## Sanhedrin Daf 58a

###### Sanhedrin 58a:1
[Sanhedrin 58a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:1)

שֶׁהָיְתָה הוֹרָתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בִּקְדוּשָּׁה, וְלֵידָתוֹ בִּקְדוּשָּׁה – יֵשׁ לוֹ שְׁאֵר הָאֵם, וְאֵין לוֹ שְׁאֵר הָאָב.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**who was not conceived in sanctity,** as his parents were still gentiles, **but his birth was in sanctity,** as his mother converted before his birth, **he has maternal kinship,** i.e., his relationship to his mother’s relatives is recognized, **but he does not have paternal kinship.**


###### Sanhedrin 58a:2
[Sanhedrin 58a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:2)

הָא כֵּיצַד? נָשָׂא אֲחוֹתוֹ מִן הָאֵם – יוֹצִיא, מִן הָאָב – יְקַיֵּים. אֲחוֹת הָאָב מִן הָאֵם – יוֹצִיא, מִן הָאָב – יְקַיֵּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**How so?** If **he married his maternal half sister,** who was born before him and converted, **he must divorce** her. Although by Torah law they are considered unrelated, as a convert is considered to be reborn and all his previous family relationships are disregarded according to *halakha*, the Sages prohibited their marriage, lest he think that as a Jew it is permitted for him to engage in behaviors that were previously forbidden to him. If she is his **paternal** half sister, **he may maintain** her as his wife, as it is permitted for a gentile to marry his paternal half sister. If he married his **father’s maternal half sister, he must divorce her.** If he married his father’s **paternal** half sister, **he may maintain** her as his wife.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:3
[Sanhedrin 58a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:3)

אֲחוֹת הָאֵם מִן הָאֵם – יוֹצִיא. אֲחוֹת הָאֵם מִן הָאָב, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: יוֹצִיא, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יְקַיֵּים. שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: כׇּל עֶרְוָה שֶׁהִיא מִשּׁוּם שְׁאֵר אֵם – יוֹצִיא, מִשּׁוּם שְׁאֵר הָאָב – יְקַיֵּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
If she is his **mother’s maternal half sister, he must divorce** her. If she is his **mother’s paternal half sister, Rabbi Meir says he must divorce** her, **and the Rabbis say he may maintain** her as his wife. **As Rabbi Meir would say:** With regard to **any forbidden relative who is** forbidden **due to maternal kinship,** whether the woman is his paternal relative, e.g., his father’s maternal half sister, or his maternal relative, **he must divorce** her; whereas if she is forbidden **due to paternal kinship, he may maintain** her as his wife.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:4
[Sanhedrin 58a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:4)

וּמוּתָּר בְּאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו, וּבְאֵשֶׁת אֲחִי אָבִיו, וּשְׁאָר כׇּל עֲרָיוֹת מוּתָּרוֹת לוֹ. לְאֵתוֹיֵי אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** according to all opinions, he is **permitted to** marry **his brother’s wife and his father’s brother’s wife, and all other** relatives **with whom relations are forbidden** in the case of born Jew **are** also **permitted to him.** The expression: And all other relatives with whom relations are forbidden, is added **to include his father’s wife,** who is permitted to him if she was widowed or divorced from his father.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:5
[Sanhedrin 58a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:5)

נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה וּבִתָּהּ, כּוֹנֵס אַחַת וּמוֹצִיא אַחַת. וּלְכַתְּחִילָּה לֹא יִכְנוֹס. מֵתָה אִשְׁתּוֹ, מוּתָּר בַּחֲמוֹתוֹ. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: אָסוּר בַּחֲמוֹתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to a gentile who **married a woman and her daughter** and they all converted, **he may marry one but must divorce** the other **one; and he should not marry** the second of them ***ab initio*.** If **his wife,** the daughter, **died,** he is **permitted to** maintain **his mother-in-law** as his wife. **And some say** that he is **prohibited from** maintaining **his mother-in-law.** In any event, Rabbi Meir clearly holds that several forbidden relationships for which a Jew is not liable to receive capital punishment, but only *karet*, are forbidden to descendants of Noah as well, namely, intercourse with one’s sister or one’s parent’s sister.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:6
[Sanhedrin 58a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:6)

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: לָא קַשְׁיָא, הָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, וְהָא רַבִּי מֵאִיר אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Yehuda says:** This is **not difficult; this** *baraita* cites the statement of **Rabbi Meir according to** the opinion **of Rabbi Eliezer, and that** previously mentioned *baraita* cites the statement of **Rabbi Meir according to** the opinion **of Rabbi Akiva.**


###### Sanhedrin 58a:7
[Sanhedrin 58a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:7)

דְּתַנְיָא: ״עַל כֵּן יַעֲזׇב אִישׁ אֶת אָבִיו וְאֶת אִמּוֹ״. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: ״אָבִיו״ – אֲחוֹת אָבִיו, ״אִמּוֹ״ – אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: ״אָבִיו״ – אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו, ״אִמּוֹ״ – אִמּוֹ מַמָּשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it is taught** in a *baraita* with regard to the verse: **“Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother,** and shall cleave to his wife, and they shall be one flesh” (Genesis 2:24), that **Rabbi Eliezer says: “His father”** is referring to **his father’s sister,** i.e., one must abandon the possibility of marrying his father’s sister and marry someone else. **“His mother”** is referring to **his mother’s sister. Rabbi Akiva says: “His father”** is referring to **his father’s wife; “his mother”** is referring to **his mother, literally.**


###### Sanhedrin 58a:8
[Sanhedrin 58a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:8)

״וְדָבַק״ – וְלֹא בְּזָכָר. ״בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ״ – וְלֹא בְּאֵשֶׁת חֲבֵירוֹ. ״וְהָיוּ לְבָשָׂר אֶחָד״ – מִי שֶׁנַּעֲשִׂים בָּשָׂר אֶחָד, יָצְאוּ בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה שֶׁאֵין נַעֲשִׂין בָּשָׂר אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**“And shall cleave** to his wife,” **but not to a male;** such a relationship is not defined as cleaving. **“To his wife,” but not to the wife of another** man. **“And they shall be one flesh”** indicates that he should marry one of **those** with **whom** he can **become one flesh,** i.e., they can bear children together. This **excludes domesticated and undomesticated animals,** with which one is prohibited from engaging in bestiality, **as they do not become one flesh.** All these are forbidden to the descendants of Noah.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:9
[Sanhedrin 58a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:9)

אָמַר מָר: רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר ״אָבִיו״ – אֲחוֹת אָבִיו. אֵימָא: אָבִיו מַמָּשׁ? הַיְינוּ ״וְדָבַק״, וְלֹא בְּזָכָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ **The Master said** in this *baraita* that **Rabbi Eliezer says: “His father”** is referring to **his father’s sister.** The Gemara asks: Why not **say** that it is referring to **his father, literally,** prohibiting homosexual intercourse with one’s father? The Gemara answers: **This** prohibition **is** derived from another phrase in the verse: **“And shall cleave** to his wife,” **but not to a male;** this includes his father.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:10
[Sanhedrin 58a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:10)

אֵימָא: אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו? הַיְינוּ ״בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ״ וְלֹא בְּאֵשֶׁת חֲבֵירוֹ. אֵימָא: לְאַחַר מִיתָה? דּוּמְיָא דְּאִמּוֹ: מָה אִמּוֹ דְּלָאו אִישׁוּת, אַף אָבִיו דְּלָאו אִישׁוּת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: Why not **say** that “his father” is referring to **his father’s wife?** The Gemara answers: **This** prohibition **is** derived from the term **“to his wife,” but not to the wife of another** man. The Gemara asks: Why not **say** that it is referring to his father’s wife **after** his father’s **death,** when she is no longer a married woman? The Gemara answers: The term “his father” is interpreted in a way that is **similar to** the interpretation of the term **“his mother.” Just as his mother is not** forbidden due to her **marriage** to his father, but rather due to her relationship to him, **so too,** the term **“his father”** is **not** referring to a relative who is forbidden to him due to her **marriage.**


###### Sanhedrin 58a:11
[Sanhedrin 58a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:11)

״אִמּוֹ״ – אֲחוֹת אִמּוֹ. וְאֵימָא אִמּוֹ מַמָּשׁ? הַיְינוּ בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ וְלֹא בְּאֵשֶׁת חֲבֵירוֹ. וְאֵימָא לְאַחַר מִיתָה? דּוּמְיָא דְּאָבִיו: מָה אָבִיו דְּלָאו מַמָּשׁ, אַף אִמּוֹ דְּלָאו מַמָּשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Eliezer says that **“his mother”** is referring to **his mother’s sister.** The Gemara asks: **But** why not **say** that it is referring to **his mother, literally?** The Gemara answers: **This** prohibition **is** derived from the term **“to his wife,” but not to the wife of another** man; and his mother is his father’s wife. The Gemara asks: **But** why not **say** that it is referring to his mother **after** his father’s **death,** when she is no longer married? The Gemara answers: The term “his mother” is interpreted in a way that is **similar to** the interpretation of the term **“his father.” Just as** the term **“his father” is not** interpreted **literally, so too,** the term **“his mother” is not** interpreted **literally.**


###### Sanhedrin 58a:12
[Sanhedrin 58a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:12)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: ״אָבִיו״ – אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו. וְאֵימָא: אָבִיו מַמָּשׁ? הַיְינוּ ״וְדָבַק״ – וְלֹא בְּזָכָר. אִי הָכִי, אֵשֶׁת אָבִיו נָמֵי הַיְינוּ ״בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ״ וְלֹא בְּאֵשֶׁת חֲבֵרוֹ! לְאַחַר מִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Akiva says: “His father”** is referring to **his father’s wife.** The Gemara asks: **But** why not **say** it is referring to **his father, literally?** The Gemara answers: **That** prohibition **is** derived from the term **“and shall cleave** to his wife,” **but not to a male.** The Gemara challenges: **If so,** the prohibition of **his father’s wife is also** derived from another term: **“To his wife,” but not to the wife of another** man. The Gemara explains: The term “to his wife” is referring to his father’s wife **after** his father’s **death,** when she is no longer married.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:13
[Sanhedrin 58a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:13)

״אִמּוֹ״ – אִמּוֹ מַמָּשׁ. הַיְינוּ ״בְּאִשְׁתּוֹ״ וְלֹא בְּאֵשֶׁת חֲבֵרוֹ! אִמּוֹ מֵאֲנוּסָתוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rabbi Akiva says: **“His mother”** is referring to **his mother, literally.** The Gemara challenges: **That** prohibition **is** derived from the term **“to his wife,” but not to the wife of another** man. The Gemara explains: According to Rabbi Akiva, the term “his mother” is referring to **his mother whom** his father **raped,** i.e., she was never his father’s wife.


###### Sanhedrin 58a:14
[Sanhedrin 58a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/58a:14)

בְּמַאי קָא מִיפַּלְגִי? רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר סָבַר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**With regard to what** principle **do** Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Akiva **disagree? Rabbi Eliezer holds**