## Rashi on Kiddushin Daf 3a

###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:1:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:1:1)

התם הא קמ"ל - דטעם דאזלינן ביה אחר לקיטה משום אורחא דמילתא הוא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
There, [the mishna] teaches us this - that the reason that we reckon [the etrog's year for the purpose of its tithes] according to the time of its being picked is because of its typical properties, [as follows:]


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:1:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:1:2)

מפני שדרכו ליגדל על כל המים - שמשקין אותו במים שאובין כירק דהיינו טעמא דירק כדאמר בר"ה (דף יד.) גורן ויקב כתיב גבי מעשר כדגן מן הגורן כו' מה גורן ויקב מיוחדין שגדלין על רוב מים דהיינו גשמים ומתעשרין אחרי השנה שעברה כדאמרינן בר"ה (דף יב:) דאזלינן בתר שנה שהביאו שליש בה ולא אחר לקיטתו וילפינן לה מקראי אף כל שגדלין על רוב מים דהיינו אילנות מתעשרין לשעבר ואע"ג דמעשר דידהו דרבנן הוא אסמכינהו אקראי יצאו ירקות שגדלין על כל מים מתעשר לשנה הבאה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
As it is its way to grow by [being watered by] all water - because it is watered by drawn water like a vegetable, which is the reason for [the rule for] vegetables [too], as is stated in Rosh Hashanah: [the terms] "threshing floor" and "winepress" are used regarding tithes, [as in] "as with the new grain from the threshing floor", etc. [Numbers 18:27]. "Just as [the grain that is brought to] the threshing floor and [the wine that is brought to] the winepress are special in that they grow on most water" -- that is, rainwater -- "and they are tithed in accordance with the outgoing year" [Rosh Hashanah 14a:7]. As we have stated in Rosh Hashanah, we reckon [the produce's year for the purpose of its tithes] according to the year in which it reach one-third of its growth [Rosh Hashanah 12b:12], and not according to when it was picked. We derive this from scripture: "so too, anything that grows on most water" -- namely, trees -- "is tithed in accordance with the outgoing year." (Even though their tithes are Rabbinic in origin, we ascribe this rule to scriptural verses.) "This comes to exclude vegetables, which grow on all water. Consequently, they are tithed in accordance with the incoming year." [Rosh Hashanah 14a:7]


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:1)

כוי - ספק חיה ספק בהמה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Koy - it is uncertain whether it is [classified as a] non-domesticated or a domesticated animal.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:2)

יש בו דרכים כו' - דכיון דמספקא לן ניזיל ביה לחומרא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
There are ways, etc. - since we are in doubt, we treat it stringently.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:3
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:3)

שוה לחיה - וטעון כיסוי דם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Correspond to a non-domesticated animal - and require covering of the blood.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:4
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:4)

ולבהמה - חלבו אסור:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
And to a domesticated animal - [in that] their fats [chelev] are forbidden.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:5
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:5)

ושוה לבהמה וחיה - טעון שחיטה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Correspond to both a non-domesticated animal and a domesticated animal - [in that] they require ritual slaughtering.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:6
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:6)

שאין שוה לא לחיה ולא לבהמה - אסור הרבעה עם בהמה וחיה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Correspond to neither a non-domesticated animal nor a domesticated animal - [in that] it is forbidden to mate them with either a domesticated or a non-domesticated animal.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:7
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:2:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:2:7)

זו אחת מן הדרכים - שהמביא גט או שחרור ממדינת הים צריך שיאמר בפני נכתב ובפני נחתם בפ"ק דגיטין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
This is one of the ways - that one who brings a bill of divorce or manumission from overseas is required to state "it was written before and it was signed before me", [as taught] in the first chapter of Gittin.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:3:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:3:1)

דאיכא פלוגתא - חילוק בדרכיו בדרך זו הוא דומה לכאן ובדרך זו אינו דומה כגון מתני' בג' דרכים למעוטי חופה דלא קניא ודזב הכי הוא דהוי אונס לזיבה ולא אונס אחר ודגטין באלו שוה ולא באומר תנו גט זה לאשתי ושטר שחרור זה לעבדי דחוזר בגט ואינו חוזר בשחרור דזכין לו לאדם שלא בפניו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
That there is a distinction - a distinction in its "ways", namely, that in this way it is like that thing, and in this way it is not alike. Such as, in our Mishnah, "in three ways" -- to exclude [betrothal through the] marriage canopy, which does not serve to acquire. Regarding the zav: it is thus [i.e., one of the seven ways] which is considered circumstances beyond one's control regarding the laws of zav, but not any other type of circumstance beyond one's control [which one would not be penalized for regarding other laws]. Regarding bills of divorce: in these ways they are like [bills of manumission], but not where one says "give this bill of divorce to my wife" or "this bill of manumission to my slave", since one may retract a bill of divorce but not a manumission, since one may act in a person’s interests in his absence.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:3:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:3:2)

דיקא נמי - דהיכא דלא הוי ליה פלוגתא תנא לכל דבר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Is also precise - that where there are no distinctions, [as in the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer], the Mishnah uses expression "with regard to every matter."


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:4:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:4:1)

מניינא דרישא - ג' דרכים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
1. What is the number in the beginning coming to exclude?- three ways.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:4:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:4:2)

מניינא דסיפא - וקונה את עצמה בשתי דרכים:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
2.What is the number in the end coming to exclude?- And she acquires herself back in two ways.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:5:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:5:1)

למעוטי חופה - שאם מסרה לה אביה לחופה לשם קדושין אינה מקודשת בכך:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
To exclude the marriage canopy - If her father delivered her to the marriage canopy for the purpose of *kiddushin*, she is not thereby betrothed.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:5:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:5:2)

ולרב הונא כו' - לקמן בשמעתין (קידושין דף ה.):


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:6:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:6:1)

חליפין - קנין סודר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Exchange - acquisition by [transfer of a] scarf.


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:6:2
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:6:2)

מה שדה מקניא בחליפין - דכתיב (רות ד׳:ח׳) וישלוף נעלו והתם שדה הואי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Just as a field can be acquired through exchange - as is written "he drew off his sandal" [Ruth 4:8]. In that case it was a field [that was being acquired].


###### Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:7:1
[Rashi on Kiddushin 3a:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Kiddushin/r/3a:7:1)

חליפין איתנהו בפחות משוה פרוטה - דקי"ל בפרק הזהב (ב"מ דף מז.) קונין בכלי אע"פ שאינו שוה פרוטה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
Exchange is effective using less than the value of one peruta - as we have established in the chapter "The Gold": "One can acquire property [through a symbolic exchange] by using a vessel, even if it does not have the value of one peruta." [Bava Metzia 47a:16]