## Rosh Hashanah Daf 7b

###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:1
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:1)

לֹא יִמְסְרֵם לַצִּבּוּר יָפֶה יָפֶה, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**he will not transfer them over to the public without reservation,** and in his heart he will hold on to them as his own, therefore the *baraita* **teaches us** that this is not a matter of concern.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:2
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:2)

וְתַנָּא דִּידַן? כֵּיוָן דְּקָתָנֵי: אִם הֵבִיא יָצָא — לָא פְּסִיקָא לֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** why didn’t **the *tanna*** of **our** mishna count the first of Nisan as the New Year for shekels? The Gemara answers: The *tanna* of the mishna lists only definite New Years. **Since it is taught: If one brought** them from the old contribution, **he has fulfilled** his obligation, **he could not state** this New Year as **a definite** rule, and so he did not teach it.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:3
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:3)

וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: אַף לִשְׂכִירוּת בָּתִּים. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הַמַּשְׂכִּיר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ לְשָׁנָה — מוֹנֶה שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חוֹדֶשׁ מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם. וְאִם אָמַר ״לְשָׁנָה זוֹ״, אֲפִילּוּ לֹא עָמַד אֶלָּא בְּאֶחָד בַּאֲדָר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ יוֹם אֶחָד בְּנִיסָן — עָלְתָה לוֹ שָׁנָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ It was taught in the *baraita*: **And some say** that the first of Nisan is **also** the New Year **for** the **renting of houses. The Sages taught** the following *baraita*: **If one rents out a house to another** person **for a year, he counts twelve months from day to day. But if he said** that he was renting it **for this year,** then **even if** the agreement **was made only on the first of Adar, once the first of Nisan arrived** one month later, **it is counted as a year,** and the rental contract comes to end.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:4
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:4)

וַאֲפִילּוּ לְמַאן דְּאָמַר יוֹם אֶחָד בַּשָּׁנָה חָשׁוּב שָׁנָה — שָׁאנֵי הָכָא, דְּלָא טָרַח אִינִישׁ לְמֵיגַר בֵּיתָא לִבְצִיר מִתְּלָתִין יוֹמִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **Even according to the one who said** that **one day in a year is considered a year, it is different here,** with regard to rental *halakhot*, **as a person does not take the trouble to rent a house for less than thirty days.** Therefore, if one rented a house after the first of Adar, the remaining days of Adar are not considered a full year.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:5
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:5)

וְאֵימָא תִּשְׁרִי? סְתָם כִּי אָגַר אִינִישׁ בֵּיתָא — לְכוּלְּהוּ יְמוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים אָגַר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But** why not **say** that the first of **Tishrei** is the New Year for the renting of houses, and so if one rents a house for a year in the summer the year would come to an end in Tishrei? The Gemara answers: **A person who rents a house without specification** intends to **rent** it **for all of the rainy season,** until Nisan, when the rainy season comes to a close.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:6
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:6)

וְתַנָּא קַמָּא דְּבָרַיְיתָא, וְתַנָּא דִּידַן? בְּנִיסָן נָמֵי מִישְׁכָּח שְׁכִיחִי קִיטְרֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** why didn’t **the first *tanna* of the *baraita* and the *tanna*** of **our** mishna include the first of Nisan as the New Year for the renting of houses? They hold that **even in Nisan it is common** that the sky becomes **covered with clouds** and rain falls. Therefore, one who rents a house does not have in mind to rent it only until the first of Nisan, as presumably he does not want to find himself in a situation where he is homeless when it is still raining.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:7
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:7)

בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה. מַנִּי — רַבִּי מֵאִיר הִיא. דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: בְּאֶחָד בֶּאֱלוּל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The mishna states: **On the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes.** The Gemara comments: **Who is** the author of the opinion cited in this mishna? **It is Rabbi Meir, as it is taught** in a mishna that **Rabbi Meir says: On the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:8
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:8)

וְלָרְגָלִים. מַנִּי — רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הִיא. אֵימָא סֵיפָא, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמְרִים: בְּאֶחָד בְּתִשְׁרִי. רֵישָׁא וְסֵיפָא רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וּמְצִיעֲתָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And** with regard to **the Festivals,** i.e., that the first of Nisan is the New Year for Festivals, **who is** the author of the opinion cited in the mishna? **It is Rabbi Shimon,** who holds that one transgresses the prohibition against delaying only if the three Festivals have passed in their proper order, with Passover first. **Say the last clause** of the mishna, which states that **Rabbi Elazar and Rabbi Shimon say:** The New Year for animal tithes is **on the first of Tishrei.** Can it be that **the first clause and the last clause** follow the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon, while the middle clause** relating to animal tithes follows the opinion of **Rabbi Meir?**


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:9
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:9)

אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: רַבִּי הִיא, וְנָסֵיב לַהּ אַלִּיבָּא דְּתַנָּאֵי. בִּרְגָלִים סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וּבְמַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yosef said:** The entire mishna **is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **and he takes** the mishna **according to** the opinions of different ***tanna’im*. With regard to the Festivals, he holds in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon, while with regard to animal tithes he holds in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Meir.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:10
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:10)

אִי הָכִי, אַרְבָּעָה? חֲמִשָּׁה הָווּ! אָמַר רָבָא: אַרְבָּעָה לְדִבְרֵי הַכֹּל; לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר אַרְבָּעָה — דַּל רְגָלִים, לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אַרְבָּעָה — דַּל מַעְשַׂר בְּהֵמָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara raises a difficulty: **If so,** how are there **four** New Years? If the *tanna* of the mishna holds that the first of Elul is the New Year for animal tithes, **there are five** New Years: The first of Nisan, the fifteenth of Nisan, the first of Elul, the first of Tishrei, and the fifteenth of Shevat. **Rava said: There are** only **four** New Years **according to each opinion:** There are **four according to Rabbi Meir,** who **removes** the New Year for **Festivals,** as according to him there is no fixed time from which to begin counting the Festivals. **According to Rabbi Shimon’s** opinion as well there are **four** New Years, for he **removes** the New Year for **animal tithes,** as according to him it is on the first of Tishrei, which is already listed.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:11
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:11)

רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר: אַרְבָּעָה חֳדָשִׁים וּבָהֶן כַּמָּה רָאשֵׁי שָׁנִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said** an alternative answer: The mishna is to be understood as follows: There are **four months in which there are several New Years,** since in Nisan, according to Rabbi Meir, there are two New Years: For kings on the first and for Festivals on the fifteenth.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:12
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:12)

מֵיתִיבִי: שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בְּנִיסָן — רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לָעוֹמֶר. שִׁשָּׁה בְּסִיוָן — רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לִשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם. לְרָבָא לִיתְנֵי שִׁשָּׁה, לְרַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק לִיתְנֵי חֲמִשָּׁה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara **raises an objection** from the following *baraita*: **The sixteenth of Nisan is the New Year for the *omer*** offering, as from this date onward it is permitted to eat from the new crop of grain. **The sixth of Sivan is the New Year for the two loaves,** i.e., the public offering of two loaves from the new wheat brought on *Shavuot*, as from this day onward it is permitted to sacrifice meal-offerings in the Temple from the new grain. If so, **according to Rava, let** the mishna **teach** that there are **six** New Years, including the sixteenth of Nisan and the sixth of Sivan, and **according to Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak let it teach** that there are **five** New Years, since Sivan is a month in which there is a New Year.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:13
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:13)

אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: כִּי קָא חָשֵׁיב — מִידֵּי דְּחָיֵיל מֵאוּרְתָּא. מִידֵּי דְּלָא חָיֵיל מֵאוּרְתָּא — לָא קָא חָשֵׁיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said: When** the *tanna* of the mishna **counts** New Years, he counts only **those that begin in the evening; those that do not begin in the evening he does not count.** Since the New Years associated with the *omer* and the two loaves do not begin in the evening but only from the time that they are sacrificed, he does not include them.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:14
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:14)

וַהֲרֵי רְגָלִים, דְּלָא חָיְילִי מֵאוּרְתָּא, וְקָחָשֵׁיב! כֵּיוָן שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לְאֵיתוֹיֵי מֵעִיקָּרָא, מִיחַיַּיב וְקָאֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But there is** the New Year for **Festivals, which does not begin in the evening,** as the prohibition against delaying is not transgressed in the evening, when the Festival begins, but only in the morning, after the daily offering has been brought and one is able to bring the vowed animal to the altar, **and** nevertheless the *tanna* **counts** it. The Gemara answers: **Since he had to bring** his vow by the Festival, **he stands liable from the beginning** of the Festival for transgressing the prohibition against delaying.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:15
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:15)

וַהֲרֵי יוֹבְלוֹת, דְּלָא חָיְילִי מֵאוּרְתָּא, וְקָחָשֵׁיב! רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא הִיא, דְּאָמַר: מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה חָיֵיל יוֹבֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks further: **But there is** the New Year for **the Jubilee, which does not begin in the evening** but from the time of the *shofar* blast on Yom Kippur during the day, **and** nevertheless the *tanna* **counts** it. The Gemara answers: The mishna **is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, who said** that **the Jubilee Year begins on Rosh HaShana,** and the blowing of the *shofar* merely completes the release of the slaves. Therefore, the New Year for the Jubilee is included.


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:16
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:16)

רַב שִׁישָׁא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אִידִי אָמַר: כִּי קָא חָשֵׁיב — מִידֵּי דְּלָא תְּלֵי בְּמַעֲשֶׂה, מִידֵּי דִּתְלֵי בְּמַעֲשֶׂה — לָא קָא חָשֵׁיב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Sheisha, son of Rav Idi, said** a different explanation for why the New Year for the *omer* offering and the New Year for the two loaves are not mentioned in the mishna: **When** the *tanna* of the mishna **counts** New Years, he counts only **those that do not depend upon an action; those that depend upon an action,** e.g., the offering of the *omer* or the two loaves, **he does not count.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 7b:17
[Rosh Hashanah 7b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/7b:17)

וַהֲרֵי רְגָלִים, מִידֵּי דִּתְלֵי בְּמַעֲשֶׂה, וְקָא חָשֵׁיב! ״בַּל תְּאַחֵר״ מִמֵּילָא חָיֵיל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **But there is** the New Year for **the Festivals, which depends upon an action,** i.e., the sacrifice of the daily offering, since no offering may be brought before the daily offering, **and** nevertheless the *tanna* **counts** it. The Gemara answers: This is not so, as the transgression of the prohibition: **You shall not delay,** does not depend upon anything else; rather, it **begins on its own** as soon as the Festival begins.