## Rashi on Psalms Chapter 31

###### Rashi on Psalms 31:3:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:3:1)

**מְצוּדוֹת.** פְּלֵיְישִׁי״ץ בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**a stronghold** Pleysiz in Old French, a fortress.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:4:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:4:1)

**תְּנַחֲנִי.** מוֹנַארַאשְׁמוֹ״י בְּלַעַ״ז, כְּמוֹ ״לֵךְ נְחֵה אֶת הָעָם וְגוֹ׳״ (שמות לב:לד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**You shall lead me** Heb. תנחני, mene moi in French, lead me, as (in Exod. 32:34): “go lead (נחה) the people.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:6:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:6:1)

**בְּיָדְךָ אַפְקִיד רוּחִי.** קוֹמַנְדְרִיָ״ה בְּלַעַ״ז, אַפְקִיד רוּחִי תָּמִיד לְפִי שֶׁאַתָּה **פָּדִיתָה אוֹתִי** מִצָּרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I entrust** Heb. אפקיד, komondere in Old French, I will entrust. I always entrust my spirit because You redeemed me from trouble.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:7:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:7:1)

**הַשּׁוֹמְרִים הַבְלֵי שָׁוְא.** הַמְצַפִּים לִתְשׁוּעַת עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**those who await worthless vanities** Who await the salvation of pagan deities.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:9:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:9:1)

**הִסְגַּרְתַּנִי.** לִיבְרַאשְׁ״מְווִי. וּמְנַחֵם חִבֵּר אוֹתוֹ לְשׁוֹן סְגִירָה, וְכֵן כָּל לְשׁוֹן סָגַר:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**deliver me** Heb. הסגרתני, livras moi in French, but Menachem (p. 125) associated it as an expression of closing, and likewise every expression of סגר.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:10:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:10:1)

**עָשְׁשָׁה.** כָּהֲתָה, לְשׁוֹן עֲשָׁשִׁית. שֶׁאָדָם נוֹתֵן זְכוּכִית לְנֶגֶד עֵינָיו לִרְאוֹת לְעֵבֶר הַזְּכוּכִית דָּבָר, אֵין אוֹתָהּ מַרְאָה בְּרוּרָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**is dimmed** Heb. עששה, an expression of a lantern, עששית. If a person puts glass in front of his eyes to see something on the other side of the glass, the appearance (of that thing) is unclear.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:11:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:11:1)

**וַעֲצָמַי עָשֵׁשׁוּ.** לְשׁוֹן רָקָב, כְּאִלּוּ אֲכָלָם עָשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**and my bones have decayed** Heb. עששו, an expression of decay, as though a moth (עש) had eaten them.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:12:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:12:1)

**מִכָּל צוֹרְרַי.** מֵאֵת כָּל צוֹרְרַי, **הָיִיתִי חֶרְפָּה** לְגִדּוּף:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**From all my tormentors** From all my tormentors [not because of my tormentors]. **I have become a reproach** Heb. חרפה, a reproach.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:12:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:12:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:12:2)

**וְלִשְׁכֵנַי.** אֲנִי חֶרְפָּה **מְאֹד וּפַחַד לִמְיֻדָּעַי.** אֵמִישְׁקְטִיֵישְׁנ״ץ. מִתְפַּחֲדִים עַל קוֹרוֹתַי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**to my neighbors** I am very much a reproach. **and fright to my acquaintances** A mes connaissances in French, to my acquaintances. They are frightened by what happens to me.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:13:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:13:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:13:1)

**כִּכְלִי אוֹבֵד.** הַהוֹלֵךְ לְאִבּוּד; כָּל לְשׁוֹן אֲבֵדָה, אֵין הַלָּשׁוֹן נוֹפֵל עַל בַּעַל אֲבֵדָה, לוֹמַר ׳הוּא אִבֵּד אוֹתָהּ׳, אֶלָּא ׳הָאֲבֵדָה אוֹבֶדֶת מִמֶּנּוּ׳, כְּמָה דְאַתְּ אָמַר: ״אֲשֶׁר תֹּאבַד מִמֶּנּוּ״ (דברים כב:ג); ״הָאֹבֶדֶת לֹא בִקַּשְׁתֶּם״ (יחזקאל לד:ד):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**like a lost utensil** Which is in the process of becoming lost. Any expression of אבדה, loss, does not refer to the owner of the lost article, saying that he lost it, but that the lost article is lost from him, as is stated (in Deut. 22:3): “which will be lost from him”; (in Ezek. 34:4), “the lost one you did not seek.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:14:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:14:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:14:1)

**דִּבַּת רַבִּים.** עֲצַת רַבִּים. **דִּבַּת** לְשׁוֹן ״דּוֹבֵב שִׂפְתֵי יְשֵׁנִים״ (שיר השירים ז:י) וְכֵן כָּל דִּבָּה שֶׁבַּמִּקְרָא פרלר״יץ בְּלַעַ״ז:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**the gossip of many** Heb. דבת, the counsel of many. דבת is an expression of (Song 7:10): “making the lips of the sleeping speak (דבב).” Likewise, every דבת in Scripture, parledic in Old French, gossip (so Gen. 37:2, Num. 14:36, Ezek. 36:3).


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:14:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:14:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:14:2)

**מָגוֹר מִסָּבִיב.** שֶׁמְּיָרְאִין וּמְפַחֲדִין אוֹתִי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**terror from all sides** that they scare and frighten me.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:14:3
[Rashi on Psalms 31:14:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:14:3)

**בְּהִוָּסְדָם.** בְּהִתְיַעֲצָם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**when they take counsel** Heb. בהוסדם, when they take counsel.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:14:4
[Rashi on Psalms 31:14:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:14:4)

**זָמָמוּ.** לְשׁוֹן מַחֲשָׁבָה:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**they plotted** Heb. זממו, an expression of thought.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:16:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:16:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:16:1)

**בְּיָדְךָ עִתּוֹתָי.** עִתִּים הָעוֹבְרִים עָלַי, עַל פִּיךָ הֵם וּבִגְזֵרוֹתֶיךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**My times are in Your hands** The times that pass over me are through Your orders and by Your decrees.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:18:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:18:1)

**אַל אֵבוֹשָׁה וְגוֹ׳.** אַחֲרֵי שֶׁקְּרָאתִיךָ, אֵין נָאֶה שֶׁאֵבוֹשׁ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**let me not be shamed because I called out to You** Since I called You, it is not fitting that I should be shamed.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:18:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:18:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:18:2)

**יִדְּמוּ לִשְׁאוֹל.** יִשְׁתַּתְּקוּ וְיֵאָלְמוּ לָמוּת:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**let them be silenced to the grave** Heb. ידמו, let them be silenced and made dumb to die.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:19:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:19:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:19:1)

**הַדּוֹבְרוֹת עַל צַדִּיק עָתָק.** שֶׁאוֹמְרוֹת לְשָׁאוּל עָלַי: דָּוִד מְבַקֵּשׁ רָעָתְךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**that speak against a righteous man falsely** That say to Saul concerning me, “David seeks to harm you.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:19:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:19:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:19:2)

**עָתָק.** סָרָה, דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ; כְּמוֹ ״וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם״ (בראשית יב:ח). וְדוּנָשׁ פָּתַר אוֹתוֹ לְשׁוֹן דָּבָר גָּדוֹל וְקָשֶׁה, כְּמוֹ ״עָתְקוּ גַם גָּבְרוּ חָיִל״ (איוב כא:ז); ״הוֹן עָתֵק״ (משלי ח:יח); ״וְלִמְכַסֶּה עָתִיק״ (ישעיה כג:יח) (ס״א אינו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**falsely** Heb. עתק, untruth, something unfounded, as (Gen. 12:8): “And he moved (ויעתק) from there” [i.e., something removed from the truth]. Dunash (pp. 17f.) however, interpreted it as an expression of a great and strong thing, as (in Job 21:7): “grow strong (עתקו) and powerfully rich”; (Prov. 8:18), “powerful (עתק) wealth”; (Isa. 23:18), “and for stately (עתקו) clothing.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:20:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:20:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:20:1)

**מָה רַב טוּבְךָ.** יָדַעְתִּי לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא יֵשׁ שָׂכָר טוֹב **לִירֵאֶיךָ**, וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה שֶׁהָרְשָׁעִים מַקִּיפִים אוֹתָם, אֲנִי מִתְפַּלֵּל עֲלֵיהֶם שֶׁתַּסְתִּירֵם בְּסֵתֶר פָּנֶיךָ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**How great is Your goodness** I knew that those who fear You have good reward in the world to come, nevertheless, in this world, because the wicked surround them, I pray for them that You hide them in the secrecy of Your countenance.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:21:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:21:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:21:1)

**מֵרֻכְסֵי אִישׁ.** מֵחֲבוּרֵי רְשָׁעִים הַמִּתְקַשְּׁרִים יַחַד לְהָרַע לָהֶם:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**from bands of men** Heb. מרכסי, from the groups of wicked men who group together to harm them.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:22:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:22:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:22:1)

**בְּעִיר מָצוֹר.** בִּקְעִילָה, כְּשֶׁאָמַר שָׁאוּל עָלַי ״נִסְגַּר לָבוֹא בְּעִיר דְּלָתַיִם וּבְרִיחַ״ (שמואל א כג:ז):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**for He has been wondrously kind to me in a beseiged city** In Keilah, when Saul said concerning me (I Sam. 23:7): “for he has been shut in by coming into a city with doors and bars.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:23:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:23:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:23:1)

**וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי בְחָפְזִי.** כְּשֶׁיָּצָאתִי מִקְּעִילָה וּבָאתִי אֶל מִדְבַּר מָעוֹן, וְהָיִיתִי נֶחְפָּז לָלֶכֶת מִפְּנֵי שָׁאוּל כִּי הִשִּׂיגַנִי, וְשָׁאוּל וַאֲנָשָׁיו עוֹטְרִים אֵלַי וְאֶל אֲנָשַׁי לְתָפְשָׂם (שמואל א כג:כו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**But I said in my haste** When I left Keilah and came to the desert of Maon, I was hastening to leave because Saul and his men were surrounding me and my men, to seize us.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:23:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:23:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:23:2)

**אָמַרְתִּי.** בְּלִבִּי:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I said** in my heart.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:23:3
[Rashi on Psalms 31:23:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:23:3)

**נִגְרַזְתִּי.** נִכְרַתְּתִי, לְשׁוֹן גַּרְזֶן הַכּוֹרֵת אֶת הָעֵץ. עַל שֵׁם גְּזִירָתוֹ נִקְרָא גַּרְזֶן. כָּךְ פֵּרֵשׁ דּוּנַשׁ. וּמְנַחֵם חִבְּרוֹ כְּמוֹ ״נִגְרַשְׁתִּי״ (יונה ב:ה), וְאֵין לוֹ דִּמְיוֹן בַּתּוֹרָה (ס״א אינו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**I have been cut off** Heb. נגרזתי, I have been cut off, an expression of an ax (גרזן) which cuts the tree. Because of its cutting (גרזתו), it is called גרזן, an ax. This is how Dunash explained it (p. 57). (Menachem, however, defined it like נגרשתי, I have driven out, but it has no parallel in the Torah. (p. 59).


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:24:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:24:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:24:1)

**אֱמוּנִים נֹצֵר ה׳.** שׁוֹמֵר ה׳ אֶת הַמַּאֲמִינִים בִּישׁוּעָתוֹ וְסוֹמְכִים עָלָיו:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**The Lord guards those who believe** in His salvation and rely on Him.


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:24:2
[Rashi on Psalms 31:24:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:24:2)

**עַל יֶתֶר.** מִדָּה בְּמִדָּה, מְכֻוֶּנֶת כְּחֵץ עַל יֶתֶר הַקֶּשֶׁת. אוֹ יֵשׁ לִפְתּוֹר **עַל יֶתֶר** – חֶבֶל כְּנֶגֶד חֶבֶל, קַו כְּנֶגֶד קַו. לָשׁוֹן אַחֵר: יֶתֶר הוּא לְשׁוֹן גַּאֲוָה, כְּמוֹ ״יִתְרָה עָשָׂה״ (ישעיהו טו:ז), פֵּרוּשׁ וּמְשַׁלֵּם עַל יֶתֶר – בְּגַאֲוָה לְעוֹשֵׂי גַאֲוָה (ס״א אינו):

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**with a bowstring** Heb. יתר (with measure for measure and with exactitude, like an arrow on a bowstring. Not in all editions.) Or, יתר can be interpreted as a rope for a rope, a line for a line. Another interpretation: יתר is an expression of haughtiness, as (in Isa. 15:7): “Because of the haughtiness (יתרה) with which they acted.”


###### Rashi on Psalms 31:25:1
[Rashi on Psalms 31:25:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Psalms/r/31:25:1)

**חִזְקוּ וְיַאֲמֵץ לְבַבְכֶם.** כְּמוֹ שֶׁרְאִיתֶם שֶׁעָשָׂה לִי לְהוֹשִׁיעֵנִי, שֶׁהוֹחַלְתִּי לוֹ:

**The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg:**
**Strengthen yourselves, and He will give your heart courage** as you see that He did for me, to save me because I hoped for Him.