֶל שְׂפָתָיו כְּשֶׁהֵן פְּתוּחוֹת מִי הוּא אֲשֶׁר יִכָּנֵס שָׁם. בְּכֶפֶל הֵן הַשְּׂפָתַיִם, שֶׁהֵן כְּפוּלוֹת: אַחַת לְמַעְלָה וְאַחַת לְמַטָּה, שֶׁאֵין בְּרִיָּה רַשָּׁאָה לִיכָּנֵס שָׁם מִפְּנֵי אֵימָתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who exposed the face of his raiment** He returns to the previous topic to speak of the leviathan: who can expose the scales, which are... **within his double bridle** Into the fold of his lips, when they are open, who is it who will enter there? [The expression] בְּכֶפֶל, double, denotes the lips, which are double, one above and one below, into which no creature may enter because of fear of him.


###### Rashi on Job 41:6:1
[Rashi on Job 41:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:6:1)

**דַּלְתֵי פָנָיו.** הֵן הַשְּׂפָתַיִם; כְּשֶׁהוּא סוֹגֵר פִּיו, מִי יוּכַל לְפָתְחָן?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the doors of his face** They are the lips when he closes his mouth; who can open them?


###### Rashi on Job 41:6:2
[Rashi on Job 41:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:6:2)

**סְבִיבוֹת שִׁנָּיו אֵימָה.** אֲשֶׁר מִפְּנֵי פַּחְדּוֹ וְאֵימָתוֹ אֵין בְּרִיָּה יְכוֹלָה לְהִתְקָרֵב לְשִׁנָּיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Around his teeth is terror** That because of his fright and his terror, no creature can approach his teeth.


###### Rashi on Job 41:7:1
[Rashi on Job 41:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:7:1)

**גַּאֲוָה אֲפִיקֵי מָגִנִּים.** גַּאֲוָה גְּדוֹלָה יֵשׁ לוֹ בְּחֹזֶק מָגִנָּיו, הֵן קַשְׂקַשִּׂים שֶׁעָלָיו, הַמְּגִנִּין עָלָיו כְּמָגֵן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**There is pride in his strong shields** He takes great pride in the strength of his shields; they are the scales that are on him, which protect him like a shield.


###### Rashi on Job 41:7:2
[Rashi on Job 41:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:7:2)

**סָגוּר.** הוּא חוֹתַם שִׁרְיוֹנוֹ, שֶׁהוּא צַר וְסָגוּר וְעָצוּם; שֶׁכָּל קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת וְקַשְׂקֶשֶׂת דְּבוּקָה בּוֹ וַאֲדוּקָה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, שֶׁאֵין בְּרִיָּה יְכוֹלָה לְהַכּוֹתוֹ בֵּין הַדְּבָקִים (מלכים א כב:לד). וְזֶהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: **אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּשׁוּ.** שֶׁכֻּלָּן מֻגָּשׁוֹת וּתְכוּפוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**closed** That is the seal of his coat of mail, which is narrow, closed, and strong, for each scale is attached to him and attached to the next one, so that no creature can strike him between the scales. This is what is stated: They are so close to each other, that all of them are brought together and are close to each other.


###### Rashi on Job 41:9:1
[Rashi on Job 41:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:9:1)

**יִתְלַכְּדוּ וְלֹא יִתְפָּרָדוּ.** עֲדַיִן כּוֹפֵל לְשׁוֹנוֹ, שֶׁנִּלְכָּדוֹת וְנֶאֱחָדוֹת כָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, שֶׁלֹּא תִּהְיֶינָה מִתְפָּרְדוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they stick together and cannot be separated** He is still repeating his language, that they [the scales] are stuck together and each one is joined to the next one so that they should not separate from each other.


###### Rashi on Job 41:10:1
[Rashi on Job 41:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:10:1)

**עֲטִישֹׁתָיו תָּהֶל אוֹר.** בְּכָל עֲטִישָׁה וַעֲטִישָׁה שֶׁהוּא מִתְעַטֵּשׁ, יָהֶל וְתִזְרַח אוֹר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**His sneezes flash forth light** With every sneeze that he sneezes, light flashes forth and shines.


###### Rashi on Job 41:10:2
[Rashi on Job 41:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:10:2)

**תָּהֶל.** כְּמוֹ ״בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ״ (איוב כט:ג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**flash forth** as in (above 29:3), “when He lit (בהלו) His candle.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:10:3
[Rashi on Job 41:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:10:3)

**וְעֵינָיו כְּעַפְעַפֵּי שָׁחַר.** עֵינָיו זוֹרְחוֹת וּמְאִירוֹת כְּדִמְדּוּמֵי חַמָּה, כְּמוֹ לְעֵת בֹּקֶר שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶשׁ מִתְאַדֶּמֶת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and his eyes are like the rays of dawn** His eyes shine and illuminate like the redness of the sun, like the time of morning when the sun becomes red.


###### Rashi on Job 41:11:1
[Rashi on Job 41:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:11:1)

**מִפִּיו.** מִלַּהֶבֶת הַיּוֹצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From his mouth** From the flame that goes forth from his mouth.


###### Rashi on Job 41:11:2
[Rashi on Job 41:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:11:2)

**מִפִּיו לַפִּידִים יַהֲלֹכוּ.** לַפִּידִים יוֹצְאוֹת מִפִּיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From his mouth go firebrands** Firebrands come forth from his mouth.


###### Rashi on Job 41:11:3
[Rashi on Job 41:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:11:3)

**כְּיִדוֹדֵי אֵשׁ.** כְּמוֹ לַפִּידִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**sparks of fire** Like firebrands.


###### Rashi on Job 41:11:4
[Rashi on Job 41:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:11:4)

**יִתְמַלָּטוּ.** פִּתְרוֹנוֹ לְפִי עִנְיָנוֹ שוינ״ט אישקמוצי״ר בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**go forth like foam** Heb. יתמלטו . Its interpretation is according to the context, escumicer in Old French [going forth like foam].


###### Rashi on Job 41:12:1
[Rashi on Job 41:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:12:1)

**מִנְּחִירָיו יֵצֵא עָשָׁן.** כְּסִיר נָפוּחַ עַל הָאֵשׁ, שֶׁמַּעֲלֶה עָשָׁן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From his nostrils smoke goes forth** like a bubbling pot on the fire, which raises smoke.


###### Rashi on Job 41:12:2
[Rashi on Job 41:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:12:2)

**וְאַגְמוֹן.** פִּתְרוֹנוֹ לְפִי עִנְיָנוֹ, לְשׁוֹן כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ הוּא, כְּמוֹ **דּוּד נָפוּחַ**; כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״סִיר נָפוּחַ אֲנִי רֹאֶה״ (ירמיהו א:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and an earthenware vessel** ואגמן. Its interpretation is according to its context: an expression of an earthenware vessel, like a bubbling pot; according to the matter that is stated (Jer. 1:13): “I see a bubbling pot.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:13:1
[Rashi on Job 41:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:13:1)

**נַפְשׁוֹ גֶּחָלִים תְּלַהֵט.** גֶּחָלִים בּוֹעֲרוֹת וְלוֹהֲטוֹת, וְלַהֲבוֹת דּוֹלְקוֹת יוֹצְאוֹת מִפִּיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**His breath kindles coals** Burning and blazing coals. **and flame** And burning flames emerge from his mouth.


###### Rashi on Job 41:14:1
[Rashi on Job 41:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:14:1)

**בְּצַוָּארוֹ יָלִין עֹז.** גְּבוּרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Strength lodges in his neck** Mightiness.


###### Rashi on Job 41:14:2
[Rashi on Job 41:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:14:2)

**וּלְפָנָיו תָּדוּץ דְּאָבָה.** שֶׁאֵין דַּאֲבוֹן וְעִצָּבוֹן לְפָנָיו, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְיָרֵא מִשּׁוּם בְּרִיָּה. תָּדוּץ לְשׁוֹן דִּיצָה וְשִׂמְחָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and sadness rejoices before him** For there is no sadness or grief before him, since he does not fear any creature. [The word] תָּדוּץ is an expression of joy and happiness.


###### Rashi on Job 41:15:1
[Rashi on Job 41:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:15:1)

**מַפְּלֵי בְשָׂרוֹ דָבֵקוּ.** נִדְבָּקוֹת וּתְכוּפוֹת זוֹ בָּזוֹ, שֶׁהַדָּגִים הֵן נַעֲשִׂין חֲתִיכוֹת חֲתִיכוֹת בִּבְשָׂרוֹ, וּמְדֻבָּקוֹת זוֹ בָּזוֹ. וּבְדָג גָּדוֹל כְּשֶׁהוּא מְבֻשָּׁל, נִרְאוֹת חֲתִיכוֹת כְּשֶׁהֵן שׁוֹכְבוֹת זוֹ עַל זוֹ וְזוֹ אֵצֶל זוֹ. וְכֵן הוֹלֵךְ סִדּוּר הַמִּלָּה: תְּחִלָּה דִּבֵּר בְּקַשְׂקַשּׂוֹתָיו שֶׁל לִוְיָתָן וְאַחַר כֵּן בַּחֲתִיכוֹת בְּשָׂרוֹ וְחֹזֶק לִבּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The flakes of his flesh are joined together** Heb. דבקו. They adhere to each other closely, for the fish are composed of many pieces in its flesh, and they adhere to one another. In a large fish, which is cooked, the pieces are noticeable when they are lying one upon the other and one beside the other, and so is the sequence of the world: First he speaks of the scales of the leviathan and then of the flakes of his flesh and the strength of his heart.


###### Rashi on Job 41:15:2
[Rashi on Job 41:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:15:2)

**מַפְּלֵי.** לְשׁוֹן כְּפִילוּת חֲתִיכוֹת. וְיֵשׁ לוֹמַר כְּמוֹ פְּלָאֵי פְּלוּיֵי שֶׁבִּלְשׁוֹן גְּמָרָא (נדה כא:) לְשׁוֹן בִּקּוּעַ בִּקּוּעֵי חֲתִיכוֹתָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**flakes** Heb. מפלי, an expression of folds of pieces. It is also possible to explain it as פְלָאֵי פלוּיֵי, [if it is split] in the language of the Talmud, an expression of the splits of his flakes.


###### Rashi on Job 41:15:3
[Rashi on Job 41:15:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:15:3)

**דָּבְקוּ.** בֵּי״ת קְמוּצָה בְּקָמַץ קָטָן, כְּמוֹ ״וּלְשׁוֹנָם לְחִכָּם דָּבֵקָה״ (איוב כט:י), וְכֵן הַרְבֵּה בְּאֶתְנַחְתָּא וְסוֹף פָּסוּק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**are joined together** the “beth” is vowelized by a small “kamatz” (tzeireh), like (Job 29:1O), “and their tongues stuck (דבקה) to their palates,” and many other cantillated by “ethrahta” or “sof pasuk.” [These are the pause accents.]


###### Rashi on Job 41:15:4
[Rashi on Job 41:15:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:15:4)

**יָצוּק עָלָיו.** כָּל מַפָּל וּמַפָּל יָצוּק זֶה עַל זֶה אֲשֶׁר **לֹא יִמּוֹט** וְלֹא יִתְפָּרֵד זֶה מֵעַל זֶה. יָצוּק לְשׁוֹן ״מוּצָק״ (איוב לז:יח), וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן עָשׂוּי, כְּמוֹ יָרוּד מִן יָרַד, יָצוּק מִן יָצַק, ״יָדוּעַ״ (ישעיה נג:ג) מִן יָדַע:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**poured out upon it** Heb. יצוק. Every flake poured out one upon the other, so that it should not move or separate one from the other. [The word] יָצוּק is an expression of being poured, and it is the passive participle, like יָרוּד, descended, from ירד ; יָצוּק, poured, from יצק ; יָדוּעַ, known, from ידע.


###### Rashi on Job 41:16:1
[Rashi on Job 41:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:16:1)

**לִבּוֹ יָצוּק כְּמוֹ אָבֶן.** לִבּוֹ בְּקִרְבּוֹ חָזָק וּמְיֻסָּד כְּאֶבֶן הַקְּבוּעָה וּנְתוּנָה בִּיסוֹד הַבִּנְיָן בְּחֹזֶק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**His heart is as strong as stone** His heart within him is as strong and basic as a permanent stone that is placed securely in the foundation of a building.


###### Rashi on Job 41:16:2
[Rashi on Job 41:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:16:2)

**יָצוּק כְּפֶלַח תַּחְתִּית.** כּוֹפֵל מִלָּתוֹ, שֶׁמְּיֻסָּד לִבּוֹ וְקָבוּעַ כְּפֶלַח שֶׁל רֵחַיִם, שֶׁנָּתוּן בְּתַחְתִּיתוֹ שֶׁל פֶּלַח רֶכֶב. שֶׁפֶּלַח רֶכֶב שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה – הוּא סוֹבֵב וּמִתְגַּלְגֵּל וְטוֹחֵן, וְשֶׁל מַטָּה – אֵינוֹ זָז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ כִּי קָבוּעַ הוּא בִּמְקוֹמוֹ, אֲשֶׁר לֹא יִמּוֹט (ישעיהו מ:כ). הוּא נִקְרָא ׳פֶּלַח׳, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַתַּשְׁלֵךְ אִשָּׁה אַחַת פֶּלַח רֶכֶב עַל רֹאשׁ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ״ (שופטים ט:נג), וְאֶת שֶׁלְּמַטָּה קָרוּי פֶּלַח תַּחְתִּית:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and as strong as a lower millstone** This clause is repetitious, meaning that his heart is as basic and permanent as the millstone that is placed under the upper millstone, for the upper millstone revolves and rotates and grinds, whereas the lower one does not move from its place because it is fastened to its place, so that it should not move. That is called פֶּלַח [רֶכֶב] as it is stated (Jud. 9:53): “And a certain woman cast an upper millstone: פֶּלַח רֶכֶב, upon Abimelech’s head.” The lower one is called פֶלַח תַּחתִּית the lower piece.


###### Rashi on Job 41:17:1
[Rashi on Job 41:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:17:1)

**מִשֵּׂתוֹ יָגוּרוּ אֵלִים.** מִפַּחְדּוֹ מִתְיָרְאִים גִּבּוֹרִים וַחֲזָקִים, בֵּין דָּגִים בֵּין שְׁאָר בְּרִיּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From his fear the mighty are frightened** From his fear, the mighty and strong, both fishes and other creatures, are frightened.


###### Rashi on Job 41:17:2
[Rashi on Job 41:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:17:2)

**מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ.** גַּלֵּי הַיָּם, שֶׁקְּרוּיִין מִשְׁבָּרִים, הֵן חֲסֵרִין לְפָנָיו; שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹבְרָן בִּפְרִיחָתוֹ, כַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא פּוֹרֵחַ וְצָף בְּגַלֵּי הַיָּם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the breakers fail** The waves of the sea, which are called breakers, fail before him, because he breaks them with his swimming, as he swims and floats in the waves of the sea.


###### Rashi on Job 41:17:3
[Rashi on Job 41:17:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:17:3)

**יִתְחַטָּאוּ.** לְשׁוֹן חִסָּרוֹן, כְּמוֹ ״וְהָיִיתִי אֲנִי וּבְנִי שְׁלֹמֹה חַטָּאִים״ (מלכים א א:כא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
[The word] יִתְחַטָּאוּ is an expression of a lack, like (I Kings 1:21), “and I and my son Solomon will be lacking (חַטָּאִים).”


###### Rashi on Job 41:18:1
[Rashi on Job 41:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:18:1)

**מַשִּׂיגֵהוּ חֶרֶב בְּלִי תָקוּם.** גִּבּוֹר הַמַּשִּׂיגֵהוּ לְהִלָּחֵם בְּחֶרֶב – לֹא יִתְקַיֵּם חַרְבּוֹ, כִּי הוּא יִשְׁבְּרֶנָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He who overtakes him with a sword—it will not remain** A mighty man, who overtakes him to wage battle with a sword—his sword will not remain, because he will break it.


###### Rashi on Job 41:18:2
[Rashi on Job 41:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:18:2)

**חֲנִית מַסָּע וְשִׁרְיָה.** וְכֵן כָּל כְּלֵי מִלְחָמָה הַלָּלוּ שֶׁבְּיַד הַמַּשִּׂיג, לֹא יִתְקַיְּמוּ וְלֹא יַעַמְדוּ לְפָנָיו שֶׁל לִוְיָתָן. .**מַסָּע.** יֵשׁ לוֹמַר שֶׁהוּא אֶחָד מִכְּלֵי מִלְחָמָה, כְּמוֹ חֶרֶב וַחֲנִית וְשִׁרְיָה. וְיֵשׁ לוֹמַר מַסָּע דּוּגְמַת ״אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה מַסָּע וְגוֹ׳״ (מלכים א ו:ז). וְזֶהוּ פִּתְרוֹנוֹ: **חֲנִית מַסָּע** שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל וְאֵינוֹ נוֹחַ לְטַלְטֵל כָּל כָּךְ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא גָּדוֹל וְחָזָק מְאֹד; כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּגָלְיַת הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי ״וְחֵץ חֲנִיתוֹ כִּמְנוֹר אֹרְגִים וְלַהֶבֶת חֲנִיתוֹ שֵׁשׁ מֵאוֹת וְגוֹ׳״ (שמואל א יז:ז):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[neither will] a spear, a slingshot, or a coat of mail** Likewise, none of these weapons that are in the hands of the overtaker will either remain or stand up before the leviathan. The word מַסָע may be said to be one type of weapon, like the sword, spear, and coat of mail(?). מַסָע may also be interpreted after the sample of (I Kings 6:7), “whole stones as they were transported (מַסָע) etc.,” and this is its interpretation: a transported spear, which is large and not so easily moved, because it is large and very strong; as the matter is stated concerning Goliath the Philistine (I Sam. 17:7), “And the shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and the spear’s head was six hundred shekels, etc.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:18:3
[Rashi on Job 41:18:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:18:3)

**וְשִׁרְיָה.** שִׁרְיוֹן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a coat of mail** Heb. ושריה, a coat of mail (שריון).


###### Rashi on Job 41:19:1
[Rashi on Job 41:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:19:1)

**יַחְשֹׁב לְתֶבֶן בַּרְזֶל.** כְּלֵי זַיִן שֶׁל בַּרְזֶל חֲשׁוּבִים לְפָנָיו כְּתֶבֶן, וּכְלֵי זַיִן שֶׁל נְחֹשֶׁת הֵם לְפָנָיו כִּרְקֵבוּת עֵץ.

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He regards iron as straw** Iron weapons are regarded by him as straw, and copper weapons are to him as rotten wood.


###### Rashi on Job 41:20:1
[Rashi on Job 41:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:20:1)

**לֹא יַבְרִיחֶנּוּ בֶן קָשֶׁת.** לֹא יִבְרַח מִפְּנֵי בַּעַל קֶשֶׁת וְחִצִּים, וְאַבְנֵי בַּלִּיסְטְרָאוֹת הֲרֵי הֵן לְפָנָיו כְּקַשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**No arrow can put him to flight** He will not flee before an archer, and arrows and slingstones are as stubble to him.


###### Rashi on Job 41:21:1
[Rashi on Job 41:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:21:1)

**תּוֹתָח.** הוּא כְּלִי זַיִן, וּפִתְרוֹנוֹ לְפִי עִנְיָנוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Catapult [stones]** a weapon, to be interpreted according to the context.


###### Rashi on Job 41:21:2
[Rashi on Job 41:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:21:2)

**וְיִשְׂחַק לְרַעַשׁ כִּידוֹן.** לְרַעַשׁ מְהוּמַת בַּעֲלֵי מִלְחָמוֹת נוֹטְלֵי כִּידוֹן, הוּא מְשַׂחֵק וּמְטַיֵּל; שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְיָרֵא מִפְּנֵיהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and he plays at the noise of the harpoon** At the noise of the tumult of warriors who carry harpoons, he plays and strolls, for he does not fear them.


###### Rashi on Job 41:22:1
[Rashi on Job 41:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:22:1)

**תַּחְתָּיו חַדּוּדֵי חָרֶשׂ.** בִּמְקוֹם חֲנִיָּתוֹ יֵשׁ זָהֳרוּרֵי שֶׁמֶשׁ, כִּי סְנַפִּירִים שֶׁלּוֹ, אֲשֶׁר תַּחְתָּיו – בְּבִטְנוֹ, מְאִירוֹת וּמַזְרִיחוֹת כַּשֶּׁמֶשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Under him are rays of the sun** in the place he rests, there are rays of the sun, because his fins, which are under him on his belly, illuminate and shine like the sun.


###### Rashi on Job 41:22:2
[Rashi on Job 41:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:22:2)

**חַדּוּדֵי.** כְּמוֹ ״חֶרֶב חַדָּה״ (יחזקאל ה:א), שֶׁהִיא שְׁנוּנָה, צַחָה וּמְלֻבָּנָה; וְעַל שֵׁם כָּךְ קוֹרֵא לְזַהֲרוּרֵי – חַדּוּדֵי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**rays** Heb. חדודי, like a sharp sword, which is sharpened, bright, and whitened. Because of this, he calls rays חַדוּדֵי.


###### Rashi on Job 41:22:3
[Rashi on Job 41:22:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:22:3)

**חֶרֶשׂ.** שֶׁמֶשׁ, כְּמוֹ ״הָאוֹמֵר לַחֶרֶס לֹא יִזְרָח וְגוֹ׳״ (איוב ט:ז), ״בְּטֶרֶם תָּבֹא הַחַרְסָה״ (שופטים יד:יח):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**sun** Heb. חרשׂ, the sun, like (above 9:7), “He who spoke to the sun (לחרס) and it did not shine”; (Jud. 14:18); “before the sun (החרסה) set. “


###### Rashi on Job 41:22:4
[Rashi on Job 41:22:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:22:4)

**יִרְפַּד חָרוּץ עֲלֵי טִיט.** מִלָּה כְּפוּלָה, יִרְפַּד חָרוּץ מוּסָב עַל חִדּוּדֵי חֶרֶס, עֲלֵי טִיט מוּסָב עַל תַּחְתִּיתוֹ, בִּמְקוֹם שֶׁהוּא שָׂם עַל הַחוֹל, זֶה טִיט רִפּוּדוֹ מַזְרִיחַ כְּזָהָב חָרוּץ, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״רְפִידָתוֹ זָהָב״ (שיר השירים ג:י), חָרוּץ מִין זָהָב, כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״מֵחָרוּץ תְּבוּאָתָהּ״ (משלי ג:יד), ״טוֹב פִּרְיָהּ מֵחָרוּץ וּמִפָּז״ (משלי ח:יט). יִרְפַּד לְשׁוֹן מַצָּע וּמִשְׁכָּב כְּמוֹ ״רְפִידָתוֹ זָהָב״ (שיר ג:י):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**where he lies is gold upon the mire** This is a repeated clause. “Where he lies is gold,” refers to “rays of the sun”; “upon the mire” refers to “under him,” in the place where he is on the sand; this is the mire where he lies. It shines like precious gold, as it is stated (Song 3:10): “its couch of gold.” חָרוּץ is a type of gold, as it is stated (Prov. 8:19): “My fruit is better than gold (מחרוץ), yea than fine gold.” Where he lies—an expression of a couch for lying down, like (Song 3:10), “its couch (רפידתו) of gold.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:23:1
[Rashi on Job 41:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:23:1)

**יַרְתִּיחַ כַּסִּיר מְצוּלָה.** כְּסִיר קָטָן נָפוּחַ, שֶׁמַּעֲלֶה מְהֵרָה רְתִיחוֹת תְּכוּפוֹת וּרְצוּפוֹת, כֵּן הוּא מַרְתִּיחַ אֶת הַמְּצוּלָה שֶׁהִיא גְּדוֹלָה וַעֲמֻקָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He makes the deep seethe like a pot** Like a small bubbling pot, that quickly raises bubbles one after another, so does he cause the deep, which is large and deep, to seethe.


###### Rashi on Job 41:23:2
[Rashi on Job 41:23:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:23:2)

**יָם יָשִׂים כַּמֶּרְקָחָה.** כְּמִרְקַחַת רִקּוּחַ בְּשָׂמִים, שֶׁהִיא מְעוֹרָה וּמְעֹרֶבֶת, כְּמוֹ כֵן יָשִׂים וִיעָרֵב אֶת הַיָּם כְּשֶׁהוּא זָז מִמְּקוֹמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he makes the sea like a seething mixture** Like a mixture of a concoction of spices, which is compounded and mixed, so does he make and mix the sea when he moves from his place.


###### Rashi on Job 41:24:1
[Rashi on Job 41:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:24:1)

**אַחֲרָיו יָאִיר נָתִיב.** כְּשֶׁהוּא פּוֹרֵחַ וְשָׁט בַּיָּם, אַחֲרָיו מֵאִיר נָתִיב הַתְּהוֹם; שֶׁלְּפִי שָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא פּוֹרֵחַ, וְאֵין שָׁם מַיִם מֵחֲמַת מְרוּצַת פְּרִיחָתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He makes a path shine after him** When he swims and floats in the sea, he makes the path of the deep shine, for at the time he swims, there is no water because of the speed of his swimming.


###### Rashi on Job 41:24:2
[Rashi on Job 41:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:24:2)

**יַחְשֹׁב תְּהוֹם לְשֵׂיבָה.** תְּהוֹם חָשׁוּב לְפָנָיו בְּחַלָּשׁוּת וְתַשּׁוּת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he considers the deep to be hoary** To him, the deep is considered to be weak and feeble.


###### Rashi on Job 41:24:3
[Rashi on Job 41:24:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:24:3)

**לְשֵׂיבָה.** לְחַלְשׁוּת שֶׁל זִקְנָה וְשֵׂיבָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to be hoary** The weakness of old age and hoariness.


###### Rashi on Job 41:25:1
[Rashi on Job 41:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:25:1)

**אֵין עַל עָפָר מָשְׁלוֹ.** מֵ״ם חֲטַף קָמַץ, וּפִתְרוֹנוֹ: מֶמְשַׁלְתּוֹ – שֶׁאֵין בְּרִיָּה מוֹשֶׁלֶת עָלָיו. וְהוּא שֵׁם דָּבָר: מוֹשֵׁל וְשִׁלְטוֹן, וְעַל כֵּן הַמֵּ״ם מְנֻקֶּדֶת בַּחֲטַף קָמַץ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**On the dust there is none that rules over him** The “mem” [is vowelized] with a “hataf kamatz,” and it means his rule, that no creature rules over him, and it is a noun denoting a ruler. Therefore, the “mem” is vowelized with a “hataf kamatz.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:25:2
[Rashi on Job 41:25:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:25:2)

**הֶעָשׂוּ.** כְּמוֹ ״הֶעָשׂוּי״ (שמות ג:טז), וְלֹא יָדַעְתִּי לוֹ רֵיעַ. וּפִתְרוֹנוֹ: הֶעָשׂוּי בְּלִי פַּחַד וּמְחִתָּה, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְיָרֵא מִן הַבְּרִיּוֹת; כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּסּוּס ״יִשְׂחַק לְפַחַד וְלֹא יֵחָת״ (איוב לט:כב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**which is made** Heb. העשו, like העשוי [the passive participle]. However, I know of no similar case [in Scripture]. It means one that was made without fear or dismay, that is not afraid of the creatures, as it is stated concerning the horse (above 39:22): “He scorns fear and is not dismayed.”


###### Rashi on Job 41:26:1
[Rashi on Job 41:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:26:1)

**אֶת כָּל גָּבֹהַּ יִרְאֶה.** כָּל הַגְּבוֹהִים שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם הוּא רוֹאֶה תַּחְתָּיו, וְכֵן הוּא מִנְהַג הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר אוֹתוֹ הָעוֹמֵד לְמַעְלָה רוֹאֶה אֶת הַתַּחְתּוֹן יוֹתֵר מִמַּה שֶּׁרוֹאֶה הַתַּחְתּוֹן, וְאֵין לַתַּחְתּוֹן גְּבוּרָה וְנִצָּחוֹן נֶגֶד הָעֶלְיוֹן. וְלִוְיָתָן זֶה רוֹאֶה אֶת כָּל הַגִּבּוֹרִים, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם גְּבוּרָה כְּנֶגְדּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He looks at all high things** All the high things in the world he sees beneath himself, for so is the custom of the world, that whoever stands above sees the one below more than the one below sees [him]. Also, the one below has no power or victory against the one above. Now this leviathan sees all mighty men; that is to say, they have no power against him.


###### Rashi on Job 41:26:2
[Rashi on Job 41:26:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Job/r/41:26:2)

**הוּא מֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל בְּנֵי שָׁחַץ.** מִלָּה כְּפוּלָה: עַל כָּל גַּאֲוָה יִרְאֶה, וְהוּא מֶלֶךְ עַל כָּל בְּנֵי שָׁחַץ – בְּנֵי גַּסּוּת הָרוּחַ שֶׁבָּרָאתִי בְּעוֹלָמִי, שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מֶמְשָׁלָה וּשְׂרָרָה. וְהָאֵיךְ נְשָׂאֲךָ לִבְּךָ לָשֵׂאת רֹאשׁ לְפָנַי, לְהִתְוַכֵּחַ נֶגְדִּי – כִּי הִנְנִי עוֹשֶׂה אֶת כָּל הַנִּפְלָאוֹת הָאֵלֶּה?!

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**he is king over all proud beasts** This is a repeated expression. He looks over all proud beasts and he is king over all the proud beasts, over all haughty creatures that I created in My world, who have no rule or dominion against him. Now how did you dare to lift your head before Me, since I perform all these wonders?