## Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise

###### Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:1
[Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sefer%20HaBachur/s/Fourth%20Treatise/r/5:1)

**העקר החמישי. בביאור שמות נחי למ"ד אל"ף:**

**Trans. Betzalel Avraham Feinstein, 2026:**
**The fifth principle. An elucidation of nouns whose third radical is quiescent *aleph* (*naḥei lamed-aleph*):**


###### Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:2
[Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sefer%20HaBachur/s/Fourth%20Treatise/r/5:2)

**א. דע** כי רובם הם שלש שלשה נקודות, כמו; כלא, פלא, גבא, טנא, והולכים על דרך השלמים פעמים בכנוי בחירק, כמו; כלאו, פלאו, ובפתח, כמו טנאך (דברים כח ה):

**Trans. Betzalel Avraham Feinstein, 2026:**
**1. Know** that most of them have three vowels, such as *kela*, *pele*, *geva*, and *tena*. They follow the pattern of the regular (strong) roots; sometimes in the suffixed forms they take a *ḥiriq*, as in *kelaʾo* and *peleʾo*, and sometimes a *pataḥ*, as in *tenaʾkha* (“your basket,” Deut. 28:5).


###### Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:3
[Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sefer%20HaBachur/s/Fourth%20Treatise/r/5:3)

[**ב.**] ונמצאים על משקל פעל, כמו; צמא, צבא, ועל משקל פועל, כמו; גומא, סובא, ובא אחד בדגש, והוא כסא, ולא ישתנה בסמיכות, אבל בכנוי ישוב הצרי לשוא ויפול הדגש, כמו; כסאו, כסאך, וכן ברבוי, והוא בלשון נקבות שמה ישבו כסאות (תהלים קכב ה):

**Trans. Betzalel Avraham Feinstein, 2026:**
**2.** Some are found in the pattern *paʿal*, such as *tsama* and *tsava*; and others in the pattern *poʿal*, such as *goma* and *sova*. One example occurs with a *dagesh*, namely *kisse* (“throne”). It does not change in the construct state, but with pronominal suffixes the *tsere* becomes *sheva* and the *dagesh* drops, as in *kiso* and *kisakha*. Likewise in the plural; and it appears in the feminine form in the verse: *shamah yashvu kisʾot* (“there thrones were set,” Ps. 122:5).


###### Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:4
[Sefer HaBachur, Fourth Treatise 5:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Sefer%20HaBachur/s/Fourth%20Treatise/r/5:4)

[**ג.**] (ב.) וחטא (הוא ממשקל זה, ו)היה ראוי להיות חטא אלא שהוקל, כמו שהוקל (ממשקל) שוא ממשקל פעל כמו שבארתי. והנה חי"ת של חטא בצירי על דרך אותם של חמש נקודות, ולכן בכנוי יבא החי"ת בסגול חטאו, חטאם, כמבואר בעקר שלישי במאמר ראשון בסימן ששי, וברבוי חטאים, אבל ובדרך חטאים (תהלים א א), הוא תואר ממשקל הדגושים אשר לא ישתנו ותאמר בסמיכות ובכנוי הרבים חטאי (עמוס ט י), עמי וחטאיה ישמיד: (ישעיהו יג ט)

**Trans. Betzalel Avraham Feinstein, 2026:**
**3.** The word *ḥeṭ* (sin) also belongs to this pattern, though it properly should have been *ḥeṭa*; however it was shortened, just as forms of the pattern *sheva* are shortened from the pattern *paʿal*, as I explained earlier. The *ḥet* of *ḥeṭ* is therefore pointed with *tsere*, following the pattern of those with the five vowels; consequently in forms with pronominal suffixes the *ḥet* takes a *segol*, as in *ḥeṭo* and *ḥeṭam*, as explained in the Third Principle of the First Treatise, Sixth Section. In the plural it appears as *ḥeṭaʾim*. But in the phrase *ve-derekh ḥaṭaʾim* (“the way of sinners,” Ps. 1:1) it is an adjective belonging to the pattern of the geminated forms, which do not change; thus in the construct and with plural suffixes one says *ḥaṭaʾei*, as in *ḥaṭaʾei ʿammi* (“the sinners of my people,” Amos 9:10) and *ʿammi ve-ḥaṭaʾeha yashmid* (“he will destroy my people and its sinners,” Isa. 13:9).