## Sanhedrin Daf 84a

###### Sanhedrin 84a:1
[Sanhedrin 84a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:1)

וְעֶרֶל בָּשָׂר לֹא יָבוֹא אֶל מִקְדָּשִׁי (לְשָׁרְתֵנִי)״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**or uncircumcised in flesh may enter My Temple”** (Ezekiel 44:9).


###### Sanhedrin 84a:2
[Sanhedrin 84a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:2)

אוֹנֵן מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וּמִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ לֹא יֵצֵא וְלֹא יְחַלֵּל אֵת מִקְדַּשׁ אֱלֹהָיו״. הָא אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא יָצָא, חִילֵּל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive that it is prohibited for **an acute mourner** priest to perform the Temple service? It is derived from a verse, **as it is written** with regard to a High Priest whose mother or father died: **“And from the Temple he shall not emerge and he shall not desecrate the Temple of his God”** (Leviticus 21:12), from which it may be inferred **that another,** who is not a High Priest but an ordinary priest, **who did not emerge** from the Temple and who continued to perform the service, **has desecrated** the service.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:3
[Sanhedrin 84a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:3)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַדָּא לְרָבָא: וְנֵילַף ״חִילּוּל״ ״חִילּוּל״ מִתְּרוּמָה, מָה לְהַלָּן בְּמִיתָה – אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Adda said to Rava: And let us derive** it by means of a verbal analogy: Derive the meaning of the term of **desecration** written with regard to an acute mourner who performs the Temple service **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who partakes of ***teruma*. Just as there,** with regard to *teruma*, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too here,** with regard to an acute mourner who performs the Temple service, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:4
[Sanhedrin 84a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:4)

מִי כְּתִיב בֵּיהּ בְּגוּפֵיהּ? מִכְּלָלָא קָאָתֵי. הָוֵי דָּבָר הַבָּא מִן הַכְּלָל, וְכׇל דָּבָר הַבָּא מִן הַכְּלָל אֵין דָּנִין אוֹתוֹ בִּגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rava answers: **Is** desecration **written with regard to** the matter of a priest who performs the Temple service as an acute mourner **itself? It is derived from** that which is written with regard to the High Priest, **by inference.** Therefore, **it is a matter that emerges from an inference,** and the principle is: **Any matter that emerges from an inference cannot be derived by means of a verbal analogy.** A verbal analogy can be derived only when the matter is written explicitly.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:5
[Sanhedrin 84a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:5)

יוֹשֵׁב מְנָלַן? אָמַר רָבָא אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: אָמַר קְרָא ״כִּי בוֹ בָּחַר ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ מִכׇּל שְׁבָטֶיךָ לַעֲמֹד לְשָׁרֵת״. לַעֲמִידָה בְּחַרְתִּיו, וְלֹא לִישִׁיבָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **From where do we** derive **that** it is prohibited for a priest who is **seated** to perform the Temple service? **Rava says** that **Rav Naḥman says: The verse states: “For him has the Lord chosen from among all your tribes, to stand and minister** in the name of the Lord” (Deuteronomy 18:5). God states in the verse that **I chose him for** service while he is **standing, but not for** service while **seated.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:6
[Sanhedrin 84a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:6)

בַּעַל מוּם: רַבִּי אוֹמֵר בְּמִיתָה, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים בָּאַזְהָרָה. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי? דִּכְתִיב: ״אַךְ אֶל הַפָּרֹכֶת לֹא יָבֹא וְגוֹ׳״, וְיָלֵיף חִילּוּל חִילּוּל מִתְּרוּמָה. מָה לְהַלָּן בְּמִיתָה, אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
§ The *baraita* continues: With regard to **a blemished** priest who performs the Temple service, **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says:** He is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **and the Rabbis say:** He is liable only **for** violating **a prohibition.** The Gemara elaborates: **What is the reason** for the opinion **of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi? It is **as it is written: “But he shall not come into the curtain** and he shall not approach the altar as he has a blemish, that he desecrate not My sacred places” (Leviticus 21:23). **And** Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi **derives** the punishment by means of a verbal analogy: The meaning of the term of **desecration** written with regard to a blemished priest who performs the Temple service is derived **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to an impure priest who partakes of ***teruma*. Just as there,** with regard to *teruma*, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too here,** with regard to a blemished priest who performs the Temple service, he is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:7
[Sanhedrin 84a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:7)

וְנֵילַף ״חִילּוּל״ ״חִילּוּל״ מִנּוֹתָר: מָה לְהַלָּן בְּכָרֵת, אַף כָּאן בְּכָרֵת?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara challenges: **And let us derive** the punishment by means of a different verbal analogy: Derive the meaning of the term of **desecration** written with regard to a blemished priest who performs the Temple service **from** the term of **desecration** written with regard to ***notar*. Just as there,** with regard to *notar*, he is punished **with *karet*, so too here,** with regard to a blemished priest who performs the Temple service, he is punished **with *karet*.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:8
[Sanhedrin 84a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:8)

מִסְתַּבְּרָא מִתְּרוּמָה הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמֵילַף, שֶׁכֵּן פְּסוּל הַגּוּף מִפְּסוּל הַגּוּף. אַדְּרַבָּה, מִנּוֹתָר הֲוָה לֵיהּ לְמֵילַף, שֶׁכֵּן קוֹדֶשׁ, פְּנִים, פִּיגּוּל וְנוֹתָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **It is reasonable** to say that **he should have derived** the punishment for a blemished priest who performs the Temple service **from *teruma*, as** the *tanna* derives **the bodily disqualification** of a blemished priest **from the bodily disqualification** of the impure priest. The Gemara challenges: **On the contrary, he should have derived** the punishment for a blemished priest who performs the Temple service **from *notar*,** as there are elements common to *notar* and a blemished priest who performs the Temple service. Unlike *teruma*, both are cases involving **sacrificial** matters; both involve matters performed **inside** the Temple; and in both cases, the disqualification of ***piggul* and** the disqualification of ***notar*** are applicable.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:9
[Sanhedrin 84a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:9)

אֶלָּא, מִטָּמֵא שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ גָּמַר. פְּסוּל הַגּוּף מִפְּסוּל הַגּוּף, קוֹדֶשׁ פְּנִים פִּיגּוּל וְנוֹתָר מִקּוֹדֶשׁ פְּנִים פִּיגּוּל וְנוֹתָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather,** Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi **derives** the *halakha* of a blemished priest who performed the Temple service **from** the *halakha* of **an impure** priest **who performed** the Temple **service,** due to the elements common to both. He derives **the bodily disqualification** of a blemished priest **from the bodily disqualification** of an impure priest who performs the Temple service, and he derives the case of a blemished priest, whose case involves **sacrificial** matters, matters performed **inside** the Temple, and the relevance of both ***piggul* and *notar*, from** the case of an impure priest, whose case involves **sacrificial** matters, matters performed **inside** the Temple, and the relevance of both ***piggul* and *notar*.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:10
[Sanhedrin 84a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:10)

וְרַבָּנַן, אָמַר קְרָא: ״בּוֹ״, וְלֹא בְּבַעַל מוּם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And the Rabbis,** what is the reason that they hold that he is liable only for violating a prohibition? It is as **the verse states:** “And die **because of it** if they desecrate it; I am the Lord Who sanctifies them” (Leviticus 22:9), from which it is derived: **“Because of it”** they receive death at the hand of Heaven, **but not** in the case of **a blemished** priest.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:11
[Sanhedrin 84a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:11)

הֵזִיד בִּמְעִילָה: רַבִּי אוֹמֵר בְּמִיתָה, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים בָּאַזְהָרָה. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי? אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: גָּמַר חֵטְא חֵטְא מִתְּרוּמָה. מָה לְהַלָּן בְּמִיתָה – אַף כָּאן בְּמִיתָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The *baraita* continues: With regard to one who **intentionally performed** an action of **misuse** of consecrated property. **Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi **says:** He is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **and the Rabbis say:** He is liable only **for** violating **a prohibition.** The Gemara elaborates: **What is the reason** for the opinion **of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi? **Rabbi Abbahu says: He derives** a verbal analogy: The meaning of the term of **sin** written with regard to one who intentionally misuses consecrated property (see Leviticus 5:15) is derived **from** the term of **sin** written with regard to an impure priest who partakes of ***teruma*** (see Leviticus 22:9). **Just as there,** with regard to *teruma*, the priest is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven, **so too here,** one who intentionally misuses consecrated property is punished **with death** at the hand of Heaven.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:12
[Sanhedrin 84a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:12)

וְרַבָּנַן אָמְרִי: אָמַר קְרָא ״בּוֹ״, ״בּוֹ״ וְלֹא בִּמְעִילָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **And the Rabbis say** that **the verse states** with regard to *teruma*: **“Because of it”** they receive death at the hand of Heaven, **but not in** the case of the intentional **misuse** of consecrated property.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:13
[Sanhedrin 84a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:13)

זָר שֶׁשִּׁימֵּשׁ בְּמִקְדָּשׁ: תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת״, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן ״כֹּל הַקָּרֵב הַקָּרֵב אֶל מִשְׁכָּן ה׳ יָמוּת״. מָה לְהַלָּן בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם, אַף כָּאן בִּידֵי שָׁמַיִם.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites a dispute between the Sages with regard to the punishment of **a non-priest who performed** the Temple **service. It is taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yishmael says: It is stated here:** “You and your sons with you shall keep your priesthood in everything that pertains to the altar**…and any non-priest who approaches shall be put to death [*yumat*]”** (Numbers 18:7), **and it is stated there: “Anyone who approaches the Tabernacle of the Lord shall die [*yamut*]”** (Numbers 17:28). **Just as there,** the reference is to death **at the hand of Heaven; so too here,** in the case of a non-priest who performs the Temple service, the reference is to death **at the hand of Heaven.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:14
[Sanhedrin 84a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:14)

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: נֶאֱמַר כָּאן ״וְהַזָּר הַקָּרֵב יוּמָת״, וְנֶאֱמַר לְהַלָּן ״וְהַנָּבִיא הַהוּא אוֹ חֹלֵם הַחֲלוֹם הַהוּא יוּמָת״. מָה לְהַלָּן בִּסְקִילָה, אַף כָּאן בִּסְקִילָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר: מָה לְהַלָּן בְּחֶנֶק, אַף כָּאן בְּחֶנֶק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Akiva says** that **it is stated here: “And any non-priest who approaches shall be put to death [*yumat*]” and it is stated there: “And that prophet or that dreamer of a dream shall be put to death [*yumat*]”** (Deuteronomy 13:6). **Just as there,** with regard to the prophet, he is executed **by stoning, so too here,** a non-priest who performs the Temple service is executed **by stoning. Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri says: Just as there,** with regard to the prophet, he is executed **by strangulation, so too here,** a non-priest who performs the Temple service is executed **by strangulation.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:15
[Sanhedrin 84a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:15)

בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא? רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא סָבַר: דָּנִין ״יוּמָת״ מִ״יּוּמָת״, וְאֵין דָּנִין ״יוּמָת״ מִ״יָּמוּת״. וְרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל סָבַר: דָּנִין הֶדְיוֹט מֵהֶדְיוֹט, וְאֵין דָּנִין הֶדְיוֹט מִנָּבִיא. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא: כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִדִּיחַ – אֵין לְךָ הֶדְיוֹט גָּדוֹל מִזֶּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **With regard to what** principle **do Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Akiva disagree?** The Gemara answers: **Rabbi Akiva holds:** In the verbal analogy, **one derives *yumat* from *yumat* and one does not derive *yumat* from *yamut*. And Rabbi Yishmael holds:** Although the terms are not identical, **one derives** by means of a verbal analogy the *halakha* of **an ordinary** person **from** the *halakha* of **an ordinary** person **and one does not derive** the *halakha* of **an ordinary** person **from** the *halakha* of **a prophet.** The Gemara asks: **And** what does **Rabbi Akiva** hold? **Once** the prophet **incited** others to idol worship, **you have no greater** example of **an ordinary** person **than that,** i.e., he no longer has the status of a prophet.


###### Sanhedrin 84a:16
[Sanhedrin 84a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:16)

בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי? בִּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְרַבָּנַן, דְּתַנְיָא: נָבִיא שֶׁהִדִּיחַ – בִּסְקִילָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: בְּחֶנֶק. הָא אֲנַן תְּנַן: רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: בְּחֶנֶק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **With regard to what** principle **do Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Nuri disagree?** The Gemara answers: They disagree **with regard to** the issue that is the subject of **the dispute of Rabbi Shimon and the Rabbis, as it is taught** in a *baraita*: **A prophet who incited** others to idol worship is executed **by stoning. Rabbi Shimon says:** He is executed **by strangulation.** The Gemara asks: **Didn’t we learn** in a mishna with regard to a prophet who incites others to idol worship that **Rabbi Akiva says:** He is executed **by strangulation,** contrary to Rabbi Akiva’s opinion cited in the *baraita*?


###### Sanhedrin 84a:17
[Sanhedrin 84a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:17)

תְּרֵי תַּנָּאֵי וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. מַתְנִיתִין – רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. בָּרַיְיתָא – רַבָּנַן וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara answers: These are **two *tanna’im* and** they disagree **with regard to** the opinion **of Rabbi Akiva. The mishna,** which cites the opinion that Rabbi Akiva holds that a prophet who incited others to idol worship is executed by strangulation, is citing the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon in accordance with** the opinion **of Rabbi Akiva.** Rabbi Shimon was his preeminent disciple. **The *baraita*,** which cites the opinion that Rabbi Akiva holds that a prophet who incited others to idol worship is executed by stoning, is citing the opinion of **the Rabbis,** who disagree with Rabbi Shimon, **and** they too hold **in accordance with** the opinion **of Rabbi Akiva.**


###### Sanhedrin 84a:18
[Sanhedrin 84a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sanhedrin/r/84a:18)

**הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ אֵלּוּ הֵן הַנִּשְׂרָפִין.**