## Shabbat Daf 139a

###### Shabbat 139a:1
[Shabbat 139a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:1)

הֲלָכָה בְּרוּרָה וּמִשְׁנָה בְּרוּרָה בִּמְקוֹם אֶחָד.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**clear *halakha* and clear teaching together,** but rather there will be disputes among the Sages.


###### Shabbat 139a:2
[Shabbat 139a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:2)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן אֱלִישָׁע אוֹמֵר: אִם רָאִיתָ דּוֹר שֶׁצָּרוֹת רַבּוֹת בָּאוֹת עָלָיו — צֵא וּבְדוֹק בְּדַיָּינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. שֶׁכׇּל פּוּרְעָנוּת שֶׁבָּאָה לְעוֹלָם לֹא בָּאָה אֶלָּא בִּשְׁבִיל דַּיָּינֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שִׁמְעוּ נָא זֹאת רָאשֵׁי בֵּית יַעֲקֹב וּקְצִינֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל הַמְתַעֲבִים מִשְׁפָּט וְאֵת כׇּל הַיְשָׁרָה יְעַקֵּשׁוּ. בּוֹנֶה צִיּוֹן בְּדָמִים וִירוּשָׁלִַים בְּעַוְלָה. רָאשֶׁיהָ בְּשׁוֹחַד יִשְׁפּוֹטוּ וְכֹהֲנֶיהָ בִּמְחִיר יוֹרוּ וּנְבִיאֶיהָ בְּכֶסֶף יִקְסוֹמוּ וְעַל ה׳ יִשָּׁעֵנוּ וְגוֹ׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Yosei ben Elisha says: If you see a generation that many troubles are befalling it, go and examine the judges of Israel.** Perhaps their sins are the cause, **as any calamity that comes to the world comes due to the judges of Israel** acting corruptly, **as it is stated: “Please hear this, heads of the house of Jacob, and officers of the house of Israel, who abhor justice and pervert all equity, who build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. Their heads they judge for bribes, and their priests teach for hire, and their prophets divine for money; yet they lean upon the Lord,** saying: Is not the Lord in our midst? No evil shall befall us” (Micah 3:9–11).


###### Shabbat 139a:3
[Shabbat 139a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:3)

רְשָׁעִים הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁתָּלוּ בִּטְחוֹנָם בְּמִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם. לְפִיכָךְ, מֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עֲלֵיהֶן שָׁלֹשׁ פּוּרְעָנִיּוֹת כְּנֶגֶד שָׁלֹשׁ עֲבֵירוֹת שֶׁבְּיָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״לָכֵן בִּגְלַלְכֶם צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵחָרֵשׁ וִירוּשָׁלִַים עִיִּין תִּהְיֶה וְהַר הַבַּיִת לְבָמוֹת יָעַר״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara comments: **They are wicked, but they placed their trust in the One Who spoke and the world came into being,** the Almighty. **Therefore, the Holy One, Blessed be He, brings upon them three calamities corresponding to the three transgressions** for which **they are responsible,** as **it is stated** in the following verse: **“Therefore, because of you, Zion shall be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the Temple Mount as the high places of a forest”** (Micah 3:12).


###### Shabbat 139a:4
[Shabbat 139a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:4)

וְאֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָתוֹ עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ שׁוֹפְטִים וְשׁוֹטְרִים רָעִים מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאָשִׁיבָה יָדִי עָלַיִךְ וְאֶצְרוֹף כַּבּוֹר סִיגָיִךְ וְאָסִירָה כׇּל בְּדִילָיִךְ. וְאָשִׁיבָה שׁוֹפְטַיִךְ כְּבָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְיוֹעֲצַיִךְ כְּבַתְּחִלָּה וְגוֹ׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And the Holy One, Blessed be He, will not rest His Divine Presence on the Jewish people until evil judges and officers shall be eliminated from the Jewish people, as it is stated: “And I will turn My hand upon you, and I will purge away your dross as with lye, and I will remove all your alloy. And I will restore your judges as at first, and your counselors as at the beginning;** afterward you shall be called the city of righteousness, a faithful city” (Isaiah 1:25–26).


###### Shabbat 139a:5
[Shabbat 139a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:5)

אָמַר עוּלָּא: אֵין יְרוּשָׁלָיִם נִפְדֵּית אֶלָּא בִּצְדָקָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״צִיּוֹן בְּמִשְׁפָּט תִּפָּדֶה וְשָׁבֶיהָ בִּצְדָקָה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Ulla said: Jerusalem will be redeemed only through righteousness, as it is stated: “Zion will be redeemed with justice and those who return to her with righteousness”** (Isaiah 1:27).


###### Shabbat 139a:6
[Shabbat 139a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:6)

אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: אִי בָּטְלִי יְהִירֵי — בָּטְלִי אַמְגּוּשֵׁי. אִי בָּטְלִי דַּיָּינֵי — בָּטְלִי גְּזִירְפָּטֵי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Pappa said: If the arrogant will cease** to exist, **the** Persian **fire priests will cease** to exist as well. **If the** deceitful **judges** will **cease** to exist, **the royal officers [*gazirpatei*]** and taskmasters **will cease** to exist.


###### Shabbat 139a:7
[Shabbat 139a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:7)

אִי בָּטְלִי יְהִירֵי בָּטְלִי אַמְגּוּשֵׁי — דִּכְתִיב: ״וְאֶצְרוֹף כַּבּוֹר סִיגָיִךְ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
He explains: **If the arrogant will cease, the** Persian **fire priests will cease, as it is written: “And I will purge away your dross** [***sigayikh***] **as with lye,** and I will remove all your alloy [*bedilayikh*].” This teaches that when the conceited and haughty [*sigim*] are purged, the priests of fire, who are separated [*muvdalim*] from the fear of God, will also cease.


###### Shabbat 139a:8
[Shabbat 139a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:8)

אִי בָּטְלִי דַּיָּינֵי בָּטְלִי גְּזִירְפָּטֵי — דִּכְתִיב: ״הֵסִיר ה׳ מִשְׁפָּטַיִךְ פִּנָּה אוֹיְבֵךְ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
He said: **If the** deceitful **judges cease, the royal officers** and taskmasters will **cease, as it is written: “The Lord has removed your judgment, cast out your enemy”** (Zephaniah 3:15).


###### Shabbat 139a:9
[Shabbat 139a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:9)

אָמַר רַבִּי מַלַּאי מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״שָׁבַר ה׳ מַטֵּה רְשָׁעִים שֵׁבֶט מוֹשְׁלִים״. ״שָׁבַר ה׳ מַטֵּה רְשָׁעִים״ — אֵלּוּ הַדַּיָּינִין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ מַקֵּל לְחַזָּנֵיהֶם. ״שֵׁבֶט מוֹשְׁלִים״ — אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁבְּמִשְׁפְּחוֹת הַדַּיָּינִין. מָר זוּטְרָא אָמַר: אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים שֶׁמְלַמְּדִים הִלְכוֹת צִיבּוּר לְדַיָּינֵי בּוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Mallai said in the name of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon: What is** the meaning of **that which is written: “The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked, the rod of the rulers”** (Isaiah 14:5)? He explains: **“The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked”; these are the judges who have become staffs for their attendants.** The attendants abuse people, and the judges provide the attendants with legal backing and moral support. **“The rod of the rulers”; these are the Torah scholars** who are members of **the families of the judges.** These Torah scholars assist their relatives, the judges, conceal their faults. **Mar Zutra said: These are the Torah scholars who teach communal *halakhot* to ignorant judges.** They teach ignorant judges just enough Torah and modes of conduct to prevent the people from realizing how ignorant they are, enabling them to maintain their positions.


###### Shabbat 139a:10
[Shabbat 139a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:10)

אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן מַלַּאי מִשּׁוּם רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: מַאי דִּכְתִיב ״כִּי כַפֵּיכֶם נְגֹאֲלוּ בַדָּם וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶם בֶּעָוֹן, שִׂפְתוֹתֵיכֶם דִּבְּרוּ שֶׁקֶר לְשׁוֹנְכֶם עַוְלָה תֶהְגֶּה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Eliezer ben Mallai said in the name of Reish Lakish: What is** the meaning of **that which is written: “For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with iniquity; your lips have spoken lies, your tongue utters wickedness”** (Isaiah 59:3)?


###### Shabbat 139a:11
[Shabbat 139a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:11)

״כִּי כַפֵּיכֶם נְגוֹאֲלוּ בַדָּם״ — אֵלּוּ הַדַּיָּינִין. ״וְאֶצְבְּעוֹתֵיכֶם בְּעָוֹן״ — אֵלּוּ סוֹפְרֵי הַדַּיָּינִין. ״שִׂפְתוֹתֵיכֶם דְּבָרוֹ שֶׁקֶר״ — אֵלּוּ עוֹרְכֵי הַדַּיָּינִין. ״לְשׁוֹנְכֶם עַוְלָה תֶּהְגֶּה״ — אֵלּוּ בַּעֲלִי דִּינִין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
He explains: **“For your hands are defiled with blood”; these are the judges** who take bribes in their hands. **“And your fingers with iniquity”; these are the scribes of the judges,** who write falsehood with their fingers. **“Your lips have spoken lies”; these are the legal advisors. “Your tongue utters wickedness”; these are the litigants** themselves.


###### Shabbat 139a:12
[Shabbat 139a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:12)

וְאָמַר רַבִּי מַלַּאי מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִצְחָק מַגְדְּלָאָה: מִיּוֹם שֶׁפֵּירַשׁ יוֹסֵף מֵאֶחָיו לֹא טָעַם טַעַם יַיִן, דִּכְתִיב: ״וּלְקׇדְקֹד נְזִיר אֶחָיו״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rabbi Mallai said in the name of Rabbi Yitzḥak from Migdal: From the day that Joseph took leave from his brothers, he did not sample a taste of wine, as it is written:** “They shall be on the head of Joseph, **and on the crown of the head of he who was separated [*nezir*] from his brothers”** (Genesis 49:26). The language of the verse alludes to the fact that Joseph conducted himself like a nazirite and abstained from wine.


###### Shabbat 139a:13
[Shabbat 139a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:13)

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: אַף הֵן לֹא טָעֲמוּ טַעַם יַיִן, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּשְׁתּוּ וַיִּשְׁכְּרוּ עִמּוֹ״, מִכְּלָל דְּעַד הָאִידָּנָא לָא הֲוָה שִׁיכְרוּת. וְאִידַּךְ, שִׁיכְרוּת הוּא דְּלָא הֲוָה, שְׁתִיָּהּ מִיהָא הֲוָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, said:** Joseph’s brothers **too did not sample the taste of wine** during the intervening period, due to their remorse, **as it is written: “And they drank and became drunk with him”** (Genesis 43:34). **By inference: Until now there was no drunkenness,** as they abstained from drinking. **And the other** Sage, Rabbi Mallai, holds: **It was drunkenness** of **which there was none; however, there was drinking** on the part of the brothers during the intervening years.


###### Shabbat 139a:14
[Shabbat 139a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:14)

וַאֲמַר רַבִּי מַלַּאי: בִּשְׂכַר ״וְרָאֲךָ וְשָׂמַח בְּלִבּוֹ״, זָכָה לְחֹשֶׁן הַמִּשְׁפָּט עַל לִבּוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And Rabbi Mallai said:** It is stated in the verse: “And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses, and He said: Is there not Aaron your brother the Levite, I know that he can surely speak, and also behold, he is coming out to greet you, and he will see you and be glad in his heart” (Exodus 4:14). Rabbi Mallai taught that **as reward for** Aaron’s lack of jealousy at seeing his brother Moses rise to greatness, as it is stated: **“And he will see you and be glad in his heart,” he merited** to become the High Priest, and **for the breastplate of judgment** to rest **on his heart.**


###### Shabbat 139a:15
[Shabbat 139a:15](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:15)

שְׁלַחוּ לֵיהּ בְּנֵי בָּשְׁכָּר לְלֵוִי: כִּילָּה מַהוּ? כְּשׁוּתָא בְּכַרְמָא מַהוּ? מֵת בְּיוֹם טוֹב מַהוּ?

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara returns to the laws of a canopy. **The inhabitants of** the town of **Bashkar sent to Levi: What is** the *halakha* with regard to spreading **a canopy** on Shabbat? Additionally, **what is** the *halakha* with regard to **hops in a vineyard?** Do they constitute a prohibited mixture of diverse kinds? Finally, **what is** the *halakha* with regard to one who **died on a Festival?** How can the people attend to his burial?


###### Shabbat 139a:16
[Shabbat 139a:16](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:16)

אַדְּאָזֵיל נָח נַפְשֵׁיהּ דְּלֵוִי. אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל לְרַב מְנַשְּׁיָא: אִי חַכִּימַתְּ, שְׁלַח לְהוּ. שְׁלַח לְהוּ: כִּילָּה — חָזַרְנוּ עַל כׇּל צִידֵּי כִּילָּה וְלֹא מָצִינוּ לָהּ צַד הֶיתֵּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**As** the messenger **was going** with the question, **Levi died. Shmuel said to Rav Menashya: If you are wise** and able to respond, **send them** answers to their questions. **He sent them:** With regard to **a canopy, we reviewed all aspects of** the matter of the **canopy, and we did not find any permissible aspect.**


###### Shabbat 139a:17
[Shabbat 139a:17](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:17)

וְלִישְׁלַח לְהוּ כִּדְרָמֵי בַּר יְחֶזְקֵאל! לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן בְּנֵי תוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **And let him send them** that it can be permitted **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rami bar Yeḥezkel.** The Gemara answers: He did not want to reveal that leniency to them, **because they are not** well versed **in Torah,** and they would not distinguish between permitted and prohibited methods of spreading the canopy.


###### Shabbat 139a:18
[Shabbat 139a:18](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:18)

כְּשׁוּתָא בְּכַרְמָא — עִירְבּוּבָא. וְלִישְׁלַח לְהוּ כִּדְרַבִּי טַרְפוֹן? דְּתַנְיָא: כְּשׁוּת, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר: אֵין כִּלְאַיִם בַּכֶּרֶם. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: כִּלְאַיִם בַּכֶּרֶם. וְקַיְימָא לַן: כׇּל הַמֵּיקֵל בָּאָרֶץ, הֲלָכָה כְּמוֹתוֹ בְּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ! לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן בְּנֵי תוֹרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
He also told them: **Hops in a vineyard are** a forbidden **mixture** of diverse kinds. The Gemara asks: **And let him send them** the message that it is permitted **in accordance with** the opinion of **Rabbi Tarfon, as it was taught** in the *Tosefta*: With regard to **hops, Rabbi Tarfon says:** They do **not** constitute a prohibited mixture of **food crops in a vineyard, and the Rabbis say:** They constitute a forbidden mixture of **food crops in a vineyard. And we maintain** that **anyone who is lenient** with regard to the *halakhot* of diverse kinds **in Eretz** Yisrael, even if the *halakha* is not ruled in accordance with his opinion, **the *halakha* is** ruled **in accordance with his** opinion **outside** of **Eretz** Yisrael, where the *halakhot* of diverse kinds apply only by rabbinic law. The Gemara explains: He did not reveal this leniency to them, **because they were not** well versed in **Torah.**


###### Shabbat 139a:19
[Shabbat 139a:19](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:19)

מַכְרִיז רַב: הַאי מַאן דְּבָעֵי לְמִיזְרַע כְּשׁוּתָא בְּכַרְמָא — לִיזְרַע. רַב עַמְרָם חֲסִידָא מְנַגֵּיד עִילָּוֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the matter of hops in a vineyard, the Gemara relates that **Rav would announce: One who seeks to sow hops in a vineyard, let him sow.** In contrast, **Rav Amram Ḥasida** would **administer lashes for** sowing hops in a vineyard.


###### Shabbat 139a:20
[Shabbat 139a:20](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:20)

רַב מְשַׁרְשְׁיָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ פְּרוּטָה לְתִינוֹק גּוֹי וְזָרַע לֵיהּ. וְלִיתֵּן לֵיהּ לְתִינוֹק יִשְׂרָאֵל! אָתֵי לְמִיסְרַךְ: וְלִיתֵּן לֵיהּ לְגָדוֹל גּוֹי! אָתֵי לְאִיחַלּוֹפֵי בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates that **Rav Mesharshiya would give a *peruta* to a gentile child, and** the child would **sow** hops **for him.** The Gemara asks: **And let him give** the *peruta* **to a Jewish child,** who is also not obligated in mitzva observance. The Gemara answers: **He** may **come to continue** this habit and violate the prohibition as an adult. The Gemara asks: **And let him give** the *peruta* **to an adult gentile.** The Gemara answers: **He** may **come to confuse** him **with a Jew.**


###### Shabbat 139a:21
[Shabbat 139a:21](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:21)

מֵת — שְׁלַח לְהוּ: מֵת לֹא יִתְעַסְּקוּ בּוֹ לֹא יְהוּדָאִין וְלֹא אַרְמָאִין, לֹא בְּיוֹם טוֹב רִאשׁוֹן וְלֹא בְּיוֹם טוֹב שֵׁנִי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to a person who **died** on a Festival, **he sent them** in response: If a person **died** on a Festival, **neither Jews nor Arameans,** i.e., gentiles, **should attend to his** burial, **neither on the first day of a Festival, nor on the second day of a Festival** observed in the Diaspora.


###### Shabbat 139a:22
[Shabbat 139a:22](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/139a:22)

אִינִי?! וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר שִׁילַת אָמַר רַבִּי אַסִּי: עוֹבָדָא הֲוָה בְּבֵי כְנִישְׁתָּא דְּמָעוֹן בְּיוֹם טוֹב הַסָּמוּךְ לַשַּׁבָּת,

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **Is that so? Didn’t Rabbi Yehuda bar Sheilat say** that **Rabbi Asi said: There was an incident in the synagogue** of the settlement of **Maon on a Festival adjacent to Shabbat.** A person died,