## Rashi on Ruth Chapter 4

###### Rashi on Ruth 4:1:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:1:1)

**פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי.** וְלֹא נִכְתַּב שְׁמוֹ לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא אָבָה לִגְאֹל:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**So-and-so.** But his name was not written because he did not wish to redeem.¹

footnotes:
¹ The person’s name was Tov (See above 3:13). His name is omitted because he did not discharge his duty as a kinsman. He therefore did not merit to be recorded as Tov [=good].


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:1:2
[Rashi on Ruth 4:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:1:2)

**פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי.** מְתֻרְגָּם בַּנְּבִיאִים "כַּסִּי וְטָמִיר":

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**So-and-so.** פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי is rendered [into Aramaic] in the Prophets as, “concealed and secret.”


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:1:3
[Rashi on Ruth 4:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:1:3)

**פְּלֹנִי.** מְכֻסֶּה וְנֶעְלָם לְשׁוֹן "כִּי יִפָּלֵא", "הֲיִפָּלֵא מֵהַ' דָּבָר":

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**So.** פְּלֹנִי means] covered and concealed, [as in] the expression of, “If there be concealed יִפָּלֵא”² and “Is there anything concealed הֲיִפָּלֵא from Adonoy?”³

footnotes:
² Devarim 17:8.
³ Bereishis 18:14.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:1:4
[Rashi on Ruth 4:1:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:1:4)

**אַלְמֹנִי.** אַלְמוֹן מִבְּלִי שֵׁם. (סְפָרִים אֲחֵרִים, אַלְמֹנִי שֶׁהָיָה אַלְמָן מִדִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לִדְרשׁ, עַמּוֹנִי וְלֹא עַמּוֹנִית, מוֹאָבִי וְלֹא מוֹאָבִית וְהוּא אָמַר, "פֶּן אַשְׁחִית אֶת נַחֲלָתִי":)

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**And so.** אַלְמֹנִי means widowed, without a name. (Another version: [He is called] אַלְמֹנִי because he was widowed of the words of the Torah, for he should have expounded, “[only] an Ammonite [is forbidden in marriage to a Jewish woman], but not an Ammonitess [i.e., an Ammonite woman is not forbidden in marriage to a Jewish man]; a Mo’avite, but not a Mo’aviteess.” Yet he said, “for I would mar my own inheritance.”)


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:4:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:4:1)

**וְאֵדְעָה כִּי אֵין זוּלָתְךָ.** קָרוֹב לִגְאוֹל:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**That I may know [now], for beside you there is no one.** [Who is as] close [as you] to redeem.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:5:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:5:1)

**וּמֵאֵת רוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּה.** אַתָּה צָרִיךְ לִקְנוֹת, וְהִיא אֵינָהּ מִתְרַצָּה אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן תִּשָּׂאֶנָּה:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**And from Rus the Mo’avitess.** You must buy [the inheritance], and she is not willing [to sell] unless you marry her.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:6:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:6:1)

**פֶּן אַשְׁחִית אֶת נַחֲלָתִי.** זַרְעִי. כְּמוֹ "נַחֲלַת ה' בָּנִים". לָתֵת פְּגַם בְּזַרְעִי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, "לֹא יָבֹא עַמּוֹנִי וּמוֹאָבִי". וְטָעָה בְּ"עַמּוֹנִי וְלֹא עַמּוֹנִית":

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**For I would mar my own inheritance.** נַחֲלָתִי =] my offspring, as in, “the inheritance of Adonoy is children;”⁴ to give my offspring a stigma, for it is stated, “Neither an Ammonite nor a Mo’avite may enter [into Adonoy’s community],”⁵ but he erred [by not interpreting it as] “an Ammonite but not an Ammonitess.”⁶

footnotes:
⁴ Tehillim 127:3.
⁵ Devarim 23:4.
⁶ He was not aware that the Torah prohibited only the male Mo’avites from entering the ranks of Bnei Yisroel, but the females were permitted. Alternatively, he knew that females were permitted to enter the ranks of Bnei Yisroel, but he feared that in future generations the ruling may be challenged, as it was in Dovid’s time by Do’eg.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:7:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:7:1)

**עַל הַגְּאוּלָּה.** זוּ מְכִירָה:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**Concerning redemption.** This is a sale.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:7:2
[Rashi on Ruth 4:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:7:2)

**תְּמוּרָה.** זוּ חֲלִיפִין:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**And exchange.** This is an exchange.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:7:3
[Rashi on Ruth 4:7:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:7:3)

**שָׁלַף אִישׁ נַעֲלוֹ.** זֶהוּ קִנְיָן. כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָנוּ קוֹנִין בְּסוּדָר בִּמְקוֹם נַעַל. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה נֶחְלְקוּ בַדָּבָר, מִי נָתַן לְמִי. יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים קוֹנִין בְּכֶלְיוֹ שֶׁל קוֹנֶה וּבֹעַז נָתַן לַגּוֹאֵל, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים קוֹנִין בְּכֶלְיוֹ שֶׁל מַקְנֶה וְגוֹאֵל נָתַן לְבֹעַז:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**A man would take off his shoe.** This is an act of acquisition, just as we acquire title with a scarf in lieu of a shoe. And our Rabbis of blessed memory differed on this matter,⁷ as to who gave [the shoe] to whom. Some say that one acquires title with the utensil of the acquirer, and Bo’az gave [his shoe] to the redeemer, and some say that one acquires title with the utensil of the seller, and the redeemer gave [his shoe] to Bo’az.

footnotes:
⁷ Maseches Bava Metzia 47a.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:7:4
[Rashi on Ruth 4:7:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:7:4)

**וְזֹאת הַתְּעוּדָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל.** מִשְׁפַּט הָעֵדוּת:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**This was the form of validation in Yisroel.** תְּעוּדָה =] the law of testimony.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:10:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:10:1)

**לְהָקִים שֵׁם הַמֵּת עַל נַחֲלָתוֹ.** מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁאִשְׁתּוֹ יוֹצְאָה וּבָאָה בַּנַּחֲלָה, וּמַכְנֶסֶת וּמוֹצִיאָה, אוֹמְרִים "זֹאת הָיְתָה אֵשֶׁת מַחְלוֹן", וּשְׁמוֹ נִזְכָּר עָלֶיהָ:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**To perpetuate the name of the deceased upon his inheritance:** Since his wife goes and comes on the estate and brings in and takes out [items], people say, “This is Machlon’s wife,” and thereby his name is remembered upon it.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:11:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:11:1)

**כְּרָחֵל וּכְלֵאָה.** אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיוּ מִשֵּׁבֶט יְהוּדָה וּמִבְּנֵי לֵאָה, מוֹדִים הֵם עַל רָחֵל שֶׁהָיְתָה עִקָּרָהּ שֶׁל בַּיִת, וְהִקְדִּימוּ רָחֵל לְלֵאָה:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**Like Rachel and like Leah.** Even though they were from the tribe of Yehudah and of the descendants of Leah, they conceded that Rachel was the mainstay of the household and they mentioned Rachel before Leah.⁸

footnotes:
⁸ Alternatively, the blessing was for (Naomi)[Ruth] who was the daughter of idolaters. They blessed her that she should be in her own righteousness like Rachel and Leah who also were daughters of an idolater [Lavan], but because of their marriage to a great and righteous man [Yaakov], they created the House of Yisroel.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:11:2
[Rashi on Ruth 4:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:11:2)

**וּקְרָא שֵׁם.** כְּלוֹמַר, "יִגְדַּל שְׁמֶךָ":

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**And be famous.** I.e., may your name become great.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:12:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:12:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:12:1)

**כְּבֵית פֶּרֶץ.** שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִמֶּנּוּ:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**Like the house of Peretz.** From whom they were descended.⁹

footnotes:
⁹ Otherwise they should have blessed Bo’az to be like Ephrayim and Menashe.


###### Rashi on Ruth 4:18:1
[Rashi on Ruth 4:18:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Ruth/r/4:18:1)

**וְאֵלֶּה תּוֹלְדוֹת פָּרֶץ.** לְפִי שֶׁיִּחֵס אֶת דָּוִד עַל שְׁמָהּ שֶׁל רוּת הַמּוֹאֲבִיָּה חָזַר וְיִחֲסוֹ עַל שֵׁם יְהוּדָה:

**The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001:**
**These are the generations of Peretz.** Since [Scripture] traced Dovid’s lineage to the name of Rus the Mo’avitess, it returned and traced his lineage to Yehudah’s name.¹⁰

footnotes:
¹⁰ The symbol of royalty.