## Rashi on Proverbs Chapter 30

###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:1:1)

**אָגוּר בֶּן יָקֶה.** דִּבְרֵי שְׁלֹמֹה שֶׁאָגַר אֶת הַבִּינָה וְהֵקִיאָהּ, כָּךְ פֵּרְשׁוּהוּ חֲכָמִים (תנחומא, וארא ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The words of Agur, the son of Jakeh** אגור בן יקה, the words of Solomon, who gathered (אגר) understanding (בינה) and vomited it (והקיאה). The Sages interpreted it in this manner.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:1:2)

**הַמַּשָּׂא.** נְבוּאָה זוֹ אָמַר עַל כֵּן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the prophecy** He said this prophecy on that matter.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:1:3)

**נְאֻם הַגֶּבֶר לְאִיתִיאֵל.** אָמַר הַגֶּבֶר, זֶה שְׁלֹמֹה, הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה עַל עַצְמוֹ, בִּשְׁבִיל אִיתִיאֵל – עַל שֶׁסָּמַךְ עַל חָכְמָתוֹ לְהַרְבּוֹת זָהָב וְסוּסִים וְנָשִׁים שֶׁהוּזְהַר מִלְּהַרְבּוֹת. וְכֵן אָמַר: **אִיתִיאֵל וְאֻכָל**, אַרְבֶּה נָשִׁים וְלֹא יָסוּרוּ אֶת לְבָבִי, אַרְבֶּה זָהָב וְלֹא אָסוּר, אַרְבֶּה סוּסִים וְלֹא אָשׁוּב אֶת הָעָם מִצְרַיְמָה (דברים יז:טז-יז):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the words of the man concerning, “God is with me;** said the man that is Solomon this prophecy concerning himself because of איתיאל because he relied on his wisdom to increase gold, horses and wives, which he was forbidden to increase, and so he said, “God is with me, and I will be able. I will increase wives, and they will not turn my heart away; I will increase gold, and I will not turn away; I will increase horses, and I will not take the people back to Egypt.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:4
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:1:4)

**לְאִיתִיאֵל וְאֻכָל.** בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁאָמַר: אִתִּי אֵל, וְאוּכַל לַעֲשׂוֹת וְלֹא אֶכָּשֵׁל. **לְאִיתִיאֵל**, עַל אִיתִיאֵל, כְּמוֹ ״וְאָמַר פַּרְעֹה לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ (שמות יד:ג) – עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**yea, God is with me, and I will be able”** Since he said, “God is with me, and I will be able to do it, and I will not stumble.” לאיתיאל, because of “God is with me,” as in (Ex. 14:3): “For Pharaoh will say of the children of Israel (לבני),” meaning of the children of Israel.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:2:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:2:1)

**כִּי בַעַר אָנֹכִי.** עַל שֶׁסָּמַכְתִּי עַל חָכְמָתִי בְּדָבָר שֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא דָּאַג, שֶׁמָּא יָבוֹא לִידֵי עֲבֵירָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For I am more boorish** Because I relied on my wisdom in a matter that the Holy One, blessed be He, is concerned lest one come to sin.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:3:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:3:1)

**וְלֹא לָמַדְתִּי חָכְמָה.** וְלֹא דַעַת קְדוֹשִׁים יָדַעְתִּי, שֶׁגָּרַעְתִּי אוֹ הוֹסַפְתִּי עַל דִּבְרֵי מֹשֶׁה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Neither have I learned wisdom** nor do I know the knowledge of the holy ones, for I subtracted or added to the words of Moses.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:1)

**מִי עָלָה שָׁמַיִם.** כְּמֹשֶׁה (שמות יט:ג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who ascended to heaven** like Moses?


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:2)

**מִי אָסַף רוּחַ.** פִּיחַ הַכִּבְשָׁן (שמות ט:י):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who gathered wind** The soot of the furnace.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:3)

**מִי צָרַר מַיִם.** ״קָפְאוּ תְהוֹמוֹת, נִצְּבוּ כְמוֹ נֵד״ (שמות טו:ח) בִּתְפִלָּתוֹ שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who wrapped the waters** (Ex. 15:8): “The depths were congealed”; (ad loc.): “The floods stood upright like a heap,” through Moses’s prayer.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:4
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:4)

**מִי הֵקִים.** אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶׁבַּהֲקָמָתוֹ נִתְבַּסְּסוּ כָּל אַפְסֵי אָרֶץ. כָּךְ נִדְרַשׁ בַּפְּסִיקְתָּא (פסיקתא רבתי א,ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Who established** the Tabernacle, through whose establishment all the ends of the earth were firmly established. In this way, it is expounded in the Pesikta.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:5
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:5)

**מַה שְּׁמוֹ וּמַה שֶּׁם בְּנוֹ.** אִם תֹּאמַר: כְּבָר הָיָה דֻּגְמָתוֹ, אֱמוֹר: **מַה שֵּׁם בְּנוֹ**? אֵיזוֹ מִשְׁפָּחָה יָצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ, וְנֵדַע מִי הוּא?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**What is his name and what is the name of his son** If you say that there already was one like him, tell me what his son’s name is; i.e., what family is descended from him, and we will know who he is.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:6
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:4:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:4:6)

**כִּי תֵדָע.** אִם תֵּדַע מִי הוּא, וְאֵיךְ לֹא יָרֵאתָ לַעֲבֹר עַל דְּבָרָיו?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**if you know** if you know who he is. Now how did you not fear to transgress His words?


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:5:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:5:1)

**כָּל אִמְרַת אֱלוֹהַּ צְרוּפָה.** מְזֻקָּקָה, וְלֹא כָתַב דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ, וְהָיָה לִי לִיזָּהֵר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Every word of God is refined** Heb. צרופה, refined, and He did not write anything unnecessary. [Therefore,] I should have been careful.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:6:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:6:1)

**פֶּן יוֹכִיחַ בְּךָ וְנִכְזָבְתָּ.** יוֹכִיחַ עַל פָּנֶיךָ, שֶׁעַל יְדֵי תוֹסַפְתְּךָ אַתָּה בָּא לִידֵי עֲבֵירָה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן אִם תִּגְרַע:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**lest He prove to you, and you be found a liar** He will prove to your face that through your addition you have come to sin, and certainly if you subtract.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:7:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:7:1)

**שְׁתַּיִם שָׁאַלְתִּי מֵאִתָּךְ.** עַכְשָׁיו מְדַבֵּר לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I ask two [things] of You** Now he addresses the Holy One, blessed be He.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:8:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:8:1)

**רֹאשׁ.** דַּלּוּת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**poverty** Heb. ראש, poverty.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:8:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:8:2)

**הַטְרִיפֵנִי.** לְשׁוֹן מָזוֹן, וְכֵן ״טֶרֶף נָתַן לִירֵאָיו״ (תהלים קיא:ה):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**provide me** Heb. הטריפני, an expression of food, and similarly (Ps. 111: 5): “He has given food (טרף) to those who fear Him.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:9:1)

**פֶּן אֶשְׂבַּע.** מִתּוֹךְ עֹשֶׁר, וְכִחַשְׁתִּי בַּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵרוֹב גַּאֲוָה. וּמַהוּ הַכְּחָשָׁה?

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**lest I become sated** from wealth.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:9:2)

**וְאָמַרְתִּי מִי ה׳.** כְּלוֹמַר: אֵין אֱלֹהִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and deny** the existence of the Holy One, blessed be He, out of my extreme haughtiness. Now what is the denial? And I say, “Who is the Lord?” Meaning, there is no God.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:9:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:9:3)

**וְתָפַשְׂתִּי שֵׁם אֱלֹהָי.** לְהַרְגִּיל לְהִשָּׁבַע בּוֹ לַשֶּׁקֶר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and take hold of the name of my God** to become accustomed to swearing by it falsely.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:10:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:10:1)

**אַל תַּלְשֵׁן עֶבֶד.** אַל תִּמְסֹר דִּין עַל אָדָם לִצְעֹק עָלָיו לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, וַאֲפִלּוּ הוּא רָשָׁע אֲשֶׁר אָבִיו יְקַלֵּל, וְכָל הַתּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֲמוּרוֹת כָּאן בּוֹ. וּרְאָיָה לַדָּבָר מֵהוֹשֵׁעַ בֶּן בְּאֵרִי, כִּדְאִיתָא בִּפְסָחִים בְּפֶרֶק ׳הָאִשָּׁה׳ (פסחים פז.), שֶׁהִלְשִׁין אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאָמַר: הַחֲלִיפֵם בְּאֻמָּה אַחֶרֶת! אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: ״קַח לְךָ אֵשֶׁת זְנוּנִים״ (הושע א:ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Do not inform** Do not deliver your case against a person to complain about him to the Holy One, blessed be He, even if he is wicked, who curses his father and possesses all the abominations mentioned here, and the proof of the matter is from Hosea son of Beeri, as is stated in Pesachim (87b) in the chapter entitled “The Woman,” that he informed on lsrael and said, “Exchange them for another nation.” Replied the Holy One, blessed be He, “Go, take yourself a wife of harlotry” (Hos. 1:2).


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:13:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:13:1)

**דּוֹר מָה רָמוּ עֵינָיו.** זֶה גַּסּוּת הָרוּחַ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**A generation—how lofty etc.** This refers to haughtiness.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:14:1)

**דּוֹר חֲרָבוֹת שִׁנָּיו.** הַחִיצוֹנוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**A generation whose teeth are [like] swords** [These are] the outer [teeth].


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:14:2)

**מְתַלְּעֹתָיו.** שִׁנָּיו הַפְּנִימִיּוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and its molars** Its inner teeth.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:14:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:14:3)

**וּמַאֲכָלוֹת.** סַכִּינִים:


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:15:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:15:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:15:1)

**לַעֲלוּקָה.** מְנַחֵם פָּתַר לַעֲלוּקָה כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ, לָמַדְנוּ שֶׁהוּא עֲרָבִי. וְהַפּוֹתְרִים אוֹמְרִים שֶׁהוּא לְשׁוֹן שְׁאוֹל וּמוֹרָד. וְכֵן בְּמִדְרַשׁ תְּהִלִּים לָמַדְנוּ כֵּן, שֶׁפּוֹתֵר שְׁתֵּי בָנוֹת – גַּן עֵדֶן וְגֵיהִנֹּם; זוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת: תְּנוּ לִי צַדִּיקִים, וְזוֹ אוֹמֶרֶת: תְּנוּ לִי רְשָׁעִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The leech has** Menachem (Machbereth p. 134) interprets עלוקה according to its apparent meaning. We learn that it is Arabic, but the commentators say that it is an expression of the grave and the descent. Indeed, we learn this in Midrash Psalms (31:9), which interprets the “two daughters” as Paradise and Gehinnom. This one says, “Give me righteous people!” and this one says, “Give me wicked people!”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:15:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:15:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:15:2)

**אַרְבַּע לֹא אָמְרוּ הוֹן.** הַרְבֵּה יֵשׁ לָנוּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**four that do not say, “Enough!”** Heb. הון, lit. wealth. We have much [wealth].


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:16:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:16:1)

**וְעֹצֶר רָחַם.** תַּשְׁמִישׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the confined womb** Sexual intercourse.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:17:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:17:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:17:1)

**לִיקֲּהַת אֵם.** לִקְמָטִים הַנִּקְבָּצִים וְנִקְהִין בִּפְנֵי אִמּוֹ, לְשׁוֹן ״יִקְּהַת עַמִּים״ (בראשית מט:י) – קְבוּצַת עַמִּים. וְהַיּוֹ״ד יְסוֹד, כְּמוֹ ״יִפְעַת״ (יחזקאל כח:ז), ״וְיַעֲלַת חֵן״ (משלי ה:יט):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the mother’s wrinkles** Heb. ליקהת, the wrinkles that gather (נקהין) in his mother’s face, from the expression of (Gen. 49:10): “a gathering (יקהת) of peoples.” The “yud” is a radical, like יפעת, splendor; (יעלת חן) (Prov. 5:19), a graceful mountain goat.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:17:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:17:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:17:2)

**יִקְּרוּהָ.** לְשׁוֹן ״תְּנַקֵּר״ (במדבר טז:יד), ״נִקְרַת הַצּוּר״ (שמות לג:כב), פוריי״ר בְּלַעַ״ז. יָבֹא הָעוֹרֵב שֶׁהוּא אַכְזָרִי עַל בָּנָיו, **וְיִקְּרוּהָ**, וְלֹא יֹאכְלֶנָּה וְלֹא יֵהָנֶה בָּהּ, וְיָבֹא נֶשֶׁר שֶׁהוּא רַחֲמָנִי עַל בָּנָיו **וְיֹאכְלוּהָ** וְיֵהָנֶה בָּהּ. הָעוֹרֵב אַכְזָרִי הוּא, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לִבְנֵי עֹרֵב אֲשֶׁר יִקְרָאוּ״ (תהלים קמז:ט), וְהַנֶּשֶׁר רַחֲמָנִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״יִשָּׂאֵהוּ עַל אֶבְרָתוֹ״ (דברים לב:יא; ראה תנחומא עקב ב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**pick it out** Heb. יקרוה, an expression of (Num. 16: 14): “will you pick (תנקר)” (Ex. 33:22) “In the cleft (בנקרת) of the rock.” Forer in French, to bore through. Let the raven, which is cruel to its young, come and pick it and not eat it and not derive benefit from it, and let the eagle, which is compassionate with its young, come and eat it and derive benefit from it. The raven is cruel, as it is stated (Ps. 147:9): “to the young ravens which cry,” and the eagle is compassionate, as it is stated (Deut. 32: 11): “It bears its young on its wing.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:18:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:18:1)

**נִפְלְאוּ מִמֶּנִּי.** נִכְסוּ מִשֶּׁחָלְפוּ מֵעֵינַי, וְאֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ לְהֵיכָן הָלְכוּ, שֶׁמְּמַהֲרִין לְהִסָּתֵר מִן הָעַיִן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**are concealed from me** They are covered after they passed from my eyes, and I do not know where they went, because they hasten to hide from the eye.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:20:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:20:1)

**וּמָחֲתָה.** כּוֹפָה פִּיהָ לְמַטָּה, כְּדִכְתִיב ״כַּאֲשֶׁר יִמְחֶה הַצַּלַּחַת מָחָה וְהָפַךְ עַל פָּנֶיהָ״ (מלכים ב כא:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and [she] wipes** Heb. ומחתה she turns over her lower orifice, as it is written (II Kings 21:13): “as one wipes (ימחה) a dish, he wipes (מחה) and turns it upside down.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:20:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:20:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:20:2)

**אָכְלָה.** לָשׁוֹן נְקִיָּה דִּבֵּר הַכָּתוּב (יומא עה.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**she eats** Scripture speaks euphemistically.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:28:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:28:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:28:1)

**שְׂמָמִית.** אַרִינְיָ״א בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The spider** Erinee in Old French. [Araignee in modern French.]


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:28:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:28:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:28:2)

**בְּיָדַיִם תְּתַפֵּשׂ.** בְּיָדָהּ הִיא אוֹחֶזֶת וּמִתְדַּבֶּקֶת בַּכְּתָלִים (בראשית רבה סו,ז):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**grasps with [her] hands** With her hands she grasps and clings to the walls.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:29:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:29:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:29:1)

**מְטִיבֵי צָעַד.** הוֹלְכִים וּמַצְלִיחִים בִּגְבוּרָתָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**outstanding in their step** They walk and succeed with their might.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:1)

**זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם אוֹ תָיִשׁ.** לֹא יָדַעְתִּי מַהוּ, וּלְפִי הַמַּשְׁמָע הִיא חַיָּה תְּשׁוּשָׁה מָתְנַיִם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The greyhound** Heb. זרזיר מתנים. I do not know what it is, but from the context appears to be an animal with weak loins.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:2)

**וּמֶלֶךְ אַלְקוּם.** לֹא יָדַעְתִּי מַה הוּא לְפִי פְּשׁוּטוֹ. וּמִדְרַשׁ אַגָּדָה פּוֹתְרִין חָמֵשׁ פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁל אַרְבַּע דְּבָרִים כְּנֶגֶד אַרְבַּע מַלְכֻיּוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁנִּתְאַמְּצָה מֶמְשַׁלְתָּן עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעָוֹן שֶׁעָבְרוּ עַל חֲמִשָּׁה חוּמְשֵׁי תּוֹרָה, הִזְכִּירָם חֲמִשָּׁה פְּעָמִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the king against whom no one dares to rise up** Heb. ומלך אלקום I do not know what it is according to its simple meaning, but the Aggadic midrashim interpret these five sections of four as corresponding to the four kingdoms. Since their rule over Israel was strengthened because of the iniquity of having transgressed the five Books of the Pentateuch, Scripture mentions them five times.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:3
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:3)

(טז) **שְׁאוֹל וְעֹצֶר רָחַם.** שְׁאוֹל מַלְכוּת בָּבֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר ״הִרְחִיב כַּשְּׁאוֹל נַפְשׁוֹ״ (חבקוק ב:ה). **וְעֹצֶר רָחַם** זוֹ הִיא מָדַי שֶׁבִּימֵיהֶם עָצְרוּ רַחֲמִים מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״לְהַשְׁמִיד לַהֲרֹג וּלְאַבֵּד״ (אסתר ג:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[16] The grave and the barren womb** The grave represents the kingdom of Babylon, for it is stated regarding Nebuchadnezzar (Hab. 2:5): “who widened his desire like the nether- world.” And the barren womb, that is Media, in whose time mercy (רחמים) was held back from Israel, as it is said (Esther 3:13): to destroy, kill and cause to perish.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:4
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:4)

**אֶרֶץ לֹא שָׂבְעָה מַּיִם.** זוֹ יָוָן, שֶׁלֹּא שָׂבְעָה מִלִּגְזֹר גְּזֵרוֹת רָעוֹת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the earth, which is not sated with water** This represents Greece, which was not sated with issuing decrees on Israel.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:5
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:5)

**וְאֵשׁ לֹא אָמְרָה הוֹן.** נֶגֶד עֵשָׂו, שֶׁעָשָׂה בְּחֵמָה בּוֹעֶרֶת עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁאָמְרוּ לְהַשְׁמִיד טַף וְנָשִׁים בְּיוֹם אֶחָד (אסתר ג:יג). וְכֵן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and fire, which does not say, “Enough!”** Corresponding to Esau, who acted with burning wrath against Israel, for he said to destroy children and women in one day. And likewise...


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:6
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:6)

(יט) **דֶּרֶךְ הַנֶּשֶׁר.** זוֹ בָּבֶל, ״הַנֶּשֶׁר הַגָּדוֹל... אֶרֶךְ הָאֵבֶר״ (יחזקאל יז:ג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[19] The way of the eagle** This is Babylon, the great eagle, with the long wings (Ezek. 17:3).


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:7
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:7)

**נָחָשׁ.** זוֹ מָדַי (דניאל ח:כ):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**serpent** This is Media.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:8
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:8)

**דֶּרֶךְ אֳנִיָּה בְלֶב יָם.** זוֹ יָוָן, שֶׁהִיא קַלָּה בִּגְזֵרוֹתֶיהָ (משלי ל:יט):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the way of a ship in the heart of the sea** This represents Greece, who was swift with its decrees.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:9
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:9)

**דֶּרֶךְ גֶּבֶר בְּעַלְמָה.** זוֹ פָּרַס שֶׁאָמְרָה: ״לְעוֹלָם אֶהְיֶה גְבֶרֶת״ (ישעיהו מז:ז):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the way of a man with a young woman** This represents Edom, who said, “I will be a mistress forever.” [גבר is interpreted as גברת, a mistress, and בעלמה as לעולם, forever.]


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:10
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:10)

(כ) **כֵּן דֶּרֶךְ אִשָּׁה מְנָאָפֶת.** זוֹ הָרָעָה גָּרְמָה לָהֶם לִכְנֶסֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנָּאֲפָה בַּעֲבוֹדַת גִּלּוּלִים, וּכְדַאי הוּא הַפּוּרְעָנִיּוֹת לָבוֹא לָהּ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[20] So is the way of an adulterous woman** The people of Israel brought this evil upon themselves because they played the adulteress with idolatry, and they deserved that the retribution should befall them.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:11
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:11)

**וְאָמְרָה לֹא פָעַלְתִּי אָוֶן.** כְּדַאֲמַר ״הִנְנִי נִשְׁפָּט אוֹתָךְ עַל אָמְרֵךְ לֹא חָטָאתִי״ (ירמיה ב:לה). [עד כאן לשוֹן רש״י שבמק״ג]:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and she says, “I have no committed no sin.”** As it says (Jeremiah 2:35), “Behold, I contend with you concerning because you say, I have not sinned.” (Until this point are the words of Rashi [as they appear] in Mikraoth Gedoloth.)


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:12
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:12)

(כא) **רָגְזָה אֶרֶץ.** אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[21] the earth quakes** This refers to Eretz Israel.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:13
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:13)

(כב) **תַּחַת עֶבֶד.** זֶה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר שֶׁהָיָה עֶבֶד לִמְרוֹדַךְ בַּלְאֲדָן וְכוֹתֵב אִגְּרוֹתָיו, כְּדִגְרָסִינַן בְּחוּלִין (סנהדרין צו.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**under a slave** This refers to Nebuchadnezzar, who was the slave and secretary of Merodach-baladan, as appears in Hullin. [To my knowledge, this does not appear in Hullin, but in Helek, the eleventh chapter of Sanhedrin, 96a.]


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:14
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:14)

**וְנָבָל כִּי יִשְׂבַּע לָחֶם.** זֶה אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ שֶׁעָשָׂה מִשְׁתֶּה מֵאָה וּשְׁמוֹנִים יוֹם (אסתר א:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and a wretch who is sated with food** This refers to Ahasuerus, who made a banquet for one hundred and eighty days


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:15
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:15)

(כג) **שְׂנוּאָה כִּי תִבָּעֵל.** כְּנֶגֶד יָוָן:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[23] a hated woman who is married** Corresponding to Greece.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:16
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:16)

**וְשִׁפְחָה כִּי תִירַשׁ גְּבִרְתָּהּ.** זֶה עֵשָׂו, שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לַעֲבֹד לְיַעֲקֹב וְנֶהְפַּךְ הַדְּבָרִים:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and a maidservant who inherits her mistress** This refers to Esau, who should have served Jacob, but the matter was reversed.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:17
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:17)

(כה) **הַנְּמָלִים עַם לֹא עָז.** זוֹ בָּבֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״הֵן אֶרֶץ כַּשְׂדִּים זֶה הָעָם לֹא הָיָה״ (ישעיהו כג:יג):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[25] The ants are a people not strong** This refers to Babylon, as it is stated (Isa. 23:13): “Behold the land of the Chaldees, this people has never been.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:18
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:18)

**וַיָּכִינוּ בַקַּיִץ לַחְמָם.** נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר עָשָׂה כָבוֹד אַחַר לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בִּימֵי מְרֹדַךְ בַּלְאֲדָן אֲשֶׁר שָׁלַח סְפָרִים לְחִזְקִיָּהוּ וְכָתַב שָׁם: שְׁלָם לְמַלְכָּא חִזְקִיָּהוּ, שְׁלָם לְקַרְתָּא דִירוּשְׁלֵם, שְׁלָם לֶאֱלָהָא רַבָּא. וּנְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר כּוֹתֵב אִגְּרוֹתָיו הָיָה, וְלֹא הָיָה שָׁם אוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם; וּכְשֶׁבָּא וְסִפְּרוּ לוֹ מַה שֶּׁעָשׂוּ, אָמַר לָהֶם: אֱלָהָא רַבָּא קְרִיתוּ לֵיהּ וּכְתַבִיתוּ לֵיהּ בְּסוֹף? רָץ אַחַר הַשָּׁלִיחַ וְהֶחֱזִירוֹ. בִּשְׁבִיל אוֹתוֹ מְרוּצָה זָכָה לַמַּלְכוּת; הֲרֵי שֶׁהֵכִין בַּקַּיִץ לַחְמוֹ כְּדֶרֶךְ הַנְּמָלָה (סנהדרין צו.):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**yet they prepare their food in the summer** [This refers to] Nebuchadnezzar, who performed one [act of] honor to the Holy One, blessed be He, in the days of Merodach-baladan, when he sent letters to Hezekiah, and wrote therein, “Peace to King Hezekiah; peace to city of Jerusalem; peace to the great God.” Nebuchadnezzar was the one who wrote his letters, but he was not there that day, and when he came and they told him what they had done, he responded, “You call Him the great God, yet you address Him last!” He ran after the messenger and brought him back. For that [act of] pursuit, he merited the kingship. This is how he “prepared his bread in the summer,” like the ant.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:19
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:19)

(כו) **שְׁפַנִּים עַם לֹא־עָצוּם.** זֶה מָדַי וּפָרָס:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[26] The hyraxes are a people not strong** This refers to Media and Persia.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:20
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:20)

**וַיָּשִׂימוּ בַסֶּלַע בֵּיתָם:** שֶׁבָּנוּ בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**yet they make their home in the rock** For they built the Temple.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:21
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:21)

(כח) **שַׁמָּמִית בְּיָדַיִם תְּתַפֵּשׂ.** זֶה עֵשָׂו שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וְהַיָּדַיִם יְדֵי עֵשָׂו״ (בראשית כז:כב):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[28] The spider grasps with its hands** This refers to Esau, as it is stated (Gen. 27:22): “The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the hands are the hands of Esau.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:22
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:22)

**בְּהֵיכְלֵי מֶלֶךְ.** שֶׁנִּכְנַס לְהֵיכַל מֶלֶךְ וְהֶחֱרִיבוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**in a king’s palaces** That he [Esau] entered the Temple of the King and destroyed it.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:23
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:23](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:23)

(ל) **לַיִשׁ גִּבּוֹר בַּבְּהֵמָה.** זֶה נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיהו ד:ז) ״עָלָה אַרְיֵה מִסֻּבְּכוֹ״:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[30] The lion is the mightiest of the beasts** This is Nebuchadnezzar, as it is stated (Jer. 4:7): The lion has come up from his thicket.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:24
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:24](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:24)

**זַרְזִיר מָתְנַיִם.** זוֹ מָדַי וּפָרַס, שֶׁזֵּרְזוּ מָתְנֵיהֶם וְהָרְגוּ לְבֵלְשַׁצַּר וְנָטְלוּ מַלְכוּת בָּבֶל (דניאל ה:ל):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the one who girds his loins** This refers to Media and Persia, who girded their loins and assassinated Belshazzar and seized the kingdom of Babylon.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:25
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:25](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:25)

**אוֹ תָיִשׁ.** זֶה יָוָן שֶׁנִּקְרָא תַּיִשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהַצָּפִיר הַשָּׂעִיר״ הוּא ״מֶלֶךְ יָוָן״ (דניאל ח:כא):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**[31] and the he-goat** This refers to Greece, as it is stated (Dan. 8:21): “And the rough he-goat is the king of Greece.”


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:26
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:31:26](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:31:26)

**וּמֶלֶךְ אַלְקוּם עִמּוֹ.** זוֹ אֻמַּת אֲרָם, שֶׁאָמַר ״אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד״ (ישעיה מז:ח), אֵין נִצָּב לְעֻמָּתוֹ, אַלְקוּם – אֵין עוֹמֵד עִמּוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and the king against whom no one dares to rise up** This is Edom, who says, “I am it, and there is none besides me.” No one opposes him. אלקום, no one stands with him.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:32:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:32:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:32:1)

**אִם נָבַלְתָּ בְהִתְנַשֵּׂא.** אִם נִתְנַבַּלְתָּ עַל יְדֵי חֲבֵירְךָ שֶׁחֵירְפְךָ (ס״א: עַל יְדֵי דַּבּוּרְךָ שֶׁחֵרַפְתָּ וְגִדַּפְתָּ) אֶת עַצְמְךָ, סוֹפְךָ לְהִנָּשֵׂא בַּדָּבָר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**If you have been put to shame, you will be in your ascendency** If you were put to shame through your speech, that you derided yourself, you will ultimately ascend in the matter.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:32:2
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:32:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:32:2)

**וְאִם זַמּוֹתָ.** בְּלִבְּךָ לְהִתְקוֹטֵט, שִׂים יָד עַל פֶּה וּשְׁתוֹק:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and if you thought evil** in your heart to quarrel, put your hand onto your mouth and remain silent.


###### Rashi on Proverbs 30:33:1
[Rashi on Proverbs 30:33:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Proverbs/r/30:33:1)

**כִּי מִיץ חָלָב.** כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר תֵּצֵא חֶמְאָה עַל יְדֵי מִיץ חָלָב וְדָם עַל יְדֵי מִיץ הַחוֹטֶם יוֹתֵר מִדַּי, כֵּן יֵצֵא רִיב עַל יְדֵי **מִיץ אַפַּיִם** שֶׁל כַּעַס. **מִיץ** סְחִיטָה פרימדור״א בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ ״וַיִּמֶץ טַל וְגוֹ׳״ (שופטים ו:לח). וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּ (ברכות סג:): אִם נִבַּלְתָּ עַצְמְךָ עַל דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, לִדְרוֹשׁ וְלִשְׁאוֹל סְפֵקוֹתֶיךָ לְרַבְּךָ, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִרְאֵיתָ לוֹ כְּשׁוֹטֶה בְּלֹא לֵב, סוֹפְךָ שֶׁתְּהֵא מְנֻשָּׂא; וְאִם זַמּוֹתָ – אִם שַׂמְתָּ זְמָם עַל פִּיךָ וְחָסַמְתָּ אוֹתוֹ וְלֹא שָׁאַלְתָּ לוֹ הַכֹּל, סוֹפְךָ כְּשֶׁיִּשְׁאָלְךָ דְּבַר הֲלָכָה, תִּתֵּן יָד לַפֶּה וְתֵאָלֵם, שֶׁלֹּא תֵדַע לַעֲנוֹת כְּלוּם בּוֹ. כַּאֲשֶׁר מִיץ חָלָב יוֹצִיא חֶמְאָה, כֵּן מִיץ אַפַּיִם. שֶׁרַבְּךָ כּוֹעֵס בְּךָ שֶׁלֹּא הֲבִינוֹתָ מַהֵר, וְאַתָּה מִתְנַבֵּל עָלֶיהָ – סוֹף יוֹצִיא מִפִּיךָ אַחַר זְמַן הֲלָכוֹת רַבּוֹת וְהוֹרָאוֹת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**For pressing milk** For, just as butter will come out by pressing milk and blood by pressing the nose too much, so will strife come out of pressing the nostrils of anger. **pressing** Heb. מיץ, pressing, preindre in Old French, as in (Jud. 6:38): “and wrung (וימץ) dew, etc.” And our Sages explained (Ber. 63b): If you were put to shame because of the words of Torah, by seeking and asking your doubts of your mentor, even if you appear to him as a fool without intelligence, you will ultimately be exalted; ואם זמות, but if you placed a muzzle on your mouth and muzzled it, and you did not ask him anything, your end will be that when they ask you a matter of halachah, you will put your hand to your mouth and you will be dumb, for you will not know to reply anything about it. Just as pressing milk gives out butter, so will pressing anger that your mentor is wroth with you for not understanding readily and you were put to shame because of it, eventually bring out of your mouth after a time many (רבות) halachoth and instructions.