## Rosh Hashanah Daf 15a

###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:1
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:1)

מַאן שָׁמְעַתְּ לֵיהּ דְּאָזֵיל בָּתַר לְקִיטָה — רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וְקָתָנֵי שְׁבָט!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara clarifies this ruling: **Whom did you hear that** said the tithe year of an *etrog* **follows** the time of the **picking** of its fruit? It was **Rabban Gamliel. And** yet this *baraita* **is teaching** that the new year for tithing an *etrog* is the fifteenth of **Shevat,** against the opinion of Rabba bar Rav Huna, who says that according to Rabban Gamliel it is the first of Tishrei.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:2
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:2)

אֶלָּא, אִי אִתְּמַר הָכִי אִתְּמַר: אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא: אַף עַל גַּב דְּאָמַר רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אֶתְרוֹג אַחַר לְקִיטָה כְּיָרָק — רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ שְׁבָט.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, if this was said, it was said as follows: Rabba bar Rav Huna said: Even though Rabban Gamliel said** that the tithe year of **an *etrog* follows** the time of the **picking** of its fruit, **like a vegetable, its new year is** in **Shevat,** like a tree.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:3
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:3)

מַאי שְׁנָא הָתָם דְּקָתָנֵי ״אִם הָיְתָה שְׁנִיָּה נִכְנֶסֶת לִשְׁלִישִׁית״ וּמַאי שְׁנָא הָכָא דְּקָתָנֵי ״אִם הָיְתָה שְׁלִישִׁית נִכְנֶסֶת לִרְבִיעִית״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What is different there,** in the *baraita* with regard to one who picked vegetables on the eve of Rosh HaShana, such **that it teaches** the case when **it was the second** year of the Sabbatical cycle **going into the third** year, **and what is different here,** in the *baraita* dealing with one who was picking the fruit of an *etrog* tree on the eve of the fifteenth of Shevat, such **that it teaches** the case when **it was the third** year **going into the fourth** year? Why is the same example not brought in both cases?


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:4
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:4)

מִילְּתָא אַגַּב אוֹרְחֵיהּ קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן, דְּאֶתְרוֹג קַשְׁיָא לֵיהּ יְדָא וְאַיְּידֵי דִּמְמַשְׁמְשִׁי בֵּיהּ כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא בִּשְׁבִיעִית, לָא טָעֵין פֵּרֵי עַד תְּלָת שְׁנִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **It teaches us a matter in passing, that it is damaging** for an ***etrog*** when the tree **is handled, and since everyone handles it in the Sabbatical Year,** as all the orchards are declared ownerless and everyone is permitted to enter and pick produce, the tree **does not bear fruit** that is fit for eating **for** another **three years.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:5
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:5)

בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מֵרַבִּי יַנַּאי: אֶתְרוֹג, רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה שֶׁלּוֹ אֵימָתַי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁבָט. שְׁבָט דָּחֳדָשִׁים, אוֹ שְׁבָט דִּתְקוּפָה? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דָּחֳדָשִׁים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yoḥanan inquired of Rabbi Yannai:** With regard to **an *etrog*, when is its new year?** Rabbi Yannai **said to him:** It is in **Shevat.** Rabbi Yoḥanan asked again: Are you referring to **the lunar month of Shevat or** to **the Shevat** of the solar **season,** which begins thirty days after the winter solstice, but on a different date each year? Rabbi Yannai **said to him:** I am referring to **the lunar month** of Shevat.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:6
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:6)

בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רָבָא מֵרַב נַחְמָן, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מֵרַבִּי יַנַּאי: הָיְתָה שָׁנָה מְעוּבֶּרֶת, מַהוּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַלֵּךְ אַחַר רוֹב שָׁנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rava inquired of Rav Naḥman, and some say** that it was **Rabbi Yoḥanan** who inquired **of Rabbi Yannai: If it was a leap year, what is** the *halakha*? Does the new year for trees then move to the First Adar, which is the penultimate month in a leap year? **He said to him: Follow the majority of years.** Even in a leap year the new year for trees is in Shevat.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:7
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:7)

אָמַר רַבָּה: אֶתְרוֹג בַּת שִׁשִּׁית שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לִשְׁבִיעִית — פְּטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַבִּיעוּר. וּבַת שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁנִּכְנְסָה לִשְׁמִינִית — פְּטוּרָה בַּמַּעֲשֵׂר וְחַיֶּיבֶת בַּבִּיעוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba said: An *etrog* from the sixth** year of the Sabbatical cycle **that entered into,** and was picked in, **the Sabbatical Year is exempt from tithes,** like the produce of the Sabbatical Year, **and is** also **exempt from** the mitzva of **elimination** of Sabbatical Year produce from one’s house after produce of that particular species is no longer found in the field. **A Sabbatical Year** *etrog* **that entered into,** and was picked in, **the eighth** year **is exempt from tithes but is subject to** the mitzva of **elimination** of Sabbatical Year produce from one’s house.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:8
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: בִּשְׁלָמָא סֵיפָא — לְחוּמְרָא, אֶלָּא רֵישָׁא פְּטוּרָה מִן הַבִּיעוּר — אַמַּאי? דְּאָמְרִינַן זִיל בָּתַר חֲנָטָה, אִי הָכִי תִּיחַיַּיב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Abaye said to him: Granted,** in **the latter clause** the *halakha* follows the more **stringent** approach, as it follows the time of the formation of the fruit, which was in the Sabbatical Year, and therefore the *etrog* is subject to the mitzva of elimination. But in **the first clause,** which states that the *etrog* **is exempt from** the mitzva of **elimination, why** is this so? It must be **that we say** to **follow** the time of **the formation** of the fruit, which was in the sixth year. But **if so, it should be subject to tithes.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:9
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:9)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: יַד הַכֹּל מְמַשְׁמְשִׁין בָּהּ, וְאַתְּ אָמְרַתְּ תִּיחַיַּיב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabba **said to him: Everyone’s hand is touching it,** as all are permitted to enter the orchards and touch all the fruit, and so the etrog is regarded as ownerless, **and** yet **you** wish to **say that it should be subject to tithes?** Even if it is not exempt as fruit of the Sabbatical Year, it is exempt from tithes because it is now ownerless.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:10
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:10)

וְרַב הַמְנוּנָא אָמַר: בַּת שִׁשִּׁית שֶׁנִּכְנֶסֶת לִשְׁבִיעִית — לְעוֹלָם שִׁשִּׁית, וּבַת שְׁבִיעִית הַנִּכְנֶסֶת לִשְׁמִינִית — לְעוֹלָם שְׁבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Hamnuna** argued and **said:** An *etrog* **from the sixth** year of the Sabbatical cycle **that entered into,** and was picked in, **the Sabbatical Year is always** and for all purposes considered **sixth-year** produce. **And** an *etrog* **from the Sabbatical Year that entered into,** and was picked in, **the eighth** year **is always** and for all purposes considered produce of the **Sabbatical Year.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:11
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:11)

מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אֶתְרוֹג בַּת שִׁשִּׁית שֶׁנִּכְנֶסֶת לִשְׁבִיעִית — פְּטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַבִּיעוּר, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁחַיָּיב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן גָּדַל בְּחִיּוּב וְנִלְקַט בְּחִיּוּב. וּבַת שְׁבִיעִית שֶׁנִּכְנֶסֶת לִשְׁמִינִית — פְּטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַבִּיעוּר, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר שֶׁחַיָּיב בְּבִיעוּר אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן גָּדַל בִּשְׁבִיעִית וְנִלְקַט בִּשְׁבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from the following *baraita*: **Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda said in the name of Rabbi Shimon: An *etrog* from the sixth** year **that entered into,** and was picked in, **the Sabbatical Year is exempt from tithes, and it is** also **exempt from** the mitzva of **elimination** of Sabbatical Year produce from one’s house, **as there is nothing that is subject to tithes unless it** both **grew at** a time of **obligation** in tithes **and was** also **picked** at a time of **obligation.** Likewise, an *etrog* **from the Sabbatical Year that entered into,** and was picked in, **the eighth** year **is exempt from tithes, and it is** also **exempt from** the mitzva of **elimination, as nothing is subject to** the mitzva of **elimination unless it** both **grew in the Sabbatical Year and was** also **picked in the Sabbatical Year.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:12
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:12)

רֵישָׁא קַשְׁיָא לְרַב הַמְנוּנָא, סֵיפָא קַשְׁיָא בֵּין לְרַבָּה בֵּין לְרַב הַמְנוּנָא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara notes: **The first clause** of this *baraita* poses **a difficulty** with regard **to** the opinion of **Rav Hamnuna,** who says that a sixth-year *etrog* that was picked in the Sabbatical Year is subject to tithes. And **the latter clause** of the *baraita* poses **a difficulty** with regard **to** the opinions of **both Rabba and Rav Hamnuna,** as they both say that a Sabbatical-Year *etrog* that was picked in the eighth year is subject to the mitzva of elimination.


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:13
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:13)

תַּנָּאֵי הִיא. דְּתַנְיָא, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אַבְטוּלְמוֹס הֵעִיד מִשּׁוּם חֲמִשָּׁה זְקֵנִים: אֶתְרוֹג — אַחַר לְקִיטָתוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ נִמְנוּ בְּאוּשָׁא, וְאָמְרוּ: אַחַר לְקִיטָתוֹ, בֵּין לְמַעֲשֵׂר בֵּין לִשְׁבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: The matter **is** a dispute between ***tanna’im*, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Yosei said: Avtolemos testified in the name of five Elders: An *etrog* follows** the time of **its picking in** the matter of **tithes. But our Sages voted in Usha and said** that an *etrog* **follows** the time of **its picking, both in** the matter of **tithes and in** the matter of **the Sabbatical Year.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 15a:14
[Rosh Hashanah 15a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/15a:14)

שְׁבִיעִית מַאן דְּכַר שְׁמֵיהּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a question about this *baraita*: **Who mentioned anything about the Sabbatical Year?** The subject of the discussion was tithes.