## Sanhedrin Daf 83b

###### Sanhedrin 83b:1
[Sanhedrin 83b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:1)

פְּרָט לָזוֹ שֶׁמְּחוּלֶּלֶת וְעוֹמֶדֶת.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**to the exclusion of** *teruma* **that is** impure and **already desecrated.**


###### Sanhedrin 83b:2
[Sanhedrin 83b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:2)

וְזָר שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, אָמַר רַב: זָר שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה לוֹקֶה. אָמְרִי לֵיהּ רַב כָּהֲנָא וְרַב אַסִּי לְרַב: לֵימָא מָר בְּמִיתָה, דִּכְתִיב ״וְכׇל זָר לֹא יֹאכַל קֹדֶשׁ״?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The Gemara continues in its analysis of the *baraita*: **A non-priest who partook of *teruma*** is liable **to** receive **death** at the hand of Heaven. **Rav says: A non-priest who partook of *teruma* is flogged. Rav Kahana and Rav Asi said to Rav: Let the Master say** that he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **as it is written:** “And they shall keep my charge lest they bear a sin for it and die therein if they desecrate it: I am the Lord Who sanctifies them. **No non-priest shall eat of the sacred,** a tenant of a priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat of the sacred” (Leviticus 22:9–10). Based on the juxtaposition between them, one should say that just as an impure priest who partakes of *teruma* is punished with death at the hand of Heaven, so too a non-priest who partakes of *teruma* is punished with death at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:3
[Sanhedrin 83b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:3)

״אֲנִי ה׳ מְקַדְּשָׁם״ – הִפְסִיק הָעִנְיָן. מֵיתִיבִי: וְאֵלּוּ הֵן שֶׁבְּמִיתָה – זָר הָאוֹכֵל אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. מַתְנִיתָא אַדְּרַב קָא רָמֵית? רַב תַּנָּא הוּא וּפָלֵיג!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav responded: The phrase **“I am the Lord Who sanctifies them” ends the matter** of death, so the matter of a non-priest who partakes of *teruma* is not juxtaposed to it. The Gemara **raises an objection** to the opinion of Rav from the *baraita*: **And these are they who** are liable **to** receive **death** at the hand of Heaven: **A non-priest who partakes of *teruma*.** The Gemara explains: **Are you raising a contradiction** from **a *baraita* to** the opinion **of Rav? Rav is a *tanna*, and** as such has the authority to **dispute** the determination of the *baraita*.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:4
[Sanhedrin 83b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:4)

וְזָר שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: The punishment for **a non-priest who performed** the Temple **service** is death at the hand of Heaven, **as it is written:** “You and your sons with you shall safeguard your priesthood with regard to every matter of the altar…**and any non-priest who approaches shall die”** (Numbers 18:7).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:5
[Sanhedrin 83b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:5)

וְטָמֵא שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ, כְּדִבְעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָבִין מֵרַב יוֹסֵף: מִנַּיִין לְטָמֵא שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ שֶׁהוּא בְּמִיתָה? דִּכְתִיב: ״דַּבֵּר אֶל אַהֲרֹן וְאֶל בָּנָיו וְיִנָּזְרוּ מִקׇּדְשֵׁי בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ אֶת שֵׁם קׇדְשִׁי״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: The punishment for **an impure** priest **who performed** the Temple **service** is death at the hand of Heaven. The source for this is explained: **As Rav Ḥiyya bar Avin asked of Rav Yosef: From where** is it derived **that an impure** priest **who performed** the Temple **service is** punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven? Rav Yosef answered: It is derived from a verse, **as it is written** in the context of admonishing priests to avoid impurity: **“Speak to Aaron and his sons that they shall separate themselves from the sacred items of the children of Israel** that they sanctify to Me, **and they shall not desecrate My sacred name:** I am the Lord” (Leviticus 22:2).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:6
[Sanhedrin 83b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:6)

וְיָלֵיף ״חִילּוּל״ ״חִילּוּל״ מִתְּרוּמָה, מָה לְהַלָּן בְּמִיתָה – אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Yosef continues: **And** the *tanna* **derives** the punishment by means of a verbal analogy. He derives the meaning of the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who performs the Temple service **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who partakes of ***teruma*** (see Leviticus 22:9). **Just as there,** with regard to *teruma*, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too here,** with regard to an impure priest who performs the Temple service, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:7
[Sanhedrin 83b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:7)

וְנֵילַף ״חִילּוּל״ ״חִילּוּל״ מִנּוֹתָר: מָה לְהַלָּן כָּרֵת, אַף כָּאן כָּרֵת?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let us derive** the punishment by means of a different verbal analogy: Derive the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who performs the Temple service **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to ***notar*.** This would teach that **just as there,** with regard to *notar*, he is punished with ***karet*, so too here,** with regard to an impure priest who performs the Temple service, he is punished with ***karet*.**


###### Sanhedrin 83b:8
[Sanhedrin 83b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:8)

מִסְתַּבְּרָא מִתְּרוּמָה הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמֵילַף, שֶׁכֵּן: גּוּף, טָמֵא, מִקְוֶה, בְּרַבִּים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: **It is reasonable** to say that it is **from *teruma*** that **he should have derived** the punishment for an impure priest who performs the Temple service, **as** there are many elements common to an impure priest who partakes of *teruma* and an impure priest who performs the Temple service. In both of these cases, unlike *notar*, the problem relates to the **body** of the priest; both relate to **impurity;** in both, the issue can be resolved through immersion in **a ritual bath;** and in both, the term of desecration is formulated **in the plural,** while with regard to *notar* it is formulated in the singular.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:9
[Sanhedrin 83b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:9)

אַדְּרַבָּה, מִנּוֹתָר הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמֵילַף, שֶׁכֵּן קֹדֶשׁ, פְּנִים, פִּיגּוּל וְנוֹתָר! חִילּוּל דְּרַבִּים מֵחִילּוּל דְּרַבִּים עֲדִיף.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara rejects that conclusion: **On the contrary,** it is **from *notar*** that **he should have derived** the punishment for an impure priest who performs the Temple service, **as** there are elements common to *notar* and an impure priest who performs the Temple service. Unlike *teruma*, both are cases involving **sacrificial** matters; both involve acts performed **inside** the Temple; and in both cases, the disqualification of ***piggul* and** the disqualification of ***notar*** are applicable. The Gemara explains: Although the number of elements common to an impure priest who partakes of *teruma* equals the number of elements common to *notar*, deriving **desecration in the plural** by means of a verbal analogy **from desecration in the plural is preferable.**


###### Sanhedrin 83b:10
[Sanhedrin 83b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:10)

טְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ, מְנָלַן? דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי סִימַאי אוֹמֵר, רֶמֶז לִטְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁאִם עָבַד חִילֵּל מִנַּיִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״קְדֹשִׁים יִהְיוּ לֵאלֹהֵיהֶם וְלֹא יְחַלְּלוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: The punishment for a priest who was ritually impure, **who immersed that day** and is waiting for nightfall for the purification process to be completed, and **who performed** the Temple **service,** is death at the hand of Heaven. The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive this *halakha*? The Gemara answers: It is derived **as it is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Simai says: From where** in the Torah is the **allusion with regard to** a priest **who immersed that day, that if he performed** the Temple **service he desecrated** that service? It is derived from a verse, as **the verse states: “They shall be sacred to their God and they shall not desecrate** the name of their God” (Leviticus 21:6).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:11
[Sanhedrin 83b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:11)

אִם אֵינוֹ עִנְיָן לְטָמֵא שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ, דְּנָפְקָא לַן מִ״וְיִנָּזְרוּ״, תְּנֵיהוּ עִנְיָן לִטְבוּל יוֹם שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**If** this verse **is not** written with regard to the **matter of an impure** priest **who performed** the Temple **service, as** that *halakha* is **derived for us from** the verse: **“That they shall separate themselves** from the sacred items of the children of Israel” (Leviticus 22:2), then **apply it** to the **matter of** a priest **who immersed that day who performed** the Temple **service.** Although he is no longer impure in every sense, the priest remains impure in terms of the prohibitions of partaking of *teruma* and sacrificial food, and of entering the Temple.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:12
[Sanhedrin 83b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:12)

וְיָלֵיף חִילּוּל חִילּוּל מִתְּרוּמָה, מָה לְהַלָּן בְּמִיתָה – אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And** the *tanna* **derives** the punishment by means of a verbal analogy. He derives the meaning of the term of **desecration** written with regard to a priest who immersed that day who performed the Temple service **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who partakes of ***teruma*** (see Leviticus 22:9). **Just as there,** with regard to *teruma*, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too here,** with regard to an impure priest who performs the Temple service, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:13
[Sanhedrin 83b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:13)

וּמְחוּסַּר בְּגָדִים מְנָלַן? אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, וּמָטוּ בָּהּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: ״וְחָגַרְתָּ אֹתָם אַבְנֵט״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And** the punishment for a priest **who is lacking** the requisite priestly **vestments** and who performed the Temple service is death at the hand of Heaven. The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that this is his punishment? **Rabbi Abbahu says** that **Rabbi Yoḥanan says, and** there are those who **determined** that this *halakha* is a tradition that was cited **in the name of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon:** It is stated: **“You shall gird them with a belt,** Aaron and his sons, and you shall wrap the headdresses upon them; and they shall have the priesthood as an eternal statute, and you shall inaugurate Aaron and his sons” (Exodus 29:9).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:14
[Sanhedrin 83b:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:14)

בִּזְמַן שֶׁבִּגְדֵיהֶם עֲלֵיהֶם – כְּהוּנָּתָם עֲלֵיהֶם; אֵין בִּגְדֵיהֶם עֲלֵיהֶם – אֵין כְּהוּנָּתָם עֲלֵיהֶם. וְהָווּ לְהוּ זָרִים, וְאָמַר מָר: זָר שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ – בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
From that verse it is derived: **At a time when their vestments are upon them, their priesthood is upon them;** but when **their vestments are not upon them, their priesthood is not upon them.** Therefore, priests who are lacking the requisite priestly vestments **assume** the status of **non-priests** in this respect, **and the Master says** earlier in the *baraita*: **A non-priest who performs** the Temple **service** is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:15
[Sanhedrin 83b:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:15)

וּמְחוּסַּר כַּפָּרָה מְנָלַן? אָמַר רַב הוּנָא: דְּאָמַר קְרָא ״וְכִפֶּר עָלֶיהָ הַכֹּהֵן וְטָהֵרָה״. טָהֵרָה, מִכְּלָל שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה. וְאָמַר מָר: טָמֵא שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ – בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And** the punishment for a priest **who has not yet** brought **an atonement** offering to complete the purification process and who performs the Temple service is death at the hand of Heaven. The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that this is his punishment? **Rav Huna says:** It is derived from a verse, **as the verse states** with regard to a woman after childbirth who is obligated to bring an atonement offering: **“And the priest shall atone for her and she shall become purified”** (Leviticus 12:8). He infers: As the verse states **“shall become purified,” by inference,** one concludes **that** until the priest sacrifices her atonement offering **she is impure** to a certain extent. **And the Master says** earlier in the *baraita*: **An impure** priest **who performs** the Temple **service** is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:16
[Sanhedrin 83b:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:16)

וְשֶׁלֹּא רְחוּץ יָדַיִם וְרַגְלַיִם, מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּבֹאָם אֶל אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד יִרְחֲצוּ מַיִם וְלֹא יָמוּתוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And** the punishment for a priest **whose hands and feet are not washed** and who performed the Temple service is death at the hand of Heaven. The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive this *halakha*? The Gemara answers: It is derived from a verse, **as it is written: “Whenever they come to the Tent of Meeting, they shall wash with water that they shall not die”** (Exodus 30:20).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:17
[Sanhedrin 83b:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:17)

וּשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן, דִּכְתִיב: ״יַיִן וְשֵׁכָר אַל תֵּשְׁתְּ וְגוֹ׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And** the punishment for priests who performed the Temple service while **intoxicated with wine** is death at the hand of Heaven, **as it is written: “Drink no wine nor strong drink,** you and your sons with you, when you come into the Tent of Meeting, that you shall not die” (Leviticus 10:9).


###### Sanhedrin 83b:18
[Sanhedrin 83b:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:18)

וּפְרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ, דִּכְתִיב: ״רֹאשָׁם לֹא יְגַלֵּחוּ וּפֶרַע לֹא יְשַׁלֵּחוּ״, וּכְתִיב בָּתְרֵיהּ: ״וְיַיִן לֹא יִשְׁתּוּ״. אִיתַּקַּשׁ פְּרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ לִשְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן: מָה שְׁתוּיֵי יַיִן בְּמִיתָה, אַף פְּרוּעֵי רֹאשׁ בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **And** the punishment for priests who performed the Temple service with **overgrown** hair on their **heads** is death at the hand of Heaven, **as it is written: “Neither shall they shave their heads nor allow their hair to grow long”** (Ezekiel 44:20), **and it is written thereafter: “Neither shall any priest drink wine** when they enter the inner courtyard” (Ezekiel 44:21). **One with overgrown** hair on his **head is juxtaposed to** priests **who are intoxicated with wine. Just as** priests who are **intoxicated with wine** are punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too** priests with **overgrown** hair on their **heads** are punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 83b:19
[Sanhedrin 83b:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/83b:19)

אֲבָל עָרֵל, אוֹנֵן, יוֹשֵׁב – בְּאַזְהָרָה. עָרֵל מְנָלַן? אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: דָּבָר זֶה מִתּוֹרַת מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ לֹא לָמַדְנוּ, עַד שֶׁבָּא יְחֶזְקֵאל בֶּן בּוּזִי וְלִמְּדָנוּ: ״כׇּל בֶּן נֵכָר עֶרֶל לֵב

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: **But** a priest who performs the Temple service while **uncircumcised, or** as **an acute mourner** on the day that one of his close relatives dies, **or** a priest who performs the Temple service while **seated,** is not punished with death at the hand of Heaven; rather, he is liable **for** violating **a prohibition** and his punishment is lashes. The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that it is prohibited for **an uncircumcised** priest to perform the Temple service? **Rav Ḥisda says: This matter we did not learn from the Torah of Moses our teacher.** It was not learned **until Ezekiel, son of Buzi,** the prophet, **came and taught** it to **us,** as it is stated: **“No foreigner uncircumcised in heart**