## Rashi on Shabbat Daf 23a

###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:1:1)

עששית - כלי גדול של זכוכית בלעז לנטרנ"א:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A lantern:** A large vessel of glass; *lanterne*, in the vernacular.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:1:2)

דולקת - שהדליקה למצות חנוכה בע"ש:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Burning:** As he kindled it for the commandment of Channukah on the eve of Shabbat.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:1:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:1:3)

ומדליקה - למצות הלילה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And kindles it:** For the commandment of that night.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:2:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:2:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:2:1)

היו באותו הנס - שגזרו יוונים על כל בתולות הנשואות להיבעל לטפסר תחלה ועל יד אשה נעשה הנס:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Were in that miracle:** Since the Greeks decreed upon all the virgins getting married to have intercourse with the high official first. And the miracle happened through a woman.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:3:1)

אכסנאי - אורח:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A lodger:** A guest.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:3:2)

בתר דנסיבי - ופעמים שהייתי אכסנאי ללמוד תורה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**After I married:** But I was sometimes [still] a lodger [in order to go somewhere] to study Torah.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:3:3)

עלי - בשבילי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Upon me:** For my sake.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:4
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:3:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:3:4)

בגו ביתאי - בביתי:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**On top of my house:** In my house.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:4:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:4:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:4:1)

משוך נהוריה - אינו ממהר לכלות כשמן זית:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Its light lasts:** It does not quickly end like olive oil [does].


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:4:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:4:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:4:2)

צליל נהוריה - צלול ומאיר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Its light is clear:** Clear and gives off light.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:5:1)

לגבל - מצאתי בתשוב' הגאוני' שמעשנין כלי זכוכית בעשן שמן זית עד שמשחיר וגורר השחרורי' ונותן בו שמן קימעא ומגבל בו ומייבשו בחמה וממחה אותו לתוך הדיו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**To mix:** I found in the responsa of the Geonim, that we smoke a glass vessel with the smoke of olive oil until it blackens. And one [then] rubs off the blackness and puts a little oil into it, mixes it, dries it in the sun and [then] rubs it into the ink.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:5:2)

לעשן - נמי כדפרישית:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**To smoke:** This is also as I [just] explained.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:5:3)

שרף - גומ"א:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Sap:** *Gome*.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:4
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:5:4)

קטף - פרוניי"ל של יער כמו שאנו עושים משל שרף:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Balsam:** *Prunelier* of the forests; like that which we make from sap.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:6:1)

הרואה - העובר בשוק ורואה באחד החצרות דולק ומצאתי בשם רבינו יצחק בן יהודה שאמר משם רבינו יעקב דלא הוזקקה ברכה זו אלא למי שלא הדליק בביתו עדיין או ליושב בספינ':

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**One who sees:** One who is passing through the marketplaces and sees it lit in one of the courtyards. But I found in the name of Rabbenu Yitzchak ben Yehudah, who said in the name of Rabbenu Yaakov, that this blessing is only required for one who did not yet light in his house or for one on a boat.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:6:2)

הרואה מברך שתים - שעשה נסים ושהחיינו שאין עליו לברך להדליק דהא לא אדליק איהו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**One who sees recites two:** 'Who did miracles,' and 'who has sustained us.' For he should not recite the blessing, 'to light,' since he did not light.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:6:3)

מאי ממעט - המדליק בשאר ימים איזו מן השלש ממעט:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**What does he omit** - the one who lights - on the other days? Which of the three does he omit?


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:4
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:6:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:6:4)

כל יומי איתיה - שהרי כל שמנה הדליקו מן הפך אבל זמן משהגיענו להתחלת זמן הגיענו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**It is present on all the days:** For behold, they lit from the cruse all eight [days, in the Temple]. But [regarding the blessing about] time - from [the time] when He made us arrive to the beginning of the time (the first day of Channukah), He has [already] made us arrive.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:7:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:7:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:7:1)

היכן צונו - הא לאו דאורייתא היא אלא מדבריהם:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Where did He command us:** Behold, it is not from the Torah, but rather from [the Rabbis'] words.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:7:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:7:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:7:2)

מלא תסור - מן הדבר אשר יגידו לך וגו':

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**From, "You shall not turn aside** from the word which they shall tell you, etc."


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:1)

מערבין בו - עירובי חצרות ותחומין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**One may use it to establish an *eiruv*:** The joining of courtyards and the joining of borders.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:2)

משתתפין בו - במבוי דאי בעי מפקר לנכסיה והוה עני וחזי ליה כדתנן מאכילין את העניים דמאי הלכך חשוב דידיה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Establish the merging** in an alleyway. For if one wants, he can render his property ownerless and become poor; and [then the produce] would be fit for him. As we learn (in a mishnah), "We feed *demai* to the poor." Hence it is considered his.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:3)

ומברכין עליו - המוציא:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And one recites a blessing:** *HaMotzi.*


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:4
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:4)

ומזמנין עליו - ברכת הזימון:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And one invites [a quorum]:** This is the blessing of invitation.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:5
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:5)

ומפריש אותו - אדם שהוא ערום כלומר דלא צריך לברוכי עליה בהפרשתו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And one may separate it:** A person who is naked. Meaning to say that there is no need to recite a blessing upon it when he separates it.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:6
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:6)

והיה מחניך קדוש - ולא יראה בך ערות דבר אפילו דבור דהזכרת השם לא יראה בך ערות דבר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**"Therefore shall your camp be holy** that He see no unseemly thing in you" - even the speech, of mentioning [God's] name, should see no unseemly thing in you.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:7
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:7)

ודאי דדבריהם - כגון נר חנוכה:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A definite rabbinic law:** Such as the Channukah lamp.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:8
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:8:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:8:8)

ספק דדבריהם - כגון דמאי שהפרשתו אינה אלא מספק:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**An uncertain rabbinic law:** Such as *demai*. Since [the need for] its separation is only from an uncertainty.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:9:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:9:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:9:1)

ובעי ברכה - קדוש היום:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And it requires a blessing:** The sanctification (*kiddush*) of the day.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:9:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:9:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:9:2)

רבא אמר - ספק דדבריהם בעי ברכה ודמאי אפילו ספק לא הוי אלא חומרא בעלמא דרוב עמי הארץ מעשרין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Rava said:** An uncertain rabbinic law requires a blessing, but *demai* is not even uncertain. Rather it is just a mere stringency, since most ignoramuses do tithe.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:10:1)

חצר שיש לה ב' פתחים - שיש לבית ב' פתחים פתוחים לחצר צריכ' שתי נרות נר לכל פתח כדמפ' טעמא משום חשדא שהרואה יהא סבור שהבית חלוק והרי הוא של שני בני אדם ויאמרו האחד אינו מקיים מצות נר:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A courtyard that has two entrances** That the house has two entrances opening on to the courtyard. [Hence it] needs two lamps - one lamp for each entrance - on account of suspicion, as the reason is explained. For the one looking would think that the house is divided, and it surely belongs to two people. So they will say [that] one is not fulfilling the commandment of the lamp.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:10:2)

מב' רוחות - אחד בצפון ואחד במזרח:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**From two different directions:** One in the north and one in the east.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:10:3)

חשדא דעלמא - בני עיר אחרת העוברין משם בשוק:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**The suspicion of people:** The residents of another city, who pass through from there in the marketplace.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:4
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:10:4)

אפי' מרוח אחת נמי - סבורין הן שהבית חלוק מתוכו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Even facing the same direction as well,** they will think that the house is divided inside it.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:5
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:10:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:10:5)

ואי חשדא דבני מתא - שיודעים שאין חלוק:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**And if it is the suspicion of the residents of the city** who know that there is no division.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:1
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:11:1)

לסוף שדהו - בגמר קצירו כדכתי' לא תכלה משמע בשעת כילוי ולא שיקצה אותה קודם לכן:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**At the end of his field:** At the end of his harvest. As it is written, "you shall not finish" - it is implied [that it must be] at the time of finishing, and not that he should put it aside before then.


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:2
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:11:2)

מפני בטול עניים - וכולהו מפרש להו:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**Due to causing the poor to be idle:** And it explains all of [the reasons].


###### Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:3
[Rashi on Shabbat 23a:11:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rashi%20on%20Shabbat/r/23a:11:3)

שעה פנויה - שאין עניים אצלו ויאמר לקרובו עני מהר וטול כאן עד שלא יבאו אחרים אבל עכשיו שמניחה בגמר קציר השד' העניים רואין ובאין:

**Sefaria Community Translation:**
**A time [it is] is unoccupied:** When the poor are not with him; and he will say to his poor relative, "Hurry and take [from] here before others come." But now that he leaves it to the end of the field's harvest, the poor see and come.