## Rashi on Judges Chapter 3 ###### Rashi on Judges 3:1:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:1:1) **לְנַסּוֹת בָּם אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל.** אֶת דּוֹר הָאַחֵר אֲשֶׁר לֹא יָדְעוּ אֶת נִסֵּי מִלְחֲמוֹת כְּנַעַן וְלֹא רָאוּ אֶת הַמַּעֲשֶׂה הַגָּדוֹל, וְהִמְרוּ וּמָעֲלוּ בַמָּקוֹם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **So that Yisroel would be tested through them.** This was a different generation, ignorant of the miracles of the Canaanite wars, and not having witnessed the great deeds, they rebelled, and betrayed the Omnipresent. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:2:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:2:1) **רַק לְמַעַן דַּעַת.** רַק לְדָבָר הַזֶּה לְבַדּוֹ הִנִּיחָם, לְמַעַן דַּעַת וּלְהִתְבּוֹנֵן דּוֹרוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מַה הַחֵטְא גּוֹרֵם, כִּי עַתָּה הֵם זְקוּקִים לְלַמְּדָם מִלְחָמָה: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Only so that they should know.** For this alone, He permitted these nations to remain, so that future generations of the Bnei Yisroel might grasp the consequence of iniquity—for it was now necessary for them to undergo martial training. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:2:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:2:2) **רַק אֲשֶׁר לְפָנִים.** שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִים לְשָׁרֵת אֶת ה׳: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Whereas earlier** when they stood worshiping Adonoy. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:2:3 [Rashi on Judges 3:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:2:3) **לֹא יְדָעוּם.** לְמִלְחָמוֹת הַלָּלוּ וְטַכְסִיסֵיהֶם, וְלֹא נִצְרְכוּ לָהֶם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **This was unknown.** These wars and the art of battle. It was unnecessary. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:3:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:3:1) **חֲמֵשֶׁת סַרְנֵי פְלִשְׁתִּים.** הֵם הַגּוֹיִם אֲשֶׁר הִנִּיחַ לְנַסּוֹת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Five Pelishtite sovereignties.** These were the nations whom He permited to remain as a test. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:10:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:10:1) **וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ ה׳.** דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא (מדרש תנחומא שמות כ) נִסְתַּכֵּל בָּהֶם, שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה בְּמִצְרַיִם (שמות ג:ז) רָאֹה רָאִיתִי אֶת עֳנִי עַמִּי, מַה הֵן שְׁתֵּי רְאִיּוֹת הַלָּלוּ, אָמַר לוֹ: רוֹאֶה אֲנִי שֶׁעֲתִידִין לִטְעוֹת בָּעֵגֶל, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן ׳רָאִיתִי אֶת עֳנִי עַמִּי׳. זוֹ דָּרַשׁ עָתְנִיאֵל, אָמַר: בֵּין זַכִּים בֵּין חַיָּבִים, עָלָיו לְהוֹשִׁיעָם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The Divine spirit visited him.** R' Tanchuma expounded: He studied the statement of the Holy One, blessed is He, to Moshe in Mitzrayim, "I have surely seen (lit. 'seeing, I have seen') the tribulation of my people."¹ What are the two sights?² He said to him, "I see that they are destined to err with the golden calf—nevertheless, 'I have seen the tribulation of my people.'" Asniel expounded upon this, saying, whether innocent or guilty, He is obliged to save them.³ footnotes: ¹ Shemos, 3:7. ² ‘Seeing’ I have ‘seen’. ³ Shemos Rabah, 3:2. Accordingly, “He judged Yisroel” in our passage does not refer to Asniel’s adjudication of litigation in the courtroom, but to his exposition of “I have seen” in his prayer before Adonoy. In his “judgement”, Yisroel was to be saved. (Radal there, 5) ###### Rashi on Judges 3:13:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:13:1) **אֶת עִיר הַתְּמָרִים.** יְרִיחוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The city of dates.** Yericho. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:15:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:15:1) **אִטֵּר יַד יְמִינוֹ.** תִּרְגֵּם יְהוֹנָתָן: גְּבַר גְּמִיד יַד יְמִינֵיהּ, וְכָל גְּמִיד לְשׁוֹן אֲרָמִי הוּא, דָּבָר כָּווּץ מֵחֲמַת חֹלִי, ריטרי״ט בְּלַעַ״ז; לֹא הָיָה שׁוֹלֵט בְּיַד יְמִינוֹ. וּבִלְשׁוֹן עִבְרִי: אִטֵּר, אָטוּם, כְּמוֹ (תהלים סט:טז) וְאַל תֶּאְטַר עָלַי בְּאֵר פִּיהָ, אָטוּם בְּיַד יְמִינוֹ, שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה שׁוֹלֵט בָּהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Whose right arm was immobile.** Yonasan renders "A man whose right arm was shrunken." "Gamid" in the Aramaic always indicates something shrunken by disease, "retrait", "shrunk" in old French. He could not utilize his right arm. In Hebrew, "closed", as in "Let not the well close its mouth over me."⁴ His right arm was "closed"—he could not utilize it. footnotes: ⁴ Tehilim, 69:16. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:16:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:16:1) **גֹּמֶד אָרְכָּהּ.** אַמָּה גְּדוּמָה, וּבִלְשׁוֹן אַשְׁכְּנַז: דוימ״ן לאנ״ג, וּבִלְשׁוֹן לַעַז: גשקור״ט: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **One *gomed* long.** An abridged amoh.⁵ In German, 'daumen lang'. In old French, 'espan courte'. footnotes: ⁵ The length of the forearm. (Rashbam to Bava Basra, 100:a). ###### Rashi on Judges 3:16:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:16:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:16:2) **עַל יֶרֶךְ יְמִינוֹ.** לְפִי שֶׁבִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ שׁוֹלֵט, יֹאחֲזֶנָּה בִּשְׂמֹאלוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Over his right thigh.** Since he was able to utilize his left hand, he would grasp it with the left hand. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:17:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:17:1) **אִישׁ בָּרִיא.** (תרגום:) פָּטִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Obese.** Fat. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:18:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:18:1) **וַיְשַׁלַּח אֶת הָעָם.** חָזַר לַאֲחוֹרָיו וְלִוָּה אֶת חֲבוּרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר בָּאוּ עִמּוֹ לָשֵׂאת אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, וְלִוָּה אוֹתָם עַד הַגִּלְגָּל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He escorted the people.** He turned back to accompany the delegation of Yisroelites who came with him to bear the gift. He escorted them until Gilgal. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:19:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:19:1) **וְהוּא שָׁב.** יְחִידִי: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He then returned** alone. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:19:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:19:2) **מִן הַפְּסִילִים.** מָקוֹם שֶׁפּוֹסְלִים שָׁם אֲבָנִים מִן הָהָר, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: מִן מַחְצְבַיָּא, וּבָא אֶל עֶגְלוֹן וַיֹּאמֶר לוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **From the quarries.** An area where stones were excavated from the mountain. Similarly, Yonasan renders "from the quarries." Then he went to Eglon,⁶ and declared to him.⁷ footnotes: ⁶ Ehud’s return to Eglon is not actually discussed in the text. Rashi mentions the return for the sake of clarification. ⁷ “…I have a matter, etc.”. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:19:3 [Rashi on Judges 3:19:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:19:3) **וַיֹּאמֶר הָס.** אָמַר עֶגְלוֹן: שִׁתְקוּ אֶת הַכֹּל מֵעָלַי, וְיוֹנָתָן תִּרְגֵּם הָס: סְלִיק, הוֹצִיא כָּל אִישׁ, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן ׳הָס׳, לְשׁוֹן שְׁתוֹק: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He said, "Hsst."** Eglon said, "Silence everyone near me!" Yonasan renders, "Leave!"—remove everyone. Still, the term connotes silence.⁸ footnotes: ⁸ Silence them by removing them. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:20:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:20:1) **בַּעֲלִיַּת הַמְּקֵרָה.** (תרגום:) בַּעֲלִיַּת בֵּית קַיְטָא, שֶׁהָיְתָה לָאֲוִיר וְצוֹנֶנֶת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **In his penthouse veranda.** In the summer penthouse which was airy and cool. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:20:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:20:2) **דְּבַר אֱלֹהִים לִי אֵלֶיךָ.** וְצָרִיךְ אַתָּה לַעֲמוֹד: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **I have a Divine message for you!** Thus, you are required to rise. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:20:3 [Rashi on Judges 3:20:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:20:3) **וַיָּקָם מֵעַל הַכִּסֵּא.** לְכָךְ זָכָה וְיָצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ רוּת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **He rose from the throne.** He therefore merited that Rus was descended from him. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:22:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:22:1) **הַנִּצָּב.** הוּא הַבַּרְזֶל שֶׁהַשָּׁנוּן תָּחוּב לְתוֹכוֹ, שֶׁקּוֹרִין הול״ט בְּלַעַ״ז, הוּא הַמַּעֲמִיד הַחֶרֶב עַל פִּי תַּעְרָהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The hilt.** The iron into which the blade is inserted, called 'hulot' in old French. This balances the sword in its scabbard. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:22:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:22:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:22:2) **הַלַּהַב.** הוּא הַשָּׁנוּן שֶׁקּוֹרִין ברונ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז, וּבְלַעַ״ז למ״א: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The blade.** The sharpened section, called "brant" and "lama" in old French. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:22:3 [Rashi on Judges 3:22:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:22:3) **וַיִּסְגֹּר הַחֵלֶב.** שֻׁמָּנוֹ, שֶׁהָיָה שָׁמֵן מְאֹד, וְכִסָּה אֶת כָּל אֹרֶךְ הַחֶרֶב: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The fat closed.** His fat. He was extremely corpulent, so that he enclosed the entire length of the dagger. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:22:4 [Rashi on Judges 3:22:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:22:4) **וַיֵּצֵא הַפַּרְשְׁדֹּנָה.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: וּנְפַק אוּכְלֵיהּ שְׁפִיךְ, עֲשָׂאָן כִּשְׁתֵּי תֵבוֹת וְשִׁי״ן מְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת לִשְׁתֵּיהֶן, וַיֵּצֵא הַפֶּרֶשׁ, שְׁדוֹנָה, בִּשְׁפִיכָה. שָׁפַךְ, ׳שְׁדָא׳ כְּתַרְגּוּמוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Waste matter oozed.** Yonasan renders, "Spilled waste matter oozed." He reads this as a contraction of two words with the 'shin' serving both.⁹ "spilled waste matter" [oozed].¹⁰שְׁפַךְ, "spilled", is the translation of שְׁדָא¹¹ according to Yonasan. footnotes: ⁹ פַּרְשְׁדֹֽנׇה is read as פֶּרֶשׁ־שְׁדוֹנׇא, “spilled waste matter”, with the middle ש serving as the last letter of פֶּרֶשׁ and the first letter of שְׁדוֹנׇא. ¹⁰ The waste matter first spilled from the abdomen into the body, then it oozed from the wound. (Ralbag). ¹¹ Or שְׁדוֹנׇא. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:23:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:23:1) **וַיֵּצֵא אֵהוּד הַמִּסְדְּרוֹנָה.** מִן הָעֲלִיָּה אֶל הַמִּסְדְּרוֹנָה, תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: לְאַכְסַדְרָא: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And Ehud went out to the hallway.** From the penthouse to the מסדרונה, translated by Targum Yonasan as 'hallway'. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:23:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:23:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:23:2) **וְנָעָל.** בְּמַפְתֵּחַ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And locked** With the key. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:24:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:24:1) **וְהוּא יָצָא.** אֵהוּד יָצָא, וְעַבְדָיו שֶׁל עֶגְלוֹן בָּאוּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **As he left.** Ehud left, and Eglon's servants came. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:24:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:24:2) **מֵסִיךְ רַגְלָיו.** (תרגום:) עָבֵיד צוֹרְכֵיהּ, הֵם נְקָבִים הַגְּדוֹלִים: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Relieving himself [lit. 'covering his legs'].** Performing his necessary bodily functions. This refers to a bowel movement.¹² footnotes: ¹² When the legs are covered as a matter of modesty. (Metzudas). ###### Rashi on Judges 3:25:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:25:1) **עַד בּוֹשׁ.** עַד עִכּוּב, כְּלוֹמַר זְמַן אָרוֹךְ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **A considerable time.** [lit.] Until [it constituted] delay, as if to say, a considerable time. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:26:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:26:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:26:1) **נִמְלָט.** בָּרַח, אישקימוציי״ר בְּלַעַ״ז: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Escaped.** Fled, "eschamocier" in old French. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:26:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:26:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:26:2) **עַד הִתְמַהְמְהָם.** כְּמוֹ (שיר השירים א:יב) עַד שֶׁהַמֶּלֶךְ בִּמְסִבּוֹ, (שם ב:ז) אֶת הָאַהֲבָה עַד שֶׁתֶּחְפָּץ, בְּעוֹד שֶׁשְּׁנֵינוּ חֲפֵצִים בָּהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **While [lit. until] they tarried.** As in,¹³ "While the king lounged,"¹⁴ "Affection, while still desired"¹⁵—while we both desire it. footnotes: ¹³ Rashi cites these quotations to demonstrate that עַד, lit. “until”, may be translated as while”. ¹⁴ Shir Hashirim, 1:12. ¹⁵ Ibid, 2:7. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:26:3 [Rashi on Judges 3:26:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:26:3) **הַשְּׂעִירָתָה.** יַעַר דַּק וְעָב, שֶׁקּוֹרִין ברוצ״ש בְּלַעַ״ז, וְטוֹב הוּא לְהֵחָבֵא וְהַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ בְּסֵדֶר זְרָעִים שֶׁעַנְפֵי אִילָנוֹת דַּקִּים קְרוּיִין שֵׂעָר (כלאים ד:ט) הוֹפֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׂעָר, (פאה ב:ג) וְאִם הָיָה הַשֵּׂעָר כּוֹתֵשׁ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **In the underbrush.** A thin-branched, heavily wooded forest, called "brousaille", brush, in old French, excellent for concealment. Frequently, in the order of Zeraim, thin branches are called "sa'ar"—"[He] overturned the branches,"¹⁶ "If the branches meshed."¹⁷ footnotes: ¹⁶ Kilayim, 4:9. ¹⁷ Peah, 2:3. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:27:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:27:1) **וַיְהִי בְּבוֹאוֹ.** שֶׁעָבַר אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן וּבָא לִמְקוֹמוֹ בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנָעַן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **It happened that, when he arrived.** He crossed the Yardein, and arrived at his place in the land of Canaan.¹⁸ footnotes: ¹⁸ The text omits Ehud’s crossing of the Yardein and his arrival in Canaan. Rashi mentions these events for clarification. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:27:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:27:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:27:2) **בְּהַר אֶפְרָיִם.** שֶׁהָיָה בְּאֶרֶץ כְּנַעַן בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן הַמַּעֲרָבִי, וְאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב הָיְתָה בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן בְּמִזְרָחוֹ, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁשָּׁלְטוּ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְעָבְרוּ אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן, יָרְשׁוּ אֶת יְרִיחוֹ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב לְמַעְלָה (פסוק יג) וְנָתְנוּ אֶת סַרְנֵיהֶם וּשְׁלִיטֵיהֶם עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **At Mount Ephrayim.** Which was in the land of Canaan, on the western side of the Yardein. The land of Moav was on the eastern side of the Yardein, but as they had subdued Yisroel and crossed the Yardein, they occupied Yericho as stated above, and installed their princes and governors over Yisroel. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:28:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:28:1) **רִדְפוּ.** לַהֲרֹג אֶת כָּל מוֹאָב שֶׁבְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן שֶׁלָּנוּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Charge behind me** to wipe out all the Moabites on our side of the Yardein. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:28:2 [Rashi on Judges 3:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:28:2) **וַיִּלְכְּדוּ אֶת מַעְבְּרוֹת הַיַּרְדֵּן.** שֶׁלֹּא יַעַבְרוּ מוֹאָב לָנוּס וְלָשׁוּב אֶל אַרְצָם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Took control of the Yardein passes** so that the Moabites could not cross to escape and return to their country. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:29:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:29:1) **כָּל שָׁמֵן.** (תרגום:) כָּל גְּבַר אֵימְתָן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **All horrific [lit. corpulent].** Every man awe inspiring. ###### Rashi on Judges 3:31:1 [Rashi on Judges 3:31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/3:31:1) **מַלְמַד.** הוּא דָּרְבָן, מַרְדֵּעַ, אגויילו״ן בְּלַעַ״ז: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **With a goad.** A saddle spur, "aiguillon" in old French.