## Rosh Hashanah Daf 4b

###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:1
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:1)

לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה רְגָלִים — עוֹבֵר בְּ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: שְׁלֹשָׁה רְגָלִים כְּסִדְרָן, וְחַג הַמַּצּוֹת תְּחִלָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
or for **gleanings, forgotten sheaves, or** produce of the **corner** of the field, three obligatory agricultural gifts that must be given to the poor, **once three Festivals have passed they transgress** the prohibition: **You shall not delay. Rabbi Shimon says:** These **three Festivals must be in their** proper **order, with the festival of Passover first.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:2
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:2)

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר עֲלֵיהֶן רֶגֶל אֶחָד — עוֹבֵר בְּ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר: כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבְרוּ עֲלֵיהֶן שְׁנֵי רְגָלִים — עוֹבֵר בְּ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר עֲלֵיהֶן חַג הַסּוּכּוֹת — עוֹבֵר עֲלֵיהֶן בְּ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Meir says: Once** even **one Festival has passed, one transgresses** the prohibition: **You shall not delay. Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov says: Once two Festivals have passed, one transgresses** the prohibition: **You shall not delay. Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, says: Once the festival of *Sukkot* has passed, one transgresses** the prohibition: **You shall not delay.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:3
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:3)

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּתַנָּא קַמָּא — מִכְּדֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ סָלֵיק, לְמָה לִי לְמֶהְדַּר וּמִיכְתַּב: ״בְּחַג הַמַּצּוֹת וּבְחַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת וּבְחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת״? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ לְ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara proceeds to explain the various opinions: **What is the rationale of the first *tanna*? Since** the entire chapter (Deuteronomy, chapter 16) **has just concluded** a discussion of the three pilgrimage Festivals, **why,** after stating: “Three times a year shall all your males appear before the Lord your God” (Deuteronomy 16:16), **do I** need the Torah to **write again: “On the festival of Passover, and on the festival of *Shavuot*, and on the festival of *Sukkot*;** and they shall not appear before the Lord empty-handed” (Deuteronomy 16:16)? Rather, **learn from here** that the verse comes to teach with regard to the *halakha* of: **You shall not delay,** that one does not transgress the prohibition unless these three Festivals have passed.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:4
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:4)

וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר ״בְּחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת״, שֶׁבּוֹ דִּיבֵּר הַכָּתוּב, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר — לוֹמַר שֶׁזֶּה אַחֲרוֹן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rabbi Shimon,** who said that one does not transgress the prohibition against delaying unless these three Festivals have passed in order, **says** in explanation of his opinion: **It was not necessary** for the verse **to say** again **“on the festival of *Sukkot*,” of which the** immediately preceding **text was speaking. Why,** then, **is it stated?** It is **to teach that this must be the last one,** i.e., that the three Festivals must pass in order, so that *Sukkot* is the last of the three.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:5
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:5)

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר — מַאי טַעְמָא? דִּכְתִיב: ״וּבָאתָ שָּׁמָּה ... וַהֲבֵאתֶם שָׁמָּה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rabbi Meir,** who says that one transgresses the prohibition against delaying as soon as one Festival has passed, **what is the rationale** for his opinion? It is **as it is written:** “But to the place which the Lord your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put His name there, there shall you seek Him, at his dwelling, **and there shall you come: And there you shall bring** your burnt-offerings and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and the offerings of your hand, and your vows, and your gift offerings, and the firstlings of your herds and your flocks” (Deuteronomy 12:5–6). This teaches that one transgresses the prohibition if he fails to bring the offerings for which he is liable as soon as the time has arrived that “there shall you come,” i.e., by the first Festival.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:6
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:6)

וְרַבָּנַן — הַהוּא לַעֲשֵׂה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And the Rabbis,** who say that one transgresses the prohibition against delaying only after three Festivals have passed, how do they understand this verse? The Gemara answers: In their opinion, **this** verse teaches that there is **a positive mitzva** to bring one’s vow-offerings on the first Festival; however, if one did not bring them, he has not transgressed the prohibition against delaying, although he has failed to perform the positive mitzva.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:7
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:7)

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר, כֵּיוָן דְּאָמַר לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא אַיְיתִי וְלָא אַיְיתִי — מִמֵּילָא קָם לֵיהּ בְּ״בַל תְּאַחֵר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** how does **Rabbi Meir** counter this argument? The Gemara answers: He would say that **since the Merciful One tells one to bring** the offering at that time **and he did not bring** it, **automatically he is liable for** transgressing the prohibition: **You shall not delay,** as he has missed the time set by the Torah.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:8
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:8)

וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב, מַאי טַעְמָא? דִּכְתִיב: ״אֵלֶּה תַּעֲשׂוּ לַה׳ בְּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם״ — מִיעוּט מוֹעֲדִים שְׁנַיִם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov,** who said that one transgresses the prohibition against delaying once two Festivals have passed, **what is the rationale** for his opinion? The Gemara explains: It is **as it is written: “These things you shall do to the Lord in your appointed times,** besides your vows, and your gift offerings, for your burnt-offerings, and for your meal-offerings, and for your drink-offerings, and for your peace-offerings” (Numbers 29:39). According to this verse, the time set for the bringing of vows is at the “appointed times,” and **the minimum** number **of appointed times** in the plural **is two.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:9
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:9)

וְרַבָּנַן — הַהוּא לְכִדְרַבִּי יוֹנָה. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָה: הוּקְשׁוּ כׇּל הַמּוֹעֲדִים כּוּלָּם זֶה לָזֶה, שֶׁכּוּלָּן מְכַפְּרִים עַל טוּמְאַת מִקְדָּשׁ וְקָדָשָׁיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** how do **the Rabbis** understand this verse? The Gemara explains: They say that the term “appointed times” is needed **for** the teaching of **Rabbi Yona, as Rabbi Yona said: All the Festivals are equated with each other,** insofar as all the goats brought as sin-offerings on the Festivals **atone for the impurity of the Temple and its sacred objects,** just like the goat brought as a sin-offering on the New Moon.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:10
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:10)

וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מַאי טַעְמָא? דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לֹא יֵאָמֵר ״חַג הַסּוּכּוֹת״, שֶׁבּוֹ דִּיבֵּר הַכָּתוּב, לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר — לוֹמַר שֶׁזֶּה גּוֹרֵם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks further: **And Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon,** who says that once the festival of *Sukkot* has passed one immediately transgresses the prohibition against delaying, **what is the rationale** for his opinion? The Gemara explains: It is **as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, says: It was not necessary for** the verse **to mention “the festival of *Sukkot*”** (Deuteronomy 16:16), **of which the** immediately preceding **text was speaking.** If so, **why is it stated?** It is **to say that this** Festival is what **causes** one to be considered late in fulfilling his vow, since by the end of the Festival he must bring all of his current vows to the Temple, whether he took his vow shortly before *Sukkot* or much earlier.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:11
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:11)

וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב: הַאי ״בְּחַג הַמַּצּוֹת וּבְחַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת וּבְחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת״ מַאי דָּרְשׁוּ בֵּיהּ? מִיבְּעֵי לְהוּ לְכִדְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא: מִנַּיִין לַעֲצֶרֶת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהּ תַּשְׁלוּמִין כׇּל שִׁבְעָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בְּחַג הַמַּצּוֹת וּבְחַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת וּבְחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת״, מַקִּישׁ חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת לְחַג הַמַּצּוֹת: מָה חַג הַמַּצּוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ תַּשְׁלוּמִין כׇּל שִׁבְעָה — אַף חַג הַשָּׁבוּעוֹת יֵשׁ לוֹ תַּשְׁלוּמִין כׇּל שִׁבְעָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov, what do they expound** from **this** verse: **“On the festival of Passover, and on the festival of *Shavuot*, and on the festival of *Sukkot*”?** The Gemara explains: **They require** this verse **for** the *halakha* **that Rabbi Elazar** said that **Rabbi Oshaya said, as Rabbi Elazar said** that **Rabbi Oshaya said: From where** is it derived **that the *Shavuot*** offering **has redress all seven** days, i.e., that if one failed to bring the Festival peace-offering on the Festival itself, he has six more days to bring it? **The verse states: “On the festival of Passover, and on the festival of *Shavuot*, and on the festival of *Sukkot*,”** thereby **equating the festival of *Shavuot* to the festival of Passover. Just as the festival of Passover has redress all seven** days, as Passover is seven days long, **so too, the festival of *Shavuot* has redress all seven** days, during the week following the festival of *Shavuot*.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:12
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:12)

וְלַיקִּשׁ לְחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת: מָה לְּהַלָּן שְׁמוֹנָה — אַף כָּאן שְׁמוֹנָה! שְׁמִינִי רֶגֶל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ הוּא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, **draw an analogy** from the festival of *Shavuot* **to the festival of *Sukkot*,** which is also mentioned in close proximity to it, and say: **Just as below,** on *Sukkot*, the offering may be brought for **eight** days, **so too, here,** on *Shavuot*, it should be possible to bring the offering for **eight** days. The Gemara rejects this suggestion: This is not so, as even on *Sukkot* the Festival peace-offering may be brought only for seven days, as **the eighth** day **is** a separate **Festival in and of itself.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:13
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:13)

אֵימוֹר דְּאָמְרִינַן שְׁמִינִי רֶגֶל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ לְעִנְיַן פָּזֵ״ר קָשֶׁ״ב, אֲבָל לְעִנְיַין תַּשְׁלוּמִין — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל תַּשְׁלוּמִין דְּרִאשׁוֹן הוּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a question: But **can’t you say that we say** that **the Eighth** Day of Assembly **is a Festival in and of itself** only **with regard to *peh*, *zayin*, *reish*, *kuf*, *shin*, *beit*,** an acronym that stands for six unique aspects to the Eighth Day of Assembly. **But with regard to the matter of redress** for failing to bring a Festival peace-offering, **everyone agrees** that the Eighth Day of Assembly is still a day of **redress for the first day** of the festival of *Sukkot*.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:14
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:14)

דִּתְנַן: מִי שֶׁלֹּא חָג יוֹם טוֹב הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁל חַג — חוֹגֵג אֶת כָּל הָרֶגֶל וְיוֹם טוֹב הָאַחֲרוֹן שֶׁל חַג.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As we learned** in a mishna: **If one did not bring** his **Festival peace-offering on the first day of the festival** of *Sukkot*, **he may** still **bring** the **Festival peace-offering during all of the Festival and** even on **the last day of the Festival,** as the Eighth Day of Assembly is regarded as part of *Sukkot* for this purpose. If so, perhaps the festival of *Shavuot* can be compared to the festival of *Sukkot* such that the Festival peace-offering of *Shavuot* may also be brought for eight days.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:15
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:15)

תָּפַשְׂתָּ מְרוּבֶּה — לֹא תָּפַשְׂתָּ, תָּפַשְׂתָּ מוּעָט — תָּפַשְׂתָּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It is preferable to equate *Shavuot* to Passover and not to *Sukkot* due to the general principle: **If you grasped many, you did not grasp anything; if you grasped few, you grasped something.** That is to say, in a case of doubt, choose the smaller number, as it is included within the larger number.


###### Rosh Hashanah 4b:16
[Rosh Hashanah 4b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/4b:16)

אֶלָּא לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא כַּתְבֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְחַג הַסּוּכּוֹת? לְאַקּוֹשֵׁיהּ לְחַג הַמַּצּוֹת:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** if so, **with regard to what *halakha* did the Merciful One write the festival of *Sukkot*** in this verse? The Gemara explains: It is **to draw an analogy** from *Sukkot* **to the festival of Passover** with regard to a different issue: