## Rosh Hashanah Daf 14b

###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:1
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:1)

אֶחָד כְּדִבְרֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי, וְאֶחָד כְּדִבְרֵי בֵּית הִלֵּל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One** tithe was **in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai** that the new year for trees is on the first of Shevat, in which case it was already the third or sixth year, when one must set aside poor man’s tithe; **and one** tithe was **in accordance with the statement of Beit Hillel** that the new year for trees is on the fifteenth of Shevat, so it was still the second or fifth year, when one must set aside second tithe.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:2
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:2)

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לֹא מִנְהַג בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל נָהַג בָּהּ, אֶלָּא מִנְהַג רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר נָהַג בָּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda says: He did not act** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices of Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel. Rather, he acted** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Eliezer.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:3
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:3)

דִּתְנַן: אֶתְרוֹג שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דְּרָכִים, וְלַיָּרָק בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד. שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דְּרָכִים: לְעׇרְלָה וְלִרְבָעִי וְלִשְׁבִיעִית וּלְיָרָק בְּדֶרֶךְ אֶחָד — שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת לְקִיטָתוֹ עִישּׂוּרוֹ, דִּבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As we learned** in a mishna: The ***etrog*** tree **is like** an ordinary **tree in three ways and like a vegetable in one way.** How so? **It is like** an ordinary **tree in three ways: With regard to *orla*,** that the fruit of the first three years after the tree is planted is forbidden; **with regard to fourth-year produce,** that the fruit that grows in the fourth year after the tree is planted must be brought to Jerusalem and eaten there or else it must be redeemed; **and with regard to the Sabbatical Year,** that the year is determined by the time of the formation of its fruit. **And** the *etrog* is like **a vegetable in one way,** which is **that its tithe** year follows **the time of the picking** of its fruit; this is **the statement of Rabban Gamliel.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:4
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:4)

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֶתְרוֹג שָׁוֶה לָאִילָן לְכׇל דָּבָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Eliezer says: The *etrog* is like** fruit of **a tree with regard to all matters,** and so its tithe year also follows the time of the formation of its fruit. Since Rabbi Akiva was in doubt whether the *halakha* is ruled in accordance with the opinion of Rabban Gamliel or Rabbi Eliezer, he set aside two tithes in order to follow both of their opinions.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:5
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:5)

וּמִי עָבְדִינַן כִּתְרֵי חוּמְרֵי? וְהָתַנְיָא: לְעוֹלָם הֲלָכָה כְּדִבְרֵי בֵּית הִלֵּל, וְהָרוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת כְּדִבְרֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי — עוֹשֶׂה. כְּדִבְרֵי בֵּית הִלֵּל — עוֹשֶׂה. מִקּוּלֵּי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּמִקּוּלֵּי בֵּית הִלֵּל — רָשָׁע. מֵחוּמְרֵי בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּמֵחוּמְרֵי בֵּית הִלֵּל — עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: ״וְהַכְּסִיל בַּחֹשֶׁךְ הוֹלֵךְ״. אֶלָּא: אִי כְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי — בְּקוּלֵּיהוֹן וּבְחוּמְרֵיהוֹן. אִי כְּבֵית הִלֵּל — בְּקוּלֵּיהוֹן וּבְחוּמְרֵיהוֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions Rabbi Akiva’s conduct: **But do we adopt the** respective **stringencies of two** authorities who disagree on a series of issues? **Isn’t it taught** in a *baraita*: The ***halakha* is always in accordance with the statement of Beit Hillel, but one who wishes to act in accordance with the statement of Beit Shammai may do so,** and one who wishes to act **in accordance with the statement of Beit Hillel may do so.** If he adopts both **the leniencies of Beit Shammai and** also **the leniencies of Beit Hillel,** he is **a wicked person.** And if he adopts both **the stringencies of Beit Shammai and the stringencies of Beit Hillel, with regard to him the verse states: “The fool walks in darkness”** (Ecclesiastes 2:14). **Rather,** one should act **either in accordance with Beit Shammai,** following both **their leniencies and their stringencies, or in accordance with Beit Hillel,** following both **their leniencies and their stringencies.** If so, why did Rabbi Akiva follow two contradictory stringencies?


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:6
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:6)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא גְּמָרֵיהּ אִסְתַּפַּק לֵיהּ, וְלָא יְדַע אִי בֵּית הִלֵּל בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט אוֹמֵר, אִי בַּחֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט אוֹמֵר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **Rabbi Akiva** wished to act in accordance with the opinion of Beit Hillel, but he **was in doubt about his tradition and did not know whether Beit Hillel said** that the new year for trees is **on the first of Shevat or** whether they **said** that it is **on the fifteenth of Shevat,** and so he set aside two tithes in order to conform with both possibilities.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:7
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:7)

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: לֹא מִנְהַג בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל נָהַג בָּהּ, אֶלָּא מִנְהַג רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר נָהַג בָּהּ. בְּאֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט — כְּבֵית שַׁמַּאי נָהַג בָּהּ!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara further clarifies the *baraita*, which states: **Rabbi Yosei bar Yehuda says: He did not act** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices of Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel; rather, he acted** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Eliezer.** The Gemara asks: Seeing that he did this **on the first of Shevat,** it would seem that **he acted in accordance with** the practice of **Beit Shammai.** According to Beit Hillel, both the formation of the fruit and its picking took place in the same year, as the new year does not begin until the fifteenth of Shevat, and so there would have been no need to set aside two tithes.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:8
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:8)

אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא: הָכָא בְּאֶתְרוֹג שֶׁחָנְטוּ פֵּירוֹתָיו קוֹדֶם חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר דְּאִידַּךְ שְׁבָט עָסְקִינַן. וּבְדִין הוּא אֲפִילּוּ קוֹדֶם לָכֵן, וּמַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה כָּךְ הָיָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Ḥanina said, and some say** that it was **Rabbi Ḥananya** who said: **Here we are dealing with an *etrog*** tree **whose fruit was formed prior to the fifteenth of the other,** previous, **Shevat,** in the second year, and it was picked on the first of the following Shevat, in the third year. According to the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer that the tithe year of an *etrog* follows the time of the formation of its fruit, the fruit was obligated in second tithe, whereas according to the opinion of Rabban Gamliel that the tithe year of an *etrog* follows the time of its picking, it was obligated in poor man’s tithe, and so Rabbi Akiva set aside two tithes. **And by right it** should have taught that **even** if the fruit had been picked **earlier,** any time after the fifteenth of the previous Shevat, **but the incident that took place, took place in this way,** that the fruit was picked on the first of Shevat.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:9
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:9)

רָבִינָא אָמַר, כְּרוֹךְ וּתְנִי: לֹא אֶחָד בִּשְׁבָט הָיָה — אֶלָּא חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט הָיָה, וְלֹא מִנְהַג בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל נָהַג בָּהּ — אֶלָּא מִנְהַג רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר נָהַג בָּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ravina said: Combine** the two statements **and teach** the *baraita* as follows: **It was not on the first of Shevat** that Rabbi Akiva picked the fruit, **but on the fifteenth of Shevat, and he did not act** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices** of **Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel, but rather, he acted** as he did in order to conform **with the** conflicting **practices** of **Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Eliezer,** both in accordance with the practice of Beit Hillel.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:10
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:10)

אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא: הַשְׁתָּא דְּאָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אֶתְרוֹג אַחַר לְקִיטָתוֹ עִישּׂוּרוֹ כְּיָרָק, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ תִּשְׁרִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **Rabba bar Rav Huna said: Now that Rabban Gamliel has said** that **the tithe** year **of an *etrog*** follows **the time of the picking** of its fruit, **like a vegetable, its new year** for tithing **is Tishrei,** like other vegetables.


###### Rosh Hashanah 14b:11
[Rosh Hashanah 14b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/14b:11)

מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: לִיקֵּט אֶתְרוֹג עֶרֶב חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר בִּשְׁבָט עַד שֶׁלֹּא תָּבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ, וְחָזַר וְלִיקֵּט מִשֶּׁתָּבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ — אֵין תּוֹרְמִין וּמְעַשְּׂרִין מִזֶּה עַל זֶה, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין תּוֹרְמִין וּמְעַשְּׂרִין לֹא מִן הֶחָדָשׁ עַל הַיָּשָׁן וְלֹא מִן הַיָּשָׁן עַל הֶחָדָשׁ. הָיְתָה שְׁלִישִׁית נִכְנֶסֶת לִרְבִיעִית — שְׁלִישִׁית מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּמַעְשַׂר עָנִי, רְבִיעִית מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from the following *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says:** If **one picked** the fruit of **an *etrog*** tree **on the eve of the fifteenth of Shevat before the sun had set, and** then **he picked more** fruit **after sunset, one may not set aside *teruma* and tithes from the one for the other, as one may not set aside *teruma* and tithes from the new** crop **for the old or from the old** crop **for the new.** If he did this when it **was the third** year of the Sabbatical cycle **going into the fourth** year, the *halakha* is as follows: From what he picked in **the third** year he must set aside **first tithe and poor man’s tithe,** and from what he picked in **the fourth year** he must set aside **first tithe and second tithe.**