## Rashi on Judges Chapter 4 ###### Rashi on Judges 4:2:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:2:1) **בַּחֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּוֹיִם.** שֵׁם עִיר, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיְתָה חֲזָקָה וְשׁוֹלֶטֶת: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Charoshes Hogoyim.** The name of a city, so entitled because it was a stronghold, and the seat of authority.¹ footnotes: ¹ This is based on Targum Yonasan, who translates חֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּוֹיׅם as “the stronghold, metropolis of nations”. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:3:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:3:1) **לָחַץ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּחָזְקָה.** דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא (צו ב): בְּגִדּוּפִין, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר (מלאכי ג:יג): חָזְקוּ עָלַי דִּבְרֵיכֶם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Oppressed the Bnei Yisroel intensely.** R' Tanchuma expounded, through ridicule. Similarly, it is said, "Your remarks offend me intensely."² footnotes: ² Malachi, 3:13. Vs. 14, 15 there define the offensive remarks as ridicule of the worship of Adonoy. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:4:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:4:1) **אֵשֶׁת לַפִּידוֹת.** שֶׁהָיְתָה עוֹשָׂה פְּתִילוֹת לַמִּקְדָּשׁ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The wife of Lapidos.** She fashioned wicks for the sanctuary.³ footnotes: ³ Megilah, 14:a. לַפּׅיד is translated as “torch”. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:5:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:5:1) **תַּחַת תֹּמֶר.** תְּמָרִים הָיוּ לָהּ בִּירִיחוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Under [Devorah's] date tree.** She owned date trees in Yericho. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:5:2 [Rashi on Judges 4:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:5:2) **בֵּין הָרָמָה וּבֵין בֵּית אֵל בְּהַר אֶפְרָיִם.** לְפִי תַּרְגּוּמוֹ שֶׁל יוֹנָתָן יֵשׁ לִלְמֹד שֶׁאֵין מִקְרָא זֶה כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ, וְאֵין אֵלּוּ סִימָנֵי מְקוֹם יְשִׁיבָתָהּ, אֶלָּא לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁאִשָּׁה עֲשִׁירָה הָיְתָה וּמִן הַמְּקוֹמוֹת הָאֵלּוּ הָיְתָה פַּרְנָסָתָהּ, וְהִיא יוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּעִירָהּ, עֲטָרוֹת שְׁמָהּ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Between Ramah and Beis El, on Mount Ephrayim.** From Yonasan's translation⁴ we infer that this passage is not meant literally—that these are not intended to identify her dwelling place. Rather, we learn that she was an affluent woman, with financial interests in these places. She lived in a city named Ataros. footnotes: ⁴ Targum Yonasan renders, “She lived in the city of Ataros. Devorah was financially independent. She owned date trees in Yericho, orchards in Ramah, oil producing olive trees in the wetlands of the Beis Eil plateau, white soil in Tur Malka.” ###### Rashi on Judges 4:5:3 [Rashi on Judges 4:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:5:3) **תַּחַת תֹּמֶר.** תְּמָרִים הָיוּ לָהּ בִּירִיחוֹ, וּכְרָמִים בָּרָמָה, וְזֵיתִים בְּבִקְעַת בֵּית אֵל, שֶׁהוּא מְקוֹם שָׁמֵן, וְעָפָר חִוָּר בְּהַר אֶפְרַיִם, (תרגום:) ׳בְּטוּר מַלְכָּא׳, אוֹמֵר אֲנִי שֶׁמּוֹכְרִין אוֹתָהּ לְיוֹצְרֵי חֶרֶשׂ. וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִין: ׳עָפָר חִוָּר׳, שְׂדֵה זֶרַע, כְּמוֹ (משנה שביעית ב:א): שְׂדֵה הַלָּבָן: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Under [Devorah's] date tree.** She owned date trees in Yericho, vineyards in Rama, olive trees in the Bethel plateau, a fertile area, and white soil in Mount Ephrayim, at Tur Malka. In my opinion, this was sold for ceramic use. Some interpret "white soil" as grain fields, as in "the grain [lit. "white"] field."⁵ footnotes: ⁵ The Talmud [Moed Katan, 6:b, etc.] refers to the grain field as שֽׂדֵה לׇכׇן, literally “white field.” Rashi [Pe’ah, 3:1] explains that this is because grain whitens when ripe for harvesting. Or, to distinguish between the grain field, which is subject to the sun’s white glare, and the orchard, which is darkened by the shade of the trees. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:6:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:6:1) **הֲלֹא צִוָּה.** בְּיַד מֹשֶׁה (דברים כ:יז): כִּי הַחֲרֵם תַּחֲרִימֵם, כָּךְ שְׁנוּיָה בִּמְכִילְתָא (בא יב): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Has not….commanded?** Through Moshe, "For you shall totally annihilate them."⁶ Mechilta teaches this.⁷ footnotes: ⁶ Devarim, 20:17 ⁷ Yalkut, 4:43. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:10:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:10:1) **וַיַּעַל בְּרַגְלָיו.** עִמּוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **At his heels.** With him. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:11:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:11:1) **אֵלוֹן בְּצַעֲנַנִּים.** (תרגום:) מֵישַׁר אַגְנַיָּא, מְקוֹם מֵישַׁר שֶׁל בְּצָעִים, מריש״ק בְּלַעַ״ז וְהוּא אַגְנַיָּא גֵּבִים, כְּמִין גּוּמוֹת שֶׁהַמַּיִם נִקְבָּצִים שָׁם, ׳אַגְנֵי דְּאַרְעָא מִקְרוֹן׳ (קידושין סא א): **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Elon Betza'anayim.** The marshland plain.⁸ A plateau area with marshes, "mariscum", "morass" in old French. This is called אַגָנַיָא—pools, similar to ditches where water settles, "entitled 'the earth's flasks.'"⁹ footnotes: ⁸ This is Targum Yonasan’s rendition. ⁹ Kiddushin, 61:a, notes that water filed ditches are entitled אַגׇּנֵי דּֽאַרְעָא, “the earth’s flasks.” Thus, אַגָנַיׇא, “flasks,” refer to the marshland pools. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:13:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:13:1) **מֵחֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּוֹיִם אֶל נַחַל קִישׁוֹן.** הִזְעִיקָם שֶׁיֵּלְכוּ אֶל נַחַל קִישׁוֹן מֵחֲרֹשֶׁת הַגּוֹיִם שֶׁהוּא יוֹשֵׁב שָׁם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **From Charoshes Hagoyim to Kishon stream.** He mobilized them to proceed to the stream of Kishon from Charoshes Hagoyim where he was stationed. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:18:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:18:1) **בַּשְּׂמִיכָה.** תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: בְּגוֹנְכָא, וּפֵרַשׁ רַב הַאי (שבת נא א): גּוֹנְכָא - גְּלוּפְקְרִין, קוט״א בְּלַעַ״ז: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **With a cloak.** Yonasan renders גוֹנְכׇא. R' Hai translates גוֹנְכׇא as cloak, "Coate" in old French. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:19:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:19:1) **נֹאד הֶחָלָב.** שֶׁהֶחָלָב מַכְבִּיד אֶת הַגּוּף לִהְיוֹת נִרְדָּם: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **The milk pouch.** Since milk induces drowsiness, then slumber.¹⁰ footnotes: ¹⁰ He requested water. Why did she give him milk? To make him drowsy. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:20:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:20:1) **עֲמֹד פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל.** זָרְזִי עַצְמֵךְ כְּזָכָר. וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִים: ׳עֲמֹד׳, כְּמוֹ לַעֲמֹד: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Stand at the entrance to the tent.** Be zealous about it. Some interpret עֲמֹד [lit. "stand"] as לַעֲמוֹד, "to stand".¹¹ footnotes: ¹¹ This interpretation adds the ל, which does not actually appear in the text, so that the reading is “He told her to stand at the entrance.” According to the literal textual interpretation, the reading is, “He told her, stand at the entrance.” This is problematic, as the masculine עֲמוֹד, rather than עִמֽדִי, is inappropriate in addressing a woman. The additional ל solves this difficulty by transforming the command, עֲמוֹד, “stand”, into the infinitive לַעֲמוֹד, “to stand.” ###### Rashi on Judges 4:21:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:21:1) **יְתַד הָאֹהֶל.** קבילי״ל בְּלַעַ״ז, שֶׁתּוֹקְעִין בָּאָרֶץ עִם שִׁפּוּלֵי הָאֹהֶל לְפוֹשְׁטוֹ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **A tent peg.** "Chevilles" in old French. This is embedded in the ground with the lower flap of the tent in order to extend it fully. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:21:2 [Rashi on Judges 4:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:21:2) **הַמַּקֶּבֶת.** (תרגום:) אַרְזַפְתָּא, מרטי״ל בְּלַעַ״ז: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **A hammer.** Hammer, "martel" in old French. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:21:3 [Rashi on Judges 4:21:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:21:3) **בַּלָּאט.** (תרגום:) בְּרָז, חֶרֶשׁ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **Furtively.** Stealthily, in secret. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:21:4 [Rashi on Judges 4:21:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:21:4) **וַתִּצְנַח בָּאָרֶץ.** (תרגום:) וּנְעָצַת בְּאַרְעָא: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **And impaled it into the ground.**וּנְעַצַתְּ בְּאַרְעָא,¹² and impaled it into the ground. footnotes: ¹² This is Targum Yonasan’s rendition. ###### Rashi on Judges 4:22:1 [Rashi on Judges 4:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Judges/r/4:22:1) **בְּרַקָּתוֹ.** (תרגום:) בְּצִידְעֵיהּ, ניל״ה טימפי״ה בְּלַעַ״ז, וּתְחָבָהּ בְּרַקָּתוֹ וּבָאָרֶץ: **The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J:** **In his forehead.**בְּצִידֽעֵיה, "tenplia" in old French. She had penetrated his forehead and the ground.