## Sanhedrin Daf 60b

###### Sanhedrin 60b:1
[Sanhedrin 60b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:1)

**מַתְנִי׳** הָעוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה: אֶחָד הָעוֹבֵד, וְאֶחָד הַמְזַבֵּחַ, וְאֶחָד הַמְקַטֵּר, וְאֶחָד הַמְנַסֵּךְ, וְאֶחָד הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶה, וְאֶחָד הַמְקַבְּלוֹ עָלָיו לֶאֱלוֹהַּ, וְהָאוֹמֵר לוֹ ״אֵלִי אַתָּה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** **One who worships idols** is executed by stoning. This includes **one who worships** an idol, **and one who slaughters** an animal as an idolatrous offering, **and one who burns** incense as an idolatrous offering, **and one who pours a libation** in idol worship, **and one who bows** to an idol, **and one who** declares that he **accepts** an idol **upon himself as a god, and one who says to** an idol: **You are my god.**


###### Sanhedrin 60b:2
[Sanhedrin 60b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:2)

אֲבָל הַמְגַפֵּף, וְהַמְנַשֵּׁק, וְהַמְכַבֵּד, וְהַמְרַבֵּץ, וְהַמְרַחֵץ, וְהַסָּךְ, וְהַמַּלְבִּישׁ, וְהַמַּנְעִיל – עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה. הַנּוֹדֵר בִּשְׁמוֹ, וְהַמְקַיֵּים בִּשְׁמוֹ – עוֹבֵר בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**But** with regard to **one who hugs** an idol, **or one who kisses** it, **or one who cleans** it, **or one who sprays** water before it, **or one who washes** it, **or one who rubs** it with oil, **or one who dresses** it, **or one who puts its shoes on** it, he **transgresses a prohibition** but is not liable to receive capital punishment. With regard to **one who vows in** an idol’s **name and one who affirms** his statement by an oath **in its name,** he **transgresses a prohibition.**


###### Sanhedrin 60b:3
[Sanhedrin 60b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:3)

הַפּוֹעֵר עַצְמוֹ לְבַעַל פְּעוֹר – זוֹ הִיא עֲבוֹדָתָהּ. הַזּוֹרֵק אֶבֶן לְמַרְקוּלִיס – זוֹ הִיא עֲבוֹדָתָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**One who defecates before** the idol known as **Ba’al-Peor** is liable to receive capital punishment, even though defecating is a degrading act, as **that is its** form of **worship.** Likewise, **one who throws a stone at Mercury** is liable to receive capital punishment, as **that is its** form of **worship.**


###### Sanhedrin 60b:4
[Sanhedrin 60b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:4)

**גְּמָ׳** מַאי ״אֶחָד הָעוֹבֵד״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **What** is added in the mishna by stating the phrase: **One who worships?** Since worship is the general description of all the actions detailed in the mishna, why is this phrase necessary?


###### Sanhedrin 60b:5
[Sanhedrin 60b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:5)

אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: הָכִי קָאָמַר, אֶחָד הָעוֹבֵד כְּדַרְכָּהּ, וְאֶחָד הַמְזַבֵּחַ, וְאֶחָד הַמְקַטֵּר, וְאֶחָד הַמְנַסֵּךְ, וְאֶחָד הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוֶה, וַאֲפִילּוּ שֶׁלֹּא כְּדַרְכָּהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yirmeya says** that **this** is what the mishna **is saying: One who worships** an idol **in its** typical **manner** of worship is liable to be executed; **and** furthermore, **one who slaughters** an animal as an idolatrous offering, **and one who burns** incense, **and one who pours** a libation, **and the one who bows** to an idol are all liable to be executed, **and** this applies **even** if this manner of worship is **not** the idol’s typical **manner** of worship. Even if the idol in question is not typically worshipped in these ways, these specific acts are still considered idol worship because these are the ways in which God is worshipped in the Temple.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:6
[Sanhedrin 60b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:6)

וְלִיחְשׁוֹב נָמֵי זוֹרֵק? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: זוֹרֵק הַיְינוּ מְנַסֵּךְ, דִּכְתִיב ״בַּל אַסִּיךְ נִסְכֵּיהֶם מִדָּם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara suggests: **And let** the mishna **also count sprinkling** the blood of an offering, which is also one of the sacrificial rites in the Temple. **Abaye says: Sprinkling** the blood of an offering **is** the same as **pouring** a libation, since they are essentially one sacrificial rite, **as it is written: “I will not pour their libations of blood”** (Psalms 16:4), indicating that sprinkling the blood of an offering is also referred to as offering a libation.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:7
[Sanhedrin 60b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:7)

מְנָהָנֵי מִילֵּי?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara asks with regard to the *halakha* that one is liable for worshipping an idol in these manners even if they are not the way the idol is typically worshipped: **From where are these matters** derived?


###### Sanhedrin 60b:8
[Sanhedrin 60b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:8)

דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: אִילּוּ נֶאֱמַר ״זֹבֵחַ יׇחֳרָם״, הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר בְּזוֹבֵחַ קֳדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״לָאֱלֹהִים״ – בְּזוֹבֵחַ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **As the Sages taught** in a *baraita* with regard to the verse: “One who sacrifices to the gods shall be utterly destroyed, except to the Lord alone” (Exodus 22:19): **If it were stated: One who sacrifices shall be utterly destroyed, I would have said** that **the verse speaks of one who slaughters a sacrificial** animal **outside** the Temple courtyard, referring to a severe transgression that is stated elsewhere in the Torah. Therefore, **the verse states: “To the gods,”** indicating that **the verse speaks of one who slaughters** an offering **to an idol.**


###### Sanhedrin 60b:9
[Sanhedrin 60b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:9)

אֵין לִי אֶלָּא בְּזוֹבֵחַ, מְקַטֵּר וּמְנַסֵּךְ מִנַּיִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״בִּלְתִּי לַה׳ לְבַדּוֹ״. רִיקֵּן הָעֲבוֹדוֹת כּוּלָּן לַשֵּׁם הַמְיוּחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* asks: From here **I** know **only** the *halakha* of **one who slaughters** an offering to an idol. **From where** is it derived that one who **burns** incense **or pours** a libation is also liable to receive the death penalty? The *baraita* answers that **the verse states: “Except to the Lord alone”;** the verse **emptied out,** i.e., designated, **all the** sacrificial **rites to the ineffable name** of God, indicating that one who performs any of these rites in idol worship is liable.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:10
[Sanhedrin 60b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:10)

לְפִי שֶׁיָּצְאָה זְבִיחָה לִידּוֹן בַּעֲבוֹדוֹת פְּנִים, מִנַּיִין לְרַבּוֹת הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* asks: **Since slaughter is singled out** from all of the forms of worship to be mentioned in this verse in order **to derive** from it that **with regard to** all the sacrificial **rites** performed **inside** the Temple, one who performs them in idol worship is liable to receive capital punishment, **from where** is it derived that this *halakha* **includes bowing** down to an idol, which is not a sacrificial rite?


###### Sanhedrin 60b:11
[Sanhedrin 60b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:11)

תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲבֹד אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ לָהֶם״, וּסְמִיךְ לֵיהּ: ״וְהוֹצֵאתָ אֶת הָאִישׁ הַהוּא וְגוֹ׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* answers that **the verse states: “And has gone and served other gods and bowed to them”** (Deuteronomy 17:3), **and** a verse **near it** states: **“Then you shall bring forth that man** or that woman who has done this evil thing to your gates, the man or the woman, and you shall stone them with stones and they shall die” (Deuteronomy 17:5). It is derived from the juxtaposition of these two verses that one who bows down to an idol is liable to be executed.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:12
[Sanhedrin 60b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:12)

עוֹנֶשׁ שָׁמַעְנוּ, אַזְהָרָה מִנַּיִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״כִּי לֹא תִשְׁתַּחֲוֶה לְאֵל אַחֵר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* asks: **We have heard** the **punishment** for bowing down to an idol, but **from where** is the **prohibition** against doing so derived? The *baraita* answers that **the verse states: “For you shall bow to no other god”** (Exodus 34:14).


###### Sanhedrin 60b:13
[Sanhedrin 60b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:13)

יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מְרַבֶּה הַמְגַפֵּף וְהַמְנַשֵּׁק וְהַמַּנְעִיל? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״זֹבֵחַ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
One **might** have thought **that I should include** among those liable to receive capital punishment **one who hugs** an idol, **or one who kisses** it, **or one who puts its shoes on** it as well. Therefore, **the verse states: “One who sacrifices** shall be utterly destroyed,” referring to the act of slaughtering an offering in idol worship.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:14
[Sanhedrin 60b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:14)

זְבִיחָה בַּכְּלָל הָיְתָה, וְלָמָּה יָצְאָה? לְהַקִּישׁ אֵלֶיהָ וְלוֹמַר לָךְ: מָה זְבִיחָה מְיוּחֶדֶת שֶׁהִיא עֲבוֹדַת פְּנִים וְחַיָּיבִין עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה, אַף כֹּל שֶׁהִיא עֲבוֹדַת פְּנִים וְחַיָּיבִין עָלֶיהָ מִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* explains: The **slaughter** of an offering **was included** in the general category of the prohibited forms of idol worship, **and why was it singled out** to be mentioned in this verse? It was singled out **to compare** a matter **to it and say to you: Just as slaughter is notable** in **that it is** a sacrificial **rite** performed **inside** the Temple, **and** those who perform this rite for the purpose of idol worship **are liable** to receive **the death penalty for it, so too, any** form of worship **that is** a sacrificial **rite** performed **inside** the Temple is prohibited when performed for idol worship, **and** transgressors **are liable** to receive **the death penalty for it.**


###### Sanhedrin 60b:15
[Sanhedrin 60b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:15)

יָצְאָה הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה לִידּוֹן בְּעַצְמָהּ, יָצְאָה זְבִיחָה לִידּוֹן עַל הַכְּלָל כּוּלּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Therefore, the act of **bowing** to an idol **is singled out** to be mentioned in a separate verse **to derive** the death penalty for that action **itself,** despite the fact that it is not a sacrificial rite performed in the Temple, whereas the **slaughter** of an offering **is singled out** to be mentioned in order **to derive** from it the principle **with regard to the entire category,** namely, that generally one is not liable to receive capital punishment for a form of worship that is not performed in the Temple.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:16
[Sanhedrin 60b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:16)

אָמַר מָר: הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר בְּזוֹבֵחַ קֳדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ הַכָּתוּב מְדַבֵּר. זוֹבֵחַ קֳדָשִׁים בַּחוּץ כָּרֵת הוּא!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara proceeds to clarify the *baraita*. **The Master said** in the *baraita*: **I would have said** that **the verse speaks of one who slaughters a sacrificial** animal **outside** the Temple courtyard. The Gemara asks: The punishment for **one who slaughters a sacrificial** animal **outside** the Temple courtyard **is *karet*,** not capital punishment, as it is stated: “Each and every man…who offers a burnt-offering or sacrifice, and does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting to sacrifice it to the Lord, even that man shall be cut off from his people” (Leviticus 17:8–9). Therefore, how can the *baraita* suggest that a verse that mentions capital punishment could be referring to this transgression?


###### Sanhedrin 60b:17
[Sanhedrin 60b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:17)

סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: כִּי אַתְרוֹ בֵּיהּ – קְטָלָא, כִּי לָא אַתְרוֹ בֵּיהּ – כָּרֵת. קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: It might **enter your mind to say** that in a case **when** the witnesses **warned** the transgressor not to slaughter the offering outside the Temple he is liable to receive **the death** penalty, but in a case **when they did not warn him** he is liable to receive ***karet*.** Therefore, the *baraita* **teaches us** that one who slaughters an offering outside the Temple is not liable to receive the death penalty even if he was warned.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:18
[Sanhedrin 60b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:18)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא בַּר רַב חָנָן לְאַבָּיֵי: אֵימָא, יָצְאָה הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כּוּלּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* states that the principle concerning the forms of idol worship that are punishable by execution is derived from the verse that mentions slaughtering an animal as an idolatrous offering, whereas bowing to an idol is mentioned in the verse as an exception. **Rava bar Rav Ḥanan said to Abaye: Say** that **bowing is singled out** to be mentioned **to teach, with regard to the entire category,** that any honorable form of worship, when performed for the sake of idol worship, carries the death penalty, not only sacrificial rites performed in the Temple.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:19
[Sanhedrin 60b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:19)

וְכִי תֵּימָא: זוֹבֵחַ לְמָה לִי? לְגוּפֵיהּ, דִּמְחַשְּׁבִין מֵעֲבוֹדָה לַעֲבוֹדָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And if you would say** that if so, **why do I** need **slaughter** to be mentioned in the verse specifically, one can say that mentioning slaughter is necessary **for** the matter of slaughter **itself,** i.e., to teach **that one can have intention from** one sacrificial **rite to** another sacrificial **rite.** In other words, slaughtering an animal with idolatrous intent is punishable by death even if the intention of the transgressor pertains not to the slaughter itself but to another part of the sacrificial process.


###### Sanhedrin 60b:20
[Sanhedrin 60b:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/60b:20)

דְּאִיתְּמַר: הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּהֵמָה לִזְרוֹק דָּמָהּ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וּלְהַקְטִיר חֶלְבָּהּ לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As it was stated** that with regard to **one who slaughters an animal** in order **to sprinkle its blood in idol worship or to burn its fat in idol worship, Rabbi Yoḥanan says:**