## Rosh Hashanah Daf 19a

###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:1
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:1)

וְתִיפּוֹק לֵיהּ דְּהָוֵה לֵיהּ יוֹם שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג בּוֹ גְּדַלְיָה בֶּן אֲחִיקָם! אָמַר רַב: לֹא נִצְרְכָה אֶלָּא לֶאֱסוֹר אֶת שֶׁלְּפָנָיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: But if this was at the time that the Temple was standing, **derive** the prohibition against fasting on the third of Tishrei from the fact that **it is the day that Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, was killed.** During the time of the Temple the biblical fast days were celebrated as days of joy. **Rav said: It was only necessary** to include the third of Tishrei in *Megillat Ta’anit* **in order to prohibit** fasting on **the preceding** day as well. Fasting was forbidden not only on the actual days listed in *Megillat Ta’anit*, but also on the preceding day and the following day.


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:2
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:2)

שֶׁלְּפָנָיו נָמֵי, תִּיפּוֹק לֵיהּ דְּהָוֵה לֵיהּ יוֹם שֶׁלְּאַחַר רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ! רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, וּדְאוֹרָיְיתָא לָא בָּעֵי חִיזּוּק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises another difficulty: With regard to the prohibition against fasting on **the preceding day,** the second of Tishrei, **also derive it because it is** the **day after** the **New Moon,** and fasting is forbidden not only on festive days, but also on the preceding day and the following day. The Gemara rejects this argument: The **New Moon is by Torah law,** and festive days that are **by Torah law do not require reinforcement.** Therefore no decree was ever enacted prohibiting fasting on the days before and after.


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:3
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:3)

דְּתַנְיָא: הַיָּמִים הָאֵלֶּה הַכְּתוּבִין בִּמְגִילַּת תַּעֲנִית אֲסוּרִין, בֵּין לִפְנֵיהֶם בֵּין לְאַחֲרֵיהֶם. שַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים — הֵם אֲסוּרִים, לִפְנֵיהֶן וּלְאַחֲרֵיהֶן מוּתָּרִין. מָה הֶפְרֵשׁ בֵּין זֶה לָזֶה? הַלָּלוּ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, וְאֵין דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה צְרִיכִין חִיזּוּק. הַלָּלוּ דִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, וְדִבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים צְרִיכִין חִיזּוּק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it is taught** in a *baraita*: **These days that are written in *Megillat Ta’anit* are** days on which fasting is **prohibited,** as are **both** the day **before them and** the day **after them.** With regard to ***Shabbatot* and Festivals,** fasting on **them is forbidden,** but on the day **before them and** the day **after them** fasting **is permitted. What is the difference between this** class of days **and that** class of days? **These** days, *Shabbatot* and Festivals, **are** by **Torah law, and Torah laws do not need reinforcement,** and therefore even if a fast day were decreed on the day before or after them, the Festival itself would not be nullified; whereas **those** days mentioned in *Megillat Ta’anit* **are** by **rabbinic law, and rabbinic laws need reinforcement,** and therefore fasting is prohibited even on the day before and the day after.


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:4
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:4)

וְתִיפּוֹק לֵיהּ דְּהָוֵה לֵיהּ יוֹם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי יוֹם שֶׁנֶּהֱרַג בּוֹ גְּדַלְיָה בֶּן אֲחִיקָם! אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: גְּדַלְיָה בֶּן אֲחִיקָם דִּבְרֵי קַבָּלָה הוּא, וְדִבְרֵי קַבָּלָה כְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה דָּמוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises yet another difficulty: The prohibition against fasting on the second of Tishrei, **derive it** from the fact that **it is the day before the day that Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, was killed,** and since in Temple times the fast of Gedaliah was celebrated as a festive day, fasting should also be prohibited on the preceding day. **Rav Ashi said:** The fast of **Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, is** derived from **the texts of the tradition,** i.e., Prophets and Writings, **and** as **the texts of the tradition are** treated **like Torah statements** for this purpose, they too do not need reinforcement.


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:5
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:5)

מֵתִיב רַב טוֹבִי בַּר מַתְנָה: בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּתְמָנְיָא בֵּיהּ אֲתָת בְּשׂוֹרְתָּא טָבְתָּא לִיהוּדָאֵי דְּלָא יְעִידוֹן מֵאוֹרָיְיתָא. שֶׁגָּזְרָה מַלְכוּת הָרְשָׁעָה גְּזֵרָה שֶׁלֹּא יַעַסְקוּ בַּתּוֹרָה, וְשֶׁלֹּא יָמוּלוּ אֶת בְּנֵיהֶם, וְשֶׁיְּחַלְּלוּ שַׁבָּתוֹת. מָה עָשָׂה יְהוּדָה בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ וַחֲבֵירָיו? הָלְכוּ וְנָטְלוּ עֵצָה מִמַּטְרוֹנִיתָא אַחַת שֶׁכׇּל גְּדוֹלֵי רוֹמִי מְצוּיִין אֶצְלָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Tovi bar Mattana raised an objection** against the opinion that *Megillat Ta’anit* was nullified, from that which is written in it: **On the twenty-eighth of** Adar the **good tidings came to the Jews that they should not turn away from the Torah,** and on that day fasting is forbidden. And this is explained: **For the wicked kingdom issued a decree against Israel that they should not occupy themselves with Torah** study, **and that they should not circumcise their sons, and that they should desecrate Shabbat. What did Yehuda ben Shammua and his colleagues do? They went and took advice from** a certain **matron [*matronita*] whom all the prominent men of Rome would visit regularly,** thinking that she would know how to annul the decree.


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:6
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:6)

אָמְרָה לָהֶם: בּוֹאוּ וְהַפְגִּינוּ בַּלַּיְלָה. הָלְכוּ וְהִפְגִּינוּ בַּלַּיְלָה, אָמְרוּ: אֵי שָׁמַיִם! לֹא אֲחֵיכֶם אֲנַחְנוּ, וְלֹא בְּנֵי אָב אֶחָד אֲנַחְנוּ, וְלֹא בְּנֵי אֵם אַחַת אֲנַחְנוּ? מָה נִשְׁתַּנֵּינוּ מִכׇּל אוּמָּה וְלָשׁוֹן שֶׁאַתֶּם גּוֹזְרִין עָלֵינוּ גְּזֵירוֹת קָשׁוֹת? וּבִיטְּלוּם. וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם עֲשָׂאוּהוּ יוֹם טוֹב. וְאִי סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ בָּטְלָה מְגִילַּת תַּעֲנִית — קַמָּיָיתָא בְּטוּל, אַחְרָנְיָיתָא מוֹסִיפִין?!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**She said to them** as follows: **Come and cry out [*hafgginu*] at night** in the streets and markets. **They went and cried out at night, saying: O Heavens! Are we** Jews **not your brothers; are we not children of one father; are we not children of one mother? How are we different from every** other **nation and tongue that you issue** such **harsh decrees against us? And** indeed the decrees **were annulled, and** the Sages **made that day a festive day. And if it enters your mind** to say that ***Megillat Ta’anit* has been nullified,** can you say that **the first** prohibitions against fasting **they annulled, and** then **later** ones **were added?**


###### Rosh Hashanah 19a:7
[Rosh Hashanah 19a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/19a:7)

וְכִי תֵּימָא הָכָא נָמֵי בִּזְמַן שֶׁבֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ קַיָּים — וְהָא יְהוּדָה בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ תַּלְמִידוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בָּתַר הָכִי הֲוָה! דִּתְנַן: כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית שֶׁנִּיקְּבוּ וְהִטִּיף לְתוֹכָן אֲבָר, אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: יְהוּדָה בֶּן שַׁמּוּעַ מְטַמֵּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי מֵאִיר,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you say that here too** it is referring to **the time when the Temple was standing,** there is a difficulty, **as Yehuda ben Shammua was a student of Rabbi Meir, and Rabbi Meir was after** the destruction of the Temple. And proof that Rabbi Yehuda ben Shammua was a student of Rabbi Meir may be brought, **as we learned** in a mishna: With regard to **glass vessels that had holes** in them, which afterward **were filled in with lead,** the Sages dispute whether the utensil is considered a whole utensil, which can become ritually impure, or whether it is considered a broken utensil, which does not. **Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said: Yehuda ben Shammua** declares that it **becomes impure, in the name of Rabbi Meir;**