## Rashi on Kiddushin Daf 31b

###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:1:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:1:1)

ומביאו לעוה"ב - שמכבדו בדברו דברים טובים ונחומים והמלאכה מטיל עליו בלשון רכה מראה לו צורך השעה שאינן יכולין להתפרנס אלא ביגיעה זו ובגמרת ירושלמי גרס מעשה בשניהם מעשה באחד שהיה מאכיל לאביו פסיוני פעם אחת אמר לו אביו מאין לך כל אלה אמר לו סבא מה איכפת לך טחון ואכול כלומר לעוס ואכול הראהו שקשה לו ושוב מעשה באחד שהיה טוחן בריחיים והיה לו אב זקן ושלח המלך בשביל אביו לבא לעבודת המלך אמר לו בנו אבא טחון ואני אלך תחתיך לעבודת המלך שאין לה קצבה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And brings him to the World-to-Come:** As he honors him by speaking good and consoling words to him, and he imposes the work upon him with a soft expression. He shows him the imminent need, that they are only able to be sustained by this strain. And the text in the Yerushalmi Gemara (Jerusalem Talmud Kiddushin 1:7:10) has a story about both of them: The story of the one who feeds his father pheasant is [that] one day, his father said to him, "From where do you get all these?" He said to him, "Old man, what do you care, grind and eat" - meaning, chew and eat! He showed him that it was difficult for him. And also a story about the one who grinds with a millstone [is that] he had an old father and the king sent a requisition for his father for the king's work. His son said to him, "Father, grind; and I will go in your place to the king's work which has no limit."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:2:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:2:1)

חמשה בני סמכי הוה ליה לאבימי בחיי אביו - ואפילו הכי כי הוה קרי ר' אבהו אבבא היה אבימי רץ ופותח לו ואינו מניח לאחד מבניו לילך:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Avimi had five ordained sons during his father’s lifetime:** But even so, when Rabbi Abbahu called at the gate, Avimi would run and open [it] for him and he would not let one of his sons go [do it].


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:2:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:2:2)

אין אין - אפתח אפתח:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Yes, yes:** I will open [it], I will open [it].


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:3:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:3:1)

איסתייעא מילתא - בעודו גחין לפניו שהבין במדרש מזמור אחד שבספר תהלים שלא היה מבין בו קודם לכן לדורשו וי"מ שמקרא זה לבדו דרש מזמור לאסף אלהים באו גוים בנחלתך וגו' קינה לאסף מיבעי ליה ודרש כך שאמר אסף שירה על שכילה הקב"ה חמתו בעצים ואבנים שבביתו ומתוך כך הותיר פליטה בישראל שאלמלא כך לא נשתייר משונאי ישראל שריד וכן הוא אומר כלה ה' את חמתו ויצת אש בציון (איכה ד׳:י״א):

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**It aided him:** While he was still bent before him; such that he understood one of the psalms in the book of Psalms that he had not understood [how] to expound beforehand. And some explain that he only expounded this one verse (Psalm 79:1): "A Song of Asaph, God, the nations invaded your inheritance" - It should have stated, "A Lament of Asaph." And he expounded thus - that Asaph said a song that the Holy One, blessed be He, consumed His anger on wood and stone that was in His house; and because of this, exonerated the survivors in Israel. For were it not for this, Israel (lit. the enemies of Israel) would not have left any survivors. And this is what it says, (Lamentations 4:11) "The Lord has spent His fury, He has poured out His fierce anger, and He has kindled a fire in Zion."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:4:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:4:1)

כגון אנא - שאני אהוב לאבי ויקיר לאמי ועושין לי זאת מה אעשה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**[Regarding one] such as I:** Since I am beloved to my father and precious to my mother - so they do this from me - what should I do?


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:4:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:4:2)

כיון דבר תורה הוא חלשה דעתיה - אם תקבל ממנו עבודה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Since he is a Torah scholar he will be disheartened:** If you accept service from him.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:6:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:6:1)

אשרי מי שלא חמאן - שאי אפשר לקיים כבודם ככל הצורך והוא נענש עליהם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Fortunate is one who never saw them:** As it is impossible to fulfill [the stipulations of] their honor as fully required. So he is punished over them.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:6:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:6:2)

מרבניתיה - אומנת:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**His foster mother:** Nanny.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:8:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:8:1)

נתרצית לצאת - סבור היה שדעתו לחזור למקומו לבבל:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**You are determined to leave:**He reasoned that he intended to go back to his place, to Babylonia.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:8:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:8:2)

יחזירך לשלום - עד מקומך:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Return you in peace:** To your place.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:9:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:9:1)

אמר ליה - ר' אסי לר"א דלמא ח"ו מרתח רתח עלי רבי יוחנן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**He said to him:** Rav Asi [said] to Rabbi Elazar, "Perhaps, God forbid, Rabbi Yochanan is angry with me."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:10:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:10:1)

הנשמע בדבר אביו למקום - אם מכיר באנשי המקום שמכבדים אביו לחלוק לו כבוד לקבל דברים שיאמר בשמו אל יתלה הכבוד בעצמו ואפי' יודע שיכבדוהו כאביו אלא יתלה הכבוד באביו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**One who goes to a place on the command of his father:** If he knows about the people of the place, that they give honor to his father - to accept words that he would say in his name - he should not attach the honor to himself. And he should attach the honor to his father, even if he knows that they would honor him the same as his father.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:10:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:10:2)

שלחוני בשביל אבא - שהוא צריך לי אבל אם אינו נשמע למקום בדבר אביו כדבר עצמו אל יתלה באביו שאינו לו אלא גנאי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Send me on Father’s behalf:** As he needs me. But if the word of his father is not listened to like his own word in a place, he should not attach [it] to his father. For then it is [only] a disgrace.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:11:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:11:1)

הריני כפרת משכבו - עלי יבא כל רע הראוי לבא על נפשו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**May I be an atonement for his resting:** All the bad which is supposed to come upon his soul should come upon me.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:11:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:11:2)

מכאן ואילך - כבר קבל מה שקבל שאין משפט רשעי ישראל בגיהנם אלא י"ב חדש:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**From then onward:** He already received what he [needed to] receive. For the judgment of the wicked among Israel in Geihinnom is only twelve months.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:12:1)

חכם משנה שם אביו כו' - חכם הדורש דרשה ברבים ולוחש לתורגמן והוא משמיע משנה שם אביו ושם רבו אם בא לומר דבר הלכה שאמר אביו או רבו לוחש לתורגמן כך אמר אבא מורי כך אמר רבי ומורי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A Sage changes the name of his father, etc.:** A Sage, who expounds a teaching in public and whispers [it] to the disseminator who orates [it], changes the name of his father and the name of his teacher. If he is coming to say a matter of law that his father or his teacher said, he whispers to the disseminator, "This is what my father, my teacher said; this is what my master, my teacher said."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:12:2)

אבל התורגמן - המשמיע לרבים אינו משנה אלא מכנהו בשמו ואומר כך אמר פלוני:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**But the disseminator:** The one who orates it to the public does not change [the name], but rather calls him by his name and says, "This is what x said."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:3
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:12:3)

אבוה דמאן - אין המתורגמן משנה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Whose father:** Does the disseminator not change.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:4
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:12:4)

אי נימא אבוה דתורגמן - אם לוחש לו חכם דבר הלכה בשם אביו של תורגמן להשמיע לרבים בשם אומרו לא ישנה לומר כך אמר אבא מורי אלא קורהו בשמו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**If we say the father of the disseminator:** If the Sage whispers a matter of law in the name of the father of the disseminator to orate [it] to the public in the name of the one that said it, he would not change [it]; to say, "This is what my father, my teacher said." Rather he would call him by his name.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:5
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:12:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:12:5)

אטו תורגמן לאו בר חיובא - לכבד את אביו הוא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Is that to say the disseminator is not obligated:** [Is] he [not obligated] to honor his father.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:13:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:13:1)

כי הוה דרש בפירקא - ולוחש דבר הלכה לתורגמן בשם רב אשי אביו איהו אמר לתורגמן כך אמר אבא מורי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**When he would teach at his regular lecture:** And whisper a matter of law to the disseminator in the name of Rav Ashi, his father - he would say to the disseminator, "This is what my father, my teacher said."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:13:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:13:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:13:2)

ואמוריה - כשהוא משמיע לרבים בשם אומרו אומר כך אמר רב אשי ואינו אומר כך אמר אביו ואדוניו של חכם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And his disseminator:** When he orates [it] to the public in the name of the one that said it, he says, "This is what Rav Ashi said." And he does not say, "This is what the father and the master of the Sage said.'


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:14:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:14:1)

לא עומד במקומו - במקום המיוחד לאביו לעמוד שם בסוד זקנים עם חביריו בעצה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**One may not stand in his place:** In the place designated for his father to stand there, in the council of elders with his colleagues, for counsel.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:14:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 31b:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/31b:14:2)

ולא מכריעו - אם היה אביו וחכם אחר חלוקין בדבר הלכה לא יאמר נראים דברי פלוני:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And he may not choose sides (lit., determine it):** If his father and another Sage were disagreeing about a matter of law, he may not say, "The words of x appear [correct]."