## Rosh Hashanah Daf 9a

###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:1
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:1)

וְרַבָּנַן? שְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים אַתָּה מוֹנֶה, וְאִי אַתָּה מוֹנֶה שְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים וְאַחַת — לְאַפּוֹקֵי מִדְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה, דְּאָמַר: שְׁנַת חֲמִשִּׁים עוֹלָה לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דְּלָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Rabbis,** who do not require an additional verse to derive that the Jubilee Year does not extend until Yom Kippur of the fifty-first year, derive this *halakha* from the verse: **You count the fiftieth year** as the Jubilee Year alone, **but you do not count the fiftieth year** as the Jubilee Year **and** also as the **first** year of the next Sabbatical cycle. This *halakha* comes **to exclude** the opinion **of Rabbi Yehuda, who said** that **the fiftieth year is counted for here and for there,** both as the Jubilee Year and also as the first year of the next Sabbatical cycle. Lest someone think that that is the case, **therefore, the verse teaches us that** this is **not** so; rather, the fiftieth year is the Jubilee Year, and the following year is the first year of the next Sabbatical cycle.


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:2
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:2)

וּדְמוֹסִיפִין מֵחוֹל עַל קֹדֶשׁ מְנָלַן?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ Apropos of the discussion of extending the Jubilee year, the Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive the principle **that** one **extends** a sanctified time period by **adding from the profane to the sacred** at both ends?


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:3
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:3)

דְּתַנְיָא: ״בֶּחָרִישׁ וּבַקָּצִיר תִּשְׁבּוֹת״, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר חָרִישׁ וְקָצִיר שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר ״שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרָע וְגוֹ׳״. אֶלָּא חָרִישׁ שֶׁל עֶרֶב שְׁבִיעִית הַנִּכְנָס לִשְׁבִיעִית, וְקָצִיר שֶׁל שְׁבִיעִית הַיּוֹצֵא לְמוֹצָאֵי שְׁבִיעִית.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it is taught** in a *baraita*: The verse states: **“In plowing and in harvest you shall rest”** (Exodus 34:21). **Rabbi Akiva says: It is unnecessary to state** this **about plowing and harvesting during the Sabbatical Year, as it is already stated:** “But in the seventh year shall be a Shabbat of solemn rest for the land, a Shabbat for the Lord; **you shall neither sow your field,** nor prune your vineyard” (Leviticus 25:4). **Rather,** the verse: “In plowing and in harvest you shall rest,” is referring to **plowing in the year preceding the Sabbatical Year going into the Sabbatical Year,** i.e., plowing in the sixth year that will benefit the crops growing in the Sabbatical Year, **and** about **harvesting of the Sabbatical Year going into the year that follows the Sabbatical Year,** i.e., harvesting grain that grew in the Sabbatical Year in the eighth year. This teaches that there is a requirement to add extra time to the sanctity of the Sabbatical Year, and not work the land both before and after.


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:4
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:4)

רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: מָה חָרִישׁ רְשׁוּת — אַף קָצִיר רְשׁוּת, יָצָא קְצִיר הָעוֹמֶר שֶׁהוּא מִצְוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **Rabbi Yishmael says** that the verse: “In plowing and in harvest you shall rest,” is not referring to the prohibition against farming the land before and after the Sabbatical Year as Rabbi Akiva explains. He explains that the reason that the verse mentions these two particular forms of labor is to teach that **just as** the type of **plowing** that is prohibited during the Sabbatical Year **is** an otherwise **voluntary** act, as plowing is never required by the Torah, **so too,** the **harvesting** that is prohibited during that year **is** only **voluntary** harvesting. This comes **to exclude the harvesting of the *omer*** from the prohibition, **as it is a mitzva.** The barley for the *omer* must be harvested on the sixteenth of Nisan. Consequently, it is permitted to harvest the *omer* even during the Sabbatical Year.


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:5
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:5)

וְרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל מוֹסִיפִין מֵחוֹל עַל קֹדֶשׁ מְנָא לֵיהּ? נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מִדְּתַנְיָא: ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם בְּתִשְׁעָה״. יָכוֹל בְּתִשְׁעָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בָּעֶרֶב״, אִי ״בָּעֶרֶב״ יָכוֹל מִשֶּׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בְּתִשְׁעָה״. הָא כֵּיצַד? מַתְחִיל וּמִתְעַנֶּה מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם — מְלַמֵּד שֶׁמּוֹסִיפִין מֵחוֹל עַל קֹדֶשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: If so, **from where does Rabbi Yishmael** derive this principle **that** one **extends** a sacred time period by **adding from the profane to the sacred** both before and after? The Gemara answers: **He derives it from** that **which is taught** in a *baraita*: The verse states, in reference to Yom Kippur: **“And you shall afflict your souls on the ninth of the month** in the evening” (Leviticus 23:32). One **might** have thought that one must begin to fast the entire day **on the ninth** of the month. **Therefore, the verse states: “In the evening.”** But **if** it is so that Yom Kippur begins **in the evening,** one **might** have thought that one need only begin to fast **from when it is dark,** after nightfall, when the tenth day of the month begins. **Therefore, the verse states: “On the ninth.” How so;** how is this to be accomplished? **One begins to fast** on the ninth of the month **while it is still day. This teaches that one** extends a sacred time period by **adding** at the beginning **from the profane to the sacred.**


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:6
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:6)

אֵין לִי אֶלָּא בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ, בִּיצִיאָתוֹ מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״מֵעֶרֶב עַד עֶרֶב״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
From here **I have** derived **only** that this addition is made **at the beginning** of Yom Kippur. But **from where** do I derive that a similar addition is made **at the end of** Yom Kippur? **The verse states: “From evening to evening** shall you rest on your Shabbat” (Leviticus 23:32), which teaches that just as Yom Kippur is extended at the beginning, so too, it is extended at the end.


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:7
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:7)

אֵין לִי אֶלָּא יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שַׁבָּתוֹת מִנַּיִן — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תִּשְׁבְּתוּ״. יָמִים טוֹבִים מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״שַׁבַּתְּכֶם״. הָא כֵּיצַד? כׇּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁבוּת — מוֹסִיפִין מֵחוֹל עַל קֹדֶשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
From here **I have** derived **only** that an extension is added to **Yom Kippur. From where** is it derived that one must also extend **Shabbat? The verse states: “You shall rest [*tishbetu*],”** which is referring to Yom Kippur but alludes to Shabbat. **From where** do I know that the same applies to **Festivals? The verse states: “Your Shabbat [*shabbatkhem*],”** your day of rest. **How so? Wherever there is** a mitzva of **resting,** be it Shabbat or a Festival, **one adds from the profane to the sacred,** extending the sacred time at both ends.


###### Rosh Hashanah 9a:8
[Rosh Hashanah 9a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Rosh%20Hashanah/r/9a:8)

וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הַאי ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם בְּתִשְׁעָה״ מַאי עָבֵיד לֵיהּ! מִיבְּעֵי לֵיהּ לְכִדְתָנֵי חִיָּיא בַּר רַב מִדִּפְתִּי. דְּתָנֵי חִיָּיא בַּר רַב מִדִּפְתִּי: ״וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת נַפְשׁוֹתֵיכֶם בְּתִשְׁעָה״ וְכִי בְּתִשְׁעָה מִתְעַנִּין? וַהֲלֹא בַּעֲשִׂירִי מִתְעַנִּין! אֶלָּא לוֹמַר לְךָ: כָּל הָאוֹכֵל וְשׁוֹתֶה בִּתְשִׁיעִי, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And Rabbi Akiva,** who learns that one adds from the profane to the sacred from the verse dealing with the Sabbatical Year, **what does he do with** this verse: **“And you shall afflict your souls on the ninth** of the month in the evening”? The Gemara answers: **He requires it for** that **which was taught by Ḥiyya bar Rav of Difti, as Ḥiyya bar Rav of Difti taught** the following *baraita*: The verse states: **“And you shall afflict your souls on the ninth** of the month.” **Is the fasting on the ninth? But isn’t the fasting on** Yom Kippur on **the tenth** of Tishrei? **Rather,** this verse comes **to teach you: Whoever eats and drinks on the ninth,** thereby preparing himself for the fast on the next day, **the verse ascribes him** credit