## Rashi on Proverbs Chapter 23

###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:1:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:1:1)

**כִּי תֵשֵׁב לִלְחוֹם.** לֶאֱכוֹל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**If you sit down to dine** Heb. ללחום, to eat.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:1:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:1:2)

**בִּין תָּבִין.** תֵּן לִבְּךָ לָדַעַת מִי הוּא, אִם עֵינוֹ צָרָה אוֹ יָפָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**you should understand well** Give thought to know who he is, whether he is stingy or generous.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:2:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:2:1)

**וְשַׂמְתָּ שַׂכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ.** בִּלְחָיֶיךָ; אִם רָאִיתָ עֵינוֹ צָרָה, אַל תֹּאכַל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and you shall put a knife into your jaw** Heb. בלועך, into your jaw. If you see that he is stingy, do not eat of his [food].


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:2:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:2:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:2:2)

**אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה.** אִם רַעַבְתָּן אַתָּה וְתָאֵב לֶאֱכוֹל, טוֹב לִתְחוֹב סַכִּין בֵּין שִׁנֶּיךָ. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ דָּרְשׁוּ (חולין ו.) בְּתַלְמִיד הַיּוֹשֵׁב לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ; אִם יוֹדֵעַ בְּרַבּוֹ שֶׁיַּחֲזִיר לוֹ תְּשׁוּבָה עַל כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁיִּשְׁאָלֵהוּ, יְדַקְדֵּק וְיִשְׁאַל שְׁמוּעָתוֹ, וְאִם לָאו – יִשְׁתּוֹק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**if you are a man with a hearty appetite** If you are a glutton and long to eat, it is better that you thrust a knife between your teeth. Our Sages expounded this as referring to a disciple sitting before his teacher. If he knows that his teacher will give him an answer for everything he asks, let him investigate the subtle points and ask concerning his tradition, but if not, let him keep his peace.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:3:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:3:1)

**אַל תִּתְאָו לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָיו.** אֶלָּא פְּרוֹשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ וְלֵךְ לִפְנֵי רַב הָגוּן, וְלֹא תְּבַיְּשֵׁהוּ בִּשְׁאֵלוֹת, אַחַר שֶׁלֹּא יֵדַע לְהָשִׁיב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Do not desire his delicacies** but leave him and go [to study] before a competent teacher, and do not embarrass him with questions, since he does not know what to answer.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:4:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:4:1)

**אַל תִּיגַע לְהַעֲשִׁיר.** לַעֲשׂוֹת גִּירְסָתְךָ חֲבִילוֹת חֲבִילוֹת, כִּי סוֹף שֶׁתִּשְׁכָּחֶנָּה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Do not weary yourself to grow rich** To make your learning into bundles because you will ultimately forget it.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:5:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:5:1)

**הֲתָעִיף עֵינֶיךָ בּוֹ.** כְּרֶגַע, שֶׁתִּכְפּוֹל עֵינֶיךָ לְעָצְמוֹ, וְאֵין אוֹתָהּ גִּירְסָא מְצוּיָה בְּךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Should you blink your eyes at it** The moment you blink your eyes to close them, that study will no longer be found with you.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:5:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:5:2)

**הֲתָעִיף.** כְּמוֹ ״וְכָפַלְתָּ״ (שמות כו:ט): ״וְתָעֵיף״ (תרגום אונקלוס):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
התעיף, like “and you shall fold” (Ex. 26:9), which Onkelos renders: ותעיף.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:7:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:7:1)

**כִּי כְּמוֹ שָׁעַר בְּנַפְשׁוֹ.** שָׁעַר זֶה נָקוּד חֶצְיוֹ פַּתָּח וְחֶצְיוֹ קָמַץ וְטַעֲמוֹ לְמַטָּה, לְכָךְ הוּא פֹּעַל וְלֹא שֵׁם דָּבָר; שֶׁאִם הָיָה שֵׁם דָּבָר הָיָה קָמַץ וְטַעֲמוֹ לְמַעְלָה כְּכָל שַׁעַר שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא. וּפִתְרוֹנוֹ: כְּאִלּוּ שָׁפַךְ הָאוֹכֵל הַזֶּה מְרָה בְּנַפְשׁוֹ שֶׁל רַע הָעַיִן כֵּן הוּא **שָׁעַר** מִן לְשׁוֹן ״הַתְּאֵנִים הַשֹּׁעָרִים״ (ירמיהו כט:יז) הַמָּרִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for it is as though it poured gall** שער. This שער is vowelized half with a “patach” and half with a “kamatz,” and the accent is at the end of the word; therefore, it is a verb and not a noun; for were it a noun, it would be [vowelized completely with] a “pattah” and the accent would be at the beginning of the word, like every שער in Scriptures. Its meaning is that it as though this food poured gall into the soul of this stingy man, so it is. **gall** Heb. שער, from the expression of (Jer. 29:17): “the loathsome (השערים) figs,” the bitter ones.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:8:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:8:1)

**פִּתְּךָ.** שֶׁאֲכַלְתּוֹ בְּבֵיתוֹ, סוֹף שֶׁתְּקִיאֶנָּה מִפְּנֵי הַבּוּשָׁה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**your morsel** that you ate in his house, you will ultimately vomit because of embarrassment.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:8:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:8:2)

**וְשִׁחַתָּ דְּבָרֶיךָ הַנְּעִימִים.** חַנּוֹת שֶׁהֶחֱזַקְתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ לוֹ דְּבָרִים רַכִּים, הַכֹּל אִבַּדְתָּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and you will lose your sweet words** The gratitude that you extended and spoke to him tender words—you lost everything.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:10:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:10:1)

**וּבִשְׂדֵי יְתוֹמִים.** בְּלֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה הָרָאוּי לָהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and...the fields of the orphans** The gleanings, the forgotten sheaves, and the corner that is due them.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:16:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:16:1)

**בְּדַבֵּר שְׂפָתֶיךָ מֵישָׁרִים.** עַל יְדֵי שֶׁחָכַם לִבֶּךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**when your lips speak right things** since your heart has grown wise.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:17:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:17:1)

**אַל יְקַנֵּא לִבְּךָ בַּחַטָּאִים.** בְּהַצְלָחָתָם, לִהְיוֹת רָשָׁע כְּמוֹתָם (ברכות ז:):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Let your heart not envy the sinners** their success, to be wicked like them.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:18:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:18:1)

**כִּי אִם יֵשׁ אַחֲרִית.** אִם זֶה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ בִּלְשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר, כְּלוֹמַר: אֲשֶׁר בַּעֲבוּר זֶה יֵשׁ אַחֲרִית תִּקְוָה אֵלֶיךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for because of this, there is a future** Heb. כי אם. This [word] אם is used as an expression of “that”; i.e., for because of this there is a future and hope for you.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:19:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:19:1)

**שְׁמַע אַתָּה בְנִי וַחֲכָם וְאַשֵּׁר בַּדֶּרֶךְ לִבֶּךָ.** מֵאַחַר שֶׁתִּתְחַכֵּם תּוּכַל לָלֶכֶת בְּדַרְכֵי לִבְּךָ, כִּי לֵב חָכָם לֹא יַשִּׁיאֲךָ לַעֲבֵרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Hear you, my son, and grow wise, and walk in the way of your heart** Since you will grow wise, you will be able to walk in the ways of your heart, for the heart of a wise man will not entice you to sin.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:21:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:21:1)

**כִּי סוֹבֵא וְזוֹלֵל יִוָּרֵשׁ.** ״יִתְמַסְכֵּן״ (תרגום יונתן):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for the guzzler and the glutton will become impoverished** Heb. יורש, will become impoverished.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:21:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:21:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:21:2)

**וּקְרָעִים תַּלְבִּישׁ נוּמָה.** הָעַצְלוּת וְהַתְּנוּמָה תַּלְבִּישׁ אוֹתְךָ בְּגָדִים קְרוּעִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and slumber will clothe [you] with tatters** Laziness and slumber will clothe you with tattered clothing.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:23:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:23:1)

**אֱמֶת קְנֵה.** וְאִם לֹא תִמְצָא לִלְמֹד בְּחִנָּם לְמֹד בְּשָׂכָר, וְאַל תֹּאמַר: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁלָּמַדְתִּי בְּשָׂכָר, כָּךְ אֲלַמְּדֶנָּה בְּשָׂכָר (בכורות כט.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Buy truth** If you do not find to learn for nothing, learn for pay [pay to learn], but do not say, “Just as I learned for pay, so will I teach it for pay.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:27:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:27:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:27:1)

**וּבְאֵר צָרָה.** אֶשְׁטְרֵיינָ״א בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a narrow well** (etroitte in French, in German, eng, schmal.)


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:28:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:28:1)

**אַף הִיא כְּחֶתֶף.** פִּתְאוֹם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**suddenly** Heb. כחתף, suddenly.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:28:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:28:2)

**וּבוֹגְדִים בְּאָדָם תּוֹסִיף.** מְרַבָּה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל בּוֹגְדִים לַה׳, וְעַל הָאֲפִיקוֹרְסִין מְדַבֵּר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and she will increase the faithless among men** She increases in Israel those who are faithless to God. He is referring to apostasy.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:29:1)

**לְמִי אוֹי לְמִי אֲבוֹי.** לְשׁוֹן צְעָקָה וִילָלָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who cries, “Woe!” Who, “Alas!”** An expression of crying and yelling.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:29:2)

**לְמִי מִדְיָנִים לְמִי שִׂיחַ.** לְמִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מִדְיָנִים עִם הַבְּרִיּוֹת וְשִׂיחָה יְתֵרָה, לוֹ אוֹי וַאֲבוֹי, כִּי בְּרֹב דְּבָרִים רֹב פֶּשַׁע (משלי י:יט):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**He who has quarrels. He who talks too much** To him who has quarrels with the people and talks too much, woe and alas, for transgression does not stop with much speech.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:29:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:29:3)

**לְמִי חַכְלִילוּת עֵינָיִם.** מֵרוֹב יַיִן מַאֲדִימִים עֵינָיו, וּגְנַאי הוּא (תנחומא, שמיני ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who has bloodshot eyes?** From drinking much wine, the eyes become red, and that is embarrassing.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:30:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:30:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:30:1)

**מִמְסָךְ.** מִמֶּזֶג, וְהוּא שֵׁם דָּבָר כְּמוֹ ״מִמְכָּר״ (ויקרא כה:יד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for mixed wine** [as translated,] for mixed wine; this word is a noun, like ממכר, merchandise.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:30:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:30:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:30:2)

**לַחְקֹר מִמְסָךְ.** שֶׁחוֹקְרִין וּבוֹדְקִין הֵיכָן מוֹכְרִין יַיִן טוֹב:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to search for mixed wine** Who search and hunt where good wine is sold.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:31:1)

**אַל תֵּרֶא יַיִן כִּי יִתְאַדָּם.** אַל תִּתֵּן בּוֹ עֵינֶיךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Do not look at wine when it is red** Do not put your eye on it.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:31:2)

**כִּי יִתֵּן בַּכּוֹס עֵינוֹ יִתְהַלֵּךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִים.** הַמַּרְבֶּה שִׁכְרוּת, כָּל עֲבֵרוֹת דּוֹמוֹת לוֹ לְמִישׁוֹר, כָּל הַדְּרָכִים יְשָׁרִים בְּעֵינָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**when he puts his eye on the cup, it goes smoothly** Whoever is habitually drunk—all transgressions appear to him to be straight; all ways appear straight.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:31:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:31:3)

**בַּכּוֹס.** בַּכִּיס כְּתִיב, כְּלוֹמַר: הַשּׁוֹתֶה נוֹתֵן עַיִן בַּכּוֹס וְהַחֶנְוָנִי – בְּכִיסוֹ שֶׁל זֶה (יומא עד:-עה.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**on the cup** Heb. בכוס. The masoretic text reads: בכיס, on the pocket; i.e., the drinker puts his eye on the cup, and the storekeeper puts his eye on this one’s pocket.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:32:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:32:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:32:1)

**יַפְרִישׁ.** לְשׁוֹן עֲקִיצָה, פויינ״ט בְּלַעַ״ז, ״בְּמַלְמַד הַבָּקָר״ (שופטים ג:לא) תַּרְגּוּם: ״בְּפָרַשׁ תּוֹרֵי״ (תרגום יונתן), וּבַגְּמָרָא (בבא מציעא פ.): דְּנָקִיט פַּרְשָׁא, אגוילו״ן בְּלַעַ״ז. וְיֵשׁ פּוֹתְרִין: מַפְרִישׁוֹ מִן הַחַיִּים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and sting** Heb. יפרש, an expression of stinging (pointe in French, in German stechend). (Jud. 3: 31): “With an ox-goad” is translated into Aramaic as בפרש תורי, and in the Gemara (Baba Mezia 80a): “The one who holds the colter (פרשא),” aiguillon in Old French, in German stachel, Gewohneisen, and so in Jud. 3:31, II Sam. 8:1, and Jer. 31:18. Others interpret the word to mean that it separates him from life.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:33:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:33:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:33:1)

**עֵינֶיךָ יִרְאוּ זָרוֹת.** כְּשֶׁתִּשְׁתַּכֵּר, הַיַּיִן בּוֹעֵר בְּךָ וּמַשִּׂיאֲךָ לְהַבִּיט בְּזוֹנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Your eyes will see strange women** When you will become drunk, they will burn in you and entice you to ogle harlots.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:34:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:34:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:34:1)

**וְהָיִיתָ.** מְשֻׁגָּע (דברים כח:לד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**And you shall be** mad like one lying in the midst of the sea.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:34:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:34:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:34:2)

**כְּשׁוֹכֵב בְּלֶב יָם וּכְשׁוֹכֵב בְּרֹאשׁ חִבֵּל.** תֹּרֶן הַסְּפִינָה נוֹחַ לִפּוֹל מִמֶּנּוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and like one lying at the top of a mast** The mast of a ship sways to fall from it.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 23:35:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 23:35:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/23:35:1)

**הִכּוּנִי בַל חָלִיתִי וְגוֹ׳.** כְּשֶׁיִּקַץ מִיֵּינוֹ אֵינוֹ מַרְגִּישׁ בְּכָל הָרָעוֹת שֶׁעָבְרוּ עָלָיו, וְחוֹזֵר לִשְׁתּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**“They struck me but I did not become ill, etc.”** When he sobers himself up from his wine, he does not feel any of the evils that passed over him, and he drinks again.