## Rashi on Nehemiah Chapter 1

###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:1:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:1:1)

**דִּבְרֵי נְחֶמְיָה וְגוֹ׳.** מִכָּאן וָאֵילָךְ כָּתַב נְחֶמְיָה סֵפֶר זֶה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The words of Nehemiah, etc.** Nehemiah wrote this book from here on.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:1:2
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:1:2)

**שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים.** הִיא **שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים** לְדָרְיָוֶשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ שֶׁהוּא אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא. וּבְמַסֶּכֶת רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה מָצָאנוּ: **שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים** ״שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים״ לִגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה, מִן הַכָּתוּב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר לְמַטָּה ״וַיְהִי בְחֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתָּא וְגוֹ׳״ (נחמיה ב:א). וּמֵחֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי הָיוּ מוֹנִין לְחֶשְׁבּוֹן הַשָּׁנִים, וְעַל כֵּן נֶאֱמַר כָּאן: **וַיְהִי בְחֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וְגוֹ׳**, וְהוּא **כִּסְלֵו** הַבָּא לְאַחַר תִּשְׁרֵי, וּלְמַטָּה נֶאֱמַר ״וַיְהִי בְחֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וְגוֹמֵר״, הוּא נִיסָן שֶׁבְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁנָה. וְאֵינִי יָכוֹל לִפְתֹּר וְלוֹמַר מִנִּיסָן הָיוּ מוֹנִין לְחֶשְׁבּוֹן שְׁנוֹתֵיהֶם, וְאוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה הַכָּתוּב לְמַטָּה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וַיְהִי בְחֹדֶשׁ נִיסָן וְגוֹ׳״ הָיָה קֹדֶם מַעֲשֶׂה זֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר **וַיְהִי בְחֹדֶשׁ כִּסְלֵו שְׁנַת עֶשְׂרִים וְגוֹ׳**, וְאֵין מֻקְדָּם וּמְאֻחָר בָּהֶם, דָּבָר זֶה אֵינִי יָכוֹל לִפְתֹּר וְלוֹמַר, וְהַפָּרָשִׁיּוֹת מוֹכִיחוֹת, שֶׁאַף אוֹתוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁל פָּרָשָׁה שְׁנִיָּה לֹא הָיְתָה כִּי אִם בִּשְׁבִיל מַעֲשֶׂה זֶה שֶׁל פָּרָשָׁה זֹאת רִאשׁוֹנָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the twentieth year** This refers to the twentieth year of King Darius, who is identical with Artaxerxes. In Tractate Rosh Hashanah (3a, b), we find that the phrase “the twentieth year” is mentioned twice using similar wording [to teach us that it is speaking of the identical year]. It states below (2:1), “And it came to pass in the month of Nissan of the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, etc.” The years were calculated from the month of Tishrei. It says here, “And it was in the month of Kislev of the twentieth year, etc.” This refers to the Kislev coming after Tishrei. Further down it says (2:1), “And it was in the month of Nissan of the twentieth year, etc.” This refers to the Nissan of the same year. And I cannot explain that they calculated their years from the month of Nissan and that the incident mentioned below: “And it was in the month of Nissan, etc.” occurred before this incident: “And it was in the month of Kislev, etc.” It is true that events [in the Torah] are not necessarily recorded in chronological order. Nevertheless, the chapters indicate that the second chapter took place only because of the events of the first chapter.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:2:1)

**אֶחָד מֵאַחַי**. אֶחָד מֵחֲבֵרַי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**one of my brethren** one of my companions.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:2
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:2:2)

**וָאֶשְׁאָלֵם עַל הַיְּהוּדִים וְגוֹ׳.** שָׁאַלְתִּי לָהֶם עַל עִנְיַן פְּלֵיטַת הַיְּהוּדִים אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁאֲרוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם מִן הַשֶּׁבִי שֶׁל בָּבֶל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and I asked them about the Jews** I asked them about the Jews who had escaped the Babylonian captivity and remained in Jerusalem.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:3
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:2:3)

**הַפְּלֵיטָה.** עַל שֵׁם שֶׁנִּצּוֹלוּ מִגָּלוּת בָּבֶל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who had escaped** because they were saved from the Babylonian exile.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:4
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:2:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:2:4)

**וְעַל יְרוּשָׁלִָם.** וְעַל עִנְיַן הָעִיר שָׁאַלְתִּי אֲלֵיהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and about Jerusalem** And I asked them about the city.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:3:1)

**וַיֹּאמְרוּ לִי.** הֵשִׁיבוּ לִי עַל רִאשׁוֹן רִאשׁוֹן וְעַל אַחֲרוֹן אַחֲרוֹן, תְּחִלָּה עַל עִנְיַן הַיְּהוּדִים וְאַחַר כָּךְ עַל עִנְיַן הַחוֹמוֹת וְהַשְּׁעָרִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And they said to me** They answered my first question first and my latter question last; first, concerning the Jews and afterwards, concerning the wall and the gates.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:2
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:3:2)

**הַנִּשְׁאָרִים וְגוֹ׳.** אוֹתָם הַיְּהוּדִים אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁאֲרוּ שָׁם בִּמְדִינַת יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, הֵם נְתוּנִים **בְּרָעָה גְדוֹלָה וּבְחֶרְפָּה**, לְפִי שֶׁהָעוֹבְדֵי כוֹכָבִים בּוֹזְזִים וְשׁוֹלְלִים אוֹתָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**who remained** Those Jews who remained in the province of Jerusalem are in great trouble and reproach because the gentiles plunder and pillage them.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:3
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:3:3)

**וְחוֹמַת יְרוּשָׁלִַם מְפֹרָצֶת.** וְחוֹמַת הָעִיר הֲרֵי הִיא פְּרוּצָה, וְהַשְּׁעָרִים שְׂרוּפִים **בָּאֵשׁ** כְּקַדְמָתָן; שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל לֹא בָּנוּ חוֹמוֹת הָעִיר וּשְׁעָרֶיהָ כִּי אִם בִּנְיַן בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ לְבַדּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the wall of Jerusalem is breached** And the wall of the city is breached, and the gates are burned with fire as they were before, for Israel had not built the wall of the city or its gates, only the Temple.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:4
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:3:4)

**נִצְּתוּ.** כְּמוֹ נוּצְתוּ (ספרים אחרים: נִצְּתוּ כמו נִתְּצוּ):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**were burned** Heb. נִצְתוּ, like נֻצְתוּ.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:4:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:4:1)

**יָמִים**. כַּמָּה יָמִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for days** Heb. יָמִים, many days.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:5:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:5:1)

**אָנָּא**. לְשׁוֹן בַּקָּשָׁה וּתְחִנָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I beseech You** Heb. אָנָא, an expression of request and supplication.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:6:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:6:1)

**קַשֶּׁבֶת.** כְּמוֹ קוֹשֶׁבֶת כּוּ׳, כַּאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר מֵ״אָהַב״ (בראשית כז:ט) ״אוֹהֵב״ (שמואל א יח:טז), כֵּן יֹאמַר מִן קָשַׁב קוֹשֵׁב וְקוֹשֶׁבֶת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**attentive** Heb. קַשֶּׁבֶת, like קוֹשֶּׁבֶת, listening, for just as one says from אוֹהֵב, אָהַב, so does one say from קָשַּׁב, קוֹשֵּׁב and קוֹשֶּׁבֶת.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:7:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:7:1)

**חֲבוֹל**. שֵׁם דָּבָר, לְשׁוֹן הַשְׁחָתָה. וְחֵי״ת נִנְקְדָה בַּחֲטַף פַּתָּח. וְאֵינִי יָכוֹל לְפוֹתְרוֹ בִּלְשׁוֹן פָּעוּל, שֶׁאִם כֵּן הָיָה לוֹ לִנְקֹד חֵי״ת בְּקָמַץ גָּדוֹל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**We have dealt corruptly** Heb. חֲבֹל, a noun, an expression of corruption, since the “heth” is vowelized with a “hataf pattah,” and I cannot interpret it as a verb form, because in that case, it would have to be vowelized with a large “kamatz.”


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:7:2
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:7:2)

**חֲבַלְנוּ.** לְשׁוֹן הַשְׁחָתָה, כְּמוֹ (דניאל ו:כג) ״חֲבוּלָא לָא עֲבַדְתְּ״, וְכֵן חִבְּרוֹ מְנַחֵם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**we have dealt corruptly** Heb. חָבַלְנוּ, an expression of corruption, as in Daniel (6:23): “I have done no harm.”


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:9:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:9:1)

**אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲכֶם**. כְּעִנְיָן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲךָ וְגוֹ׳״ (דְּבָרִים ל:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**if your exile is** like the matter that is stated (Deut. 30:4): “If your exile is at the end of the heavens, etc.”


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:1
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:11:1)

**אָנָּא אֲדֹנָי תְּהִי נָא אָזְנְךָ קַשֶּׁבֶת.** בִּתְחִלַּת תְּפִלָּתוֹ אָמַר לָשׁוֹן זֶה שֶׁל תְּחִנָּה, וְכֵן לְאַחַר תְּפִלָּתוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I beseech You, O Lord, may Your ear now be attentive** At the beginning of his prayer he used this expression, and so after his prayer.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:2
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:11:2)

**לְעַבְדְּךָ הַיּוֹם וְגוֹ׳.** כָּךְ הָיָה מִתְפַּלֵּל עַל עַצְמוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Your servant** This is what he prayed for himself.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:3
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:11:3)

**לִפְנֵי הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה.** לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**before this man** before the king.


###### Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:4
[Rashi on Nehemiah 1:11:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Nehemiah/r/1:11:4)

**מַשְׁקֶה.** כְּמוֹ (בראשית מ:א) ״מַשְׁקֵה לְמֶלֶךְ מִצְרָיִם״, וְזֶה שֶׁפֵּרַשְׁתִּי לְמַעְלָה (עזרא ב:סג). כְּדִבְרֵי רַבּוֹתֵינוּ: הַתִּרְשָׁתָא הוּא נְחֶמְיָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**butler** Heb. מַשְּׁקֶה, like (Gen. 40:1): “...the butler of (מַשְּׁקֶה) the king of Egypt.” This is what I explained above (Ezra 2:63) according to the words of our Sages, that Hattirshatha is Nehemiah.