## Rosh Hashanah Daf 12a

###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:1
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:1)

וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁשִּׁינּוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם, שִׁינָּה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶם מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, וְהֶעֱלָה מַזַּל כִּימָה בַּיּוֹם, וְנָטַל שְׁנֵי כּוֹכָבִים וְהֵבִיא מַבּוּל לָעוֹלָם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But because** the people **changed their actions** for the worse, **the Holy One, Blessed be He, changed for them the acts of Creation and He caused the constellation of *Kima* to rise during the day, and He removed two stars** from it **and He brought a flood to the world.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:2
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:2)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַיְינוּ דִּכְתִיב: ״שֵׁנִי״. אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מַאי ״שֵׁנִי״? שֵׁנִי לְדִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Granted, according to Rabbi Yehoshua,** who holds that the flood began in the month of Iyyar, **this is as it is written:** “In the **second** month,” which is referring to the month of Iyyar, the second month from Nisan. **But according to Rabbi Eliezer,** who holds that the flood began in the month of Marḥeshvan, **what is** the meaning of “the **second** month”? The Gemara answers: It means **second to** the month that includes the day of **judgment,** which is the month of Tishrei.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:3
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:3)

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, הַיְינוּ דְּשִׁינָּה. אֶלָּא לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, מַאי שִׁינָּה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks further: **Granted, according to Rabbi Yehoshua,** who holds that the flood began in the month of Iyyar, **this is** what it means that **He changed** the acts of Creation with a flood, as rain does not usually fall in Iyyar. **But according to Rabbi Eliezer,** who holds that the flood began in Marḥeshvan, **what did He change?**


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:4
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:4)

כִּדְרַב חִסְדָּא. דְּאָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: בְּרוֹתְחִין קִלְקְלוּ וּבְרוֹתְחִין נִידּוֹנוּ. בְּרוֹתְחִין קִלְקְלוּ — בַּעֲבֵירָה, וּבְרוֹתְחִין נִידּוֹנוּ — כְּתִיב הָכָא: ״וַיָּשֹׁכּוּ הַמָּיִם״, וּכְתִיב הָתָם: ״וַחֲמַת הַמֶּלֶךְ שָׁכָכָה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: Even according to Rabbi Eliezer a change was made, **in accordance with** the statement **of Rav Ḥisda, as Rav Ḥisda said: They sinned with boiling** heat, **and they were punished with boiling** heat; **they sinned with the boiling** heat **of the sin** of forbidden sexual relations, **and they were punished with the boiling** heat of scalding waters. This is derived from a verbal analogy. **It is written here,** with regard to the flood: **“And the waters abated”** (Genesis 8:1), **and it is written elsewhere,** with regard to King Ahasuerus: **“And the heated** anger **of the king abated”** (Esther 7:10), which implies that the word “abated” means cooled. This indicates that at first the waters of the flood had been scalding hot.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:5
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:5)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: חַכְמֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מוֹנִין לַמַּבּוּל כְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, וְלַתְּקוּפָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. חַכְמֵי אוּמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם מוֹנִין אַף לַמַּבּוּל כְּרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **The Jewish Sages count** the years **from** Creation and **the flood in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Eliezer,** from Tishrei, and they calculate **the cycles** of the sun and the moon **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehoshua,** from Nisan. **The sages of the** gentile **nations of the world,** on the other hand, **count both** the years **from** Creation and **the flood in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Yehoshua,** from Nisan.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:6
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:6)

וְלַיְּרָקוֹת. תָּנָא: לַיְּרָקוֹת וְלַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְלַנְּדָרִים. לַיְּרָקוֹת מַאי נִינְהוּ? מַעֲשֵׂר יָרָק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna taught: **And** the first of Tishrei is the new year **for vegetables.** It **is taught** in a *baraita*: The first of Tishrei is the new year **for vegetables, and for tithes, and for vows.** The Gemara asks: **What is** meant by the term: **For vegetables?** It means **for** the **vegetable tithe,** i.e., one may not take *teruma* or tithes from vegetables picked before Rosh HaShana in order to fulfill the obligation for vegetables picked after Rosh HaShana.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:7
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:7)

הַיְינוּ מַעַשְׂרוֹת? תְּנָא דְּרַבָּנַן וְקָתָנֵי דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, **this is the same as** the meaning of the term **for tithes,** and yet the *baraita* distinguishes between them. The Gemara answers: The *baraita* **taught** first about a tithe that is **by rabbinic** law, i.e., the vegetable tithe, that its new year is the first of Tishrei, **and** then **it teaches** about a tithe that is **by Torah** law, i.e., the tithe of grain, wine, and oil, that its new year is also the first of Tishrei.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:8
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:8)

וְלִיתְנֵי דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא בְּרֵישָׁא! אַיְּידֵי דַּחֲבִיבָא לֵיהּ — אַקְדְּמַהּ. וְתַנָּא דִּידַן? תְּנָא דְּרַבָּנַן, וְכׇל שֶׁכֵּן דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, **let** the *tanna* of the *baraita* **teach** that which is **by Torah** law **in the first clause.** The Gemara explains: **Since** the *halakha* with regard to vegetable tithes **was dear to him, he mentioned it first.** He taught first about the tithe that is by rabbinic decree, as it involves a greater novelty, and afterward he taught about the tithe that is by Torah law. The Gemara asks further: **And** with regard to **the *tanna*** of **our** mishna, who mentioned only vegetables but not tithes, what is his reasoning? The Gemara explains: **He taught** vegetable tithes, which are **by rabbinic decree, and** from which one may infer **all the more so** that the first of Tishrei is the new year for the tithe of grain, wine, and oil, which is by Torah law.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:9
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:9)

וְלִיתְנֵי ״מַעֲשֵׂר״! אֶחָד מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה וְאֶחָד מַעְשַׂר דָּגָן. וְלִיתְנֵי ״יָרָק״! תְּרֵי גַּוְונֵי יָרָק, דִּתְנַן: יָרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד — מִשֶּׁיֵּאָגֵד, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱגָד — מִשֶּׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a question about the *baraita*: **But let** the *tanna* of the *baraita* **teach: Tithe,** in the singular. Why teach tithes in the plural? The Gemara answers: He uses this formulation to include **both** the **animal tithe and** the **grain tithe.** The Gemara asks further: **But let him teach: Vegetable,** in the singular. Why teach: Vegetables, in the plural? The Gemara answers: He means to include **two categories of vegetables, as we learned** in a mishna: With regard to **a** type of **vegetable that is** usually **made into bundles** before being sold, the time of tithing is **from when it is bundled; and** with regard to a type of vegetable **that is not** usually **made into** such **bundles,** the time of tithing is **from when one fills a vessel** with it.


###### Rosh Hashanah 12a:10
[Rosh Hashanah 12a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/12a:10)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: לִיקֵּט יָרָק עֶרֶב רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָּבֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְחָזַר וְלִיקֵּט

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: If **one picked vegetables on the eve of Rosh HaShana before the sun had set,** so that they belong to the previous year, **and** then **he returned and he picked** more vegetables