## Rosh Hashanah Daf 13a

###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:1
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:1)

וְדִלְמָא לָא עָיֵיל כְּלָל, וְקָאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא תְּשַׁמֵּט וְתֵיזִיל עַד חַג הַסּוּכּוֹת!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But perhaps** the verse is referring to produce that **did not grow at all** during the seventh year, **and** nevertheless, **the Merciful One states** in the Torah that all the *halakhot* of the Sabbatical Year **continue to apply until the festival of *Sukkot*** of the eighth year.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:2
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:2)

לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְחַג הָאָסִיף בְּצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה״, מַאי ״אָסִיף״? אִילֵּימָא: חַג הַבָּא בִּזְמַן אֲסִיפָה — הָכְתִיב: ״בְּאׇסְפְּךָ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **It should not enter your mind** to say this, **as it is written: “And the festival of gathering, which is at the end of the year,** when you have gathered in your labors out of the field” (Exodus 23:16). **What is** the meaning of **“gathering”? If we say** that it means: **A Festival that comes at the time of gathering** the crops, **isn’t it** already **written: “When you have gathered** in your labors”? There is no need to repeat this a second time.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:3
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:3)

אֶלָּא מַאי ״אָסִיף״ — קָצִיר. וְקִים לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן דְּכׇל תְּבוּאָה שֶׁנִּקְצְרָה בֶּחָג, בְּיָדוּעַ שֶׁהֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ לִפְנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, וְקָא קָרֵי לַהּ ״בְּצֵאת הַשָּׁנָה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, what is** meant here by **“gathering”?** It means **harvesting. And the Sages have** an accepted **tradition that any grain that** reaches full growth so that it **is harvested on the festival** of *Sukkot* **is known** to **have reached one-third** of its growth **before Rosh HaShana, and** the Torah **calls** that period of the year until *Sukkot* **“at the end of the year,”** thereby indicating that it is still subject to the *halakhot* governing the previous year.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:4
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:4)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה לְרַבִּי זֵירָא: וְקִים לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן בֵּין שְׁלִישׁ לְפָחוֹת מִשְּׁלִישׁ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָאו אָמֵינָא לָךְ לָא תַּפֵּיק נַפְשָׁךְ לְבַר מֵהִלְכְתָא? כׇּל מִדּוֹת חֲכָמִים — כֵּן הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabbi Yirmeya said to Rabbi Zeira: And are the Sages** able to **discern** precisely **between** produce that reached **one-third** of its growth **and** produce that reached **less than one-third** of its growth? Rabbi Zeira **said to him: Do I not** always **tell you that you must not take yourself out** of the bounds of **the *halakha*? All the measures of the Sages are like this;** they are precise and exact.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:5
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:5)

אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה הוּא טוֹבֵל, בְּאַרְבָּעִים סְאָה חָסֵר קוּרְטוֹב — אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִטְבּוֹל בָּהֶן. כְּבֵיצָה מְטַמֵּא טוּמְאַת אוֹכָלִין, כְּבֵיצָה חָסֵר שׁוּמְשׁוּם — אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא טוּמְאַת אוֹכָלִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
For example, **one who immerses himself in** a ritual bath containing **forty *se’a*** of water is rendered pure, but **in forty *se’a* less** the tiny amount of **a *kortov*,** he **cannot immerse** and become pure **in them.** Similarly, **an egg-bulk** of impure food **can render** other **food ritually impure,** but **an egg-bulk less** even the tiny amount of **a sesame** seed **does not render food ritually impure.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:6
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:6)

שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה — מִטַּמֵּא מִדְרָס, שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה חָסֵר נִימָא אַחַת — אֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא מִדְרָס.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
So too, a piece of cloth **three by three** handbreadths in size **is susceptible to ritual impurity** imparted by **treading,** but a piece of cloth **three by three** handbreadths **less one hair [*nima*] is not susceptible to ritual impurity** imparted by **treading.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:7
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:7)

הֲדַר אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: לָאו מִילְּתָא הִיא דַּאֲמַרִי. דִּבְעוֹ מִינֵּיהּ חַבְרַיָּיא מֵרַב כָּהֲנָא: עוֹמֶר שֶׁהִקְרִיבוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּכְנִיסָתָן לָאָרֶץ, מֵהֵיכָן הִקְרִיבוּהוּ? אִם תֹּאמַר דְּעָיֵיל בְּיַד גּוֹי, ״קְצִירְכֶם״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא — וְלֹא קְצִיר גּוֹי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yirmeya then said: What I said is nothing,** and my question had no basis, as it can be demonstrated that the Sages know how to determine that produce has reached one-third of its growth. **As Rav Kahana was** once **asked by the** other **colleagues** of the academy as follows: With regard to **the *omer*** offering **that the Jewish people brought when they** first **entered Eretz Yisrael** in the days of Joshua, **from where did they bring it? If you say** that this *omer* offering was brought from grain **that grew in the possession of a gentile,** there is a difficulty, as **the Merciful One states** in the Torah: “You shall bring an *omer* of the first fruits of **your harvest** to the priest” (Leviticus 23:10), from which it can be derived that it must be your harvest, grown in the possession of a Jew, **and not the harvest of a gentile.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:8
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:8)

מִמַּאי דְּאַקְרִיבוּ, דִּלְמָא לָא אַקְרִיבוּ! לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיֹּאכְלוּ מֵעֲבוּר הָאָרֶץ מִמׇּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח״. מִמָּחֳרַת הַפֶּסַח — אֲכוּל, מֵעִיקָּרָא — לָא אֲכוּל. דְּאַקְרִיבוּ עוֹמֶר וַהֲדַר אָכְלִי. מֵהֵיכָן הִקְרִיבוּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara first questions the assumption of Rav Kahana’s colleagues: **From where** is it known **that** the Jewish people actually **brought** an *omer* offering that year? **Perhaps they did not offer** it at all. The Gemara rejects this argument: **It should not enter your mind** to say this, **as it is written: “And they did eat of the produce of the land on the next day after Passover”** (Joshua 5:11), which teaches: Only **on the next day after Passover did they eat** from the new grain, but **initially they did not eat** from it. Why? It is **because they** first **brought the *omer*** offering on the sixteenth of Nisan as is required, **and** only **afterward did they eat** from the new grain. Therefore the question remains: **From where did they bring** the *omer* offering?


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:9
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:9)

אָמַר לָהֶן: כׇּל שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁלִישׁ בְּיַד גּוֹי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Kahana **said to them: Anything that** came into the possession of a Jew and **did not reach one-third** of its growth **in the possession of a gentile** is fit to be harvested for the sake of the *omer* offering.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:10
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:10)

וְדִלְמָא עָיֵיל וְלָא קִים לְהוּ? אֶלָּא קִים לְהוּ — הָכָא נָמֵי קִים לְהוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Yirmeya concludes his proof: But there, too, one might ask: **Perhaps** the grain **had** in fact already **reached** one-third of its growth, **but they could not discern** with certainty between grain that had reached one-third of its growth and grain that had not. **Rather,** you must say that **they were able to discern** with certainty. **Here, too,** you can say that the Sages **can discern** with certainty between produce that has reached one-third of its growth before Rosh HaShana and produce that has not.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:11
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:11)

וְדִלְמָא לָא עָיֵיל כְּלָל, אֲבָל הֵיכָא דְּעָיֵיל רִיבְעָא — בֵּין שְׁלִישׁ לְפָחוֹת מִשְּׁלִישׁ לָא קִים לְהוּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: This is not absolute proof, **as perhaps** the Jewish people brought the *omer* offering from grain that **did not grow at all** before they conquered the land, and the distinction was evident to all. **But where** produce **reached one quarter** of its growth, the Sages **cannot discern** with certainty the difference **between one-third and less than one-third.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:12
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:12)

לָא סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְהָעָם עָלוּ מִן הַיַּרְדֵּן בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ״, וְאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ דְּלָא עָיֵיל כְּלָל — בְּחַמְשָׁה יוֹמֵי מִי קָא מָלְיָא?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **It should not enter your mind** to say this, **as it is written: “And the people came up from the Jordan on the tenth day of the** first **month”** (Joshua 4:19). **And if** it **enters your mind** to say **that** the grain **had not grown at all** before the Jewish people entered the land, **could it have reached full growth in** just **five days?**


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:13
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:13)

אֶלָּא מַאי, דְּעָיֵיל רִבְעָא אוֹ דַנְקָא? אַכַּתִּי בְּחַמְשָׁה יוֹמֵי מִי קָא מָלְיָא! אֶלָּא מַאי אִית לָךְ לְמֵימַר: ״אֶרֶץ צְבִי״ כְּתִיב בַּהּ — הָכָא נָמֵי: ״אֶרֶץ צְבִי״ כְּתִיב בַּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects this argument: **Rather, what** can one say? **That** the grain **had reached one quarter or one-sixth [*danka*]** of its growth before the Jewish people conquered the land? This too is difficult, as one can **still** ask: **Could** the grain **have reached full growth in** just **five days? Rather, what have you to say?** One could say that with regard to Eretz Yisrael **it is written: “The land of the deer”** (Daniel 11:41), implying that the grain of Eretz Yisrael ripens with the swiftness of a deer. **Here, too,** one can say that **“the land of the deer” is written** with regard to Eretz Yisrael and applies to the ripening of the grain, so that it can ripen in just a few days.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:14
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:14)

מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: וּמִי מָצֵית אָמְרַתְּ דְּהַאי ״אָסִיף״ קָצִיר הוּא? וְהָכְתִיב: ״בְּאׇסְפְּךָ מִגׇּרְנְךָ וּמִיִּקְבֶךָ״, וְאָמַר מָר: בִּפְסוֹלֶת גּוֹרֶן וְיֶקֶב הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabbi Ḥanina strongly objects to** the proof brought from the verse in Exodus cited above, which refers to *Sukkot* as the festival of gathering: **How can you say** that **this “gathering” means harvesting? But isn’t it written:** “You shall observe the festival of *Sukkot* seven days, **after you have gathered in from your threshing floor and from your winepress”** (Deuteronomy 16:13), **and the Master said** about this: **The verse speaks** here **of the waste of the threshing floor and the winepress,** which is used to make the roof of the *sukka*. If so, the gathering mentioned with regard to the festival of *Sukkot* is referring not to harvesting but to gathering straw from the threshing floor.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:15
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:15)

אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: הָא מִילְּתָא הֲוַאי בִּידַן, וַאֲתָא רַבִּי חֲנִינָא שְׁדָא בַּיהּ נַרְגָּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Zeira said** about this: **This matter was in our hands,** i.e., I thought that we had solid proof that the years for produce follow the first third of its growth, **but Rabbi Ḥanina came and cast an axe upon it,** cutting it down, as Rabbi Ḥanina’s objection has totally nullified the proof.


###### Rosh Hashanah 13a:16
[Rosh Hashanah 13a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/13a:16)

אֶלָּא מְנָלַן? כִּדְתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן בֶּן יוֹסֵף אוֹמֵר: ״וְעָשָׂת אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה לִשְׁלֹשׁ הַשָּׁנִים״,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Rather, from where do we** derive that the years for produce follow the first third of its growth? The Gemara answers: **As it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yonatan ben Yosef says:** The verse states: **“And it shall bring forth fruit for the three years”** (Leviticus 25:21);