## Shabbat Daf 152b

###### Shabbat 152b:1
[Shabbat 152b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:1)

כׇּל יוֹמָא הֲוָה דָּבַר רַב יְהוּדָה בֵּי עַשְׂרָה, וְיָתְבִי בְּדוּכְתֵּיהּ. לְאַחַר שִׁבְעָה יָמִים אִיתְחֲזִי לֵיהּ בְּחֶילְמֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה, וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ: תָּנוּחַ דַּעְתְּךָ שֶׁהִנַּחְתָּ אֶת דַּעְתִּי.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**every day** of the seven-day mourning period, **Rav Yehuda would take ten** people **and** they would **sit in his place,** in the house of the deceased. **After seven days** had passed the deceased **appeared** to **Rav Yehuda in his dream and said to him: Put your mind to rest, for you have put my mind to rest.**


###### Shabbat 152b:2
[Shabbat 152b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:2)

אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: כׇּל שֶׁאוֹמְרִים בִּפְנֵי הַמֵּת, יוֹדֵעַ, עַד שֶׁיִּסָּתֵם הַגּוֹלֵל. פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּרַבִּי. חַד אָמַר: עַד שֶׁיִּסָּתֵם הַגּוֹלֵל, וְחַד אָמַר: עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַבָּשָׂר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Abbahu said: Everything people say before the deceased, he knows, until** the tomb **is sealed** with **the top-stone. Rabbi Ḥiyya and Rabbi Shimon, son of Rabbi** Yehuda HaNasi, **disagreed with regard to** the meaning of **this** statement. **One** of them **said** that the deceased is aware **until** the tomb **is sealed** with **the top-stone,** which is referring to the covering of the grave (*Tosafot*). **And one** of them **said** that it is **until the flesh decomposes.**


###### Shabbat 152b:3
[Shabbat 152b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:3)

מַאן דְּאָמַר עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַכֵּל הַבָּשָׂר, דִּכְתִיב: ״אַךְ בְּשָׂרוֹ עָלָיו יִכְאָב וְנַפְשׁוֹ עָלָיו תֶּאֱבָל״. מַאן דְּאָמַר עַד שֶׁיִּסָּתֵם הַגּוֹלֵל, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְיָשׁוֹב הֶעָפָר עַל הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה וְגוֹ׳״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The one who said** that it is **until the flesh decomposes** can support his position based on that **which is written** in the following verse: **“But his flesh grieves for him, and his soul mourns over him”** (Job 14:22). This indicates that the deceased is aware of the pain of his flesh in the grave. **The one** who **said** that the deceased is aware only **until** the tomb **is sealed** with **the top-stone** can support his view based on that **which is written** in a different verse: **“And the dust returns to the earth as it was,** and the spirit returns to God who gave it” (Ecclesiastes 12:7). This indicates that when the body returns to the earth, the spirit also returns to its place and is no longer aware of what is happening to the body.


###### Shabbat 152b:4
[Shabbat 152b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:4)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְהָרוּחַ תָּשׁוּב אֶל הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר נְתָנָהּ״ — תְּנָהּ לוֹ כְּמוֹ שֶׁנְּתָנָהּ לְךָ, בְּטׇהֳרָה — אַף אַתָּה בְּטָהֳרָה. מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם שֶׁחָלַק בִּגְדֵי מַלְכוּת לַעֲבָדָיו. פִּקְחִין שֶׁבָּהֶן, קִיפְּלוּם וְהִנִּיחוּם בְּקוּפְסָא. טִפְּשִׁים שֶׁבָּהֶן, הָלְכוּ וְעָשׂוּ בָּהֶן מְלָאכָה. לְיָמִים בִּיקֵּשׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ אֶת כֵּלָיו, פִּקְחִין שֶׁבָּהֶן הֶחֱזִירוּם לוֹ כְּשֶׁהֵן מְגוֹהָצִין, טִפְּשִׁין שֶׁבָּהֶן הֶחֱזִירוּם לוֹ כְּשֶׁהֵן מְלוּכְלָכִין. שָׂמֵחַ הַמֶּלֶךְ לִקְרַאת פִּקְחִין, וְכָעַס לִקְרַאת טִפְּשִׁין.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** with regard to the verse: **“And the spirit returns to God who gave it”** (Ecclesiastes 12:7) that the words: Who gave it, mean: As it was given. In other words, **give it to Him as He gave it to you;** just as He gave it to you **in purity, you too** should return it to God **in purity.** The Gemara cites **a parable of a king of flesh and blood who distributed royal garments to his servants. The wise ones folded them and placed them in a box [*kufsa*]** to protect them, whereas **the foolish ones went and worked in them.** After **a period of time the king requested** that **his garments** be returned to him. The **wise ones returned them to him pressed,** as they were when the servants received them, and **the foolish ones returned them dirty. The king was happy to greet the wise ones and angry to greet the foolish ones.**


###### Shabbat 152b:5
[Shabbat 152b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:5)

עַל פִּקְחִין אָמַר: יִנָּתְנוּ כֵּלַי לָאוֹצָר, וְהֵם יֵלְכוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם לְשָׁלוֹם. וְעַל טִפְּשִׁין אָמַר: כֵּלַי יִנָּתְנוּ לְכוֹבֵס, וְהֵן יֵחָבְשׁוּ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**With regard to the wise ones he said: My garments shall be given** back **to the storehouse, and let them go to their homes in peace. And with regard to the foolish ones he said: My garments shall be given to the launderer, and they,** the fools, **will be locked up in prison** as a punishment for degrading the king’s garments for their own purposes.


###### Shabbat 152b:6
[Shabbat 152b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:6)

אַף הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, עַל גּוּפָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים אוֹמֵר: ״יָבֹא שָׁלוֹם יָנוּחוּ עַל מִשְׁכְּבוֹתָם״, וְעַל נִשְׁמָתָן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְהָיְתָה נֶפֶשׁ אֲדוֹנִי צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים״. עַל גּוּפָן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אֵין שָׁלוֹם אָמַר ה׳ לָרְשָׁעִים״, וְעַל נִשְׁמָתָן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְאֵת נֶפֶשׁ אוֹיְבֶיךָ יְקַלְּעֶנָּה בְּתוֹךְ כַּף הַקָּלַע״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Holy One, Blessed be He, also** acts in this way. **With regard to the bodies of the righteous,** which are likened to the royal garments that are well kept, **it states: “He enters into peace, they rest on their beds** each one that walks in his uprightness” (Isaiah 57:2). **And with regard to their souls, it states: “And the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life** with the Lord your God” (I Samuel 25:29). And conversely, **with regard to the bodies of the wicked, it states: “There is no peace, says the Lord, for the wicked”** (Isaiah 57:21), **and with regard to their souls, it states: “And the souls of your enemies He shall sling out in the hollow of a sling”** (I Samuel 25:29).


###### Shabbat 152b:7
[Shabbat 152b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:7)

תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: נִשְׁמָתָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים גְּנוּזוֹת תַּחַת כִּסֵּא הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהָיְתָה נֶפֶשׁ אֲדֹנִי צְרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים״. וְשֶׁל רְשָׁעִים זוֹמְמוֹת וְהוֹלְכוֹת, [וּמַלְאָךְ אֶחָד עוֹמֵד בְּסוֹף הָעוֹלָם, וּמַלְאָךְ אַחֵר עוֹמֵד בְּסוֹף הָעוֹלָם, וּמְקַלְּעִין נִשְׁמָתָן זֶה לָזֶה,] שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֵת נֶפֶשׁ אוֹיְבֶיךָ יְקַלְּעֶנָּה בְּתוֹךְ כַּף הַקָּלַע״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**It was taught** in a *baraita* that **Rabbi Eliezer says: The souls of the righteous are stored beneath the Throne of Glory, as it is stated: “And the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life”** (I Samuel 25:29). **And** the souls **of the wicked are continuously tied up, and one angel stands at** one **end of the world and another angel stands at** the other **end of the world and they sling the souls** of the wicked back and forth **to one another, as it is stated: “And the souls of your enemies He shall sling out in the hollow of a sling”** (I Samuel 25:29).


###### Shabbat 152b:8
[Shabbat 152b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּה לְרַב נַחְמָן: שֶׁל בֵּינוֹנִים מַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִיכּוֹ שָׁכֵיבְנָא, לָא אֲמַרִי לְכוּ הַאי מִילְּתָא, הָכִי אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ לְדוּמָה נִמְסָרִין. הַלָּלוּ, יֵשׁ לָהֶן מָנוֹחַ. הַלָּלוּ, אֵין לָהֶן מָנוֹחַ. אָמַר (לֵיהּ) רַב מָרִי: עֲתִידִי צַדִּיקֵי דְּהָווּ עַפְרָא, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְיָשׁוֹב הֶעָפָר עַל הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabba said to Rav Naḥman: What** happens to the souls **of middling people,** who are neither righteous nor wicked? Rav Naḥman **said to him:** It is good that you asked me this question, for even **if I were dead I would not** have been able **to tell you** that. As **Shmuel said as follows: These and those,** the souls of the wicked and of the middling people, **are handed over to Duma,** the angel in charge of spirits. But **these,** the souls of the middling people, **have rest, and these,** the souls of the wicked, **do not have rest. Rav Mari said:** Even the bodies of **the righteous will** not be preserved and will **become dust, as it is written: “And the dust returns to the earth as it was”** (Ecclesiastes 12:7).


###### Shabbat 152b:9
[Shabbat 152b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:9)

הָנְהוּ קָפוֹלָאֵי דַּהֲווֹ קָפְלִי בְּאַרְעָא דְּרַב נַחְמָן. נְחַר בְּהוּ רַב אַחַאי בַּר יֹאשִׁיָּה. אֲתוֹ וַאֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ לְרַב נַחְמָן: נְחַר בַּן גַּבְרָא. אֲתָא וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאן נִיהוּ מָר? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֲנָא אַחַאי בַּר יֹאשִׁיָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְלָאו אָמַר רַב מָרִי: עֲתִידִי צַדִּיקֵי דְּהָווּ עַפְרָא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וּמַנִּי מָרִי דְּלָא יָדַעְנָא לֵיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְהָא קְרָא כְּתִיב: ״וְיָשׁוֹב הֶעָפָר עַל הָאָרֶץ כְּשֶׁהָיָה״!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara cites a related story: **The diggers who were digging in Rav Naḥman’s land** came upon a grave, and **Rav Aḥai bar Yoshiya,** who was buried there, **rebuked them. They came and said to Rav Naḥman: A** deceased **person** just **rebuked us.** Rav Naḥman **came and said to** the person buried there: **Who is the Master,** i.e., who are you? He **said to him: I am Aḥai bar Yoshiya.** Rav Naḥman **said to him:** How has your body been preserved? **Didn’t Rav Mari say** that **the righteous will turn to dust?** Rav Aḥai **said to him: And who is Mari, whom I do not know?** Why should I be concerned about what he says? Rav Naḥman **said to him:** Even without Rav Mari’s statement, **there is an** explicit **verse which is written: “And the dust will return to the earth as it was”** (Ecclesiastes 12:7).


###### Shabbat 152b:10
[Shabbat 152b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:10)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דְּאַקְרְיָיךְ קֹהֶלֶת, לָא אַקְרְיָיךְ מִשְׁלֵי, דִּכְתִיב: ״וּרְקַב עֲצָמוֹת קִנְאָה״. כָּל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ קִנְאָה בְּלִבּוֹ — עַצְמוֹתָיו מַרְקִיבִים, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ קִנְאָה בְּלִבּוֹ — אֵין עַצְמוֹתָיו מַרְקִיבִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Aḥai **said to him: Whoever taught you** the book of **Ecclesiastes did not teach you** the book of **Proverbs, for it is written** in Proverbs: “A tranquil heart is the life of the flesh, **but envy is the rotting of the bones”** (Proverbs 14:30). This means that **anyone who has envy in his heart** during his lifetime, **his bones rot** in the grave, and **anyone who does not have envy in his heart, his bones do not rot.**


###### Shabbat 152b:11
[Shabbat 152b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:11)

גַּשְּׁשֵׁיהּ, חַזְיֵיהּ דְּאִית בֵּיהּ מְשָׁשָׁא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לֵיקוּם מָר לְגַוֵּויהּ דְּבֵיתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: גַּלֵּית אַדַּעְתָּךְ דַּאֲפִילּוּ נְבִיאֵי לָא קְרֵית, דִּכְתִיב: ״וִידַעְתֶּם כִּי אֲנִי ה׳ בְּפִתְחִי אֶת קִבְרוֹתֵיכֶם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman **touched him** and **saw that he had substance.** Rav Naḥman **said to him: Let the Master arise** and come **into my house.** Rav Aḥai **said to him: You have revealed** that **you have not even studied Prophets,** and it is not just the Writings of which you are ignorant, **for it is written: “And you shall know that I am the Lord when I open up your graves** and lift you up from your graves, My nation” (Ezekiel 37:13). As long as the dead have not been instructed to leave their graves, leaving of their own accord is prohibited.


###### Shabbat 152b:12
[Shabbat 152b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:12)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ, וְהָכְתִיב: ״כִּי עָפָר אַתָּה וְאֶל עָפָר תָּשׁוּב״! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָהוּא שָׁעָה אַחַת קוֹדֶם תְּחִיַּית הַמֵּתִים.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Rav Naḥman once again asked Rav Aḥai about the preservation of the flesh, and **he said: But it is written: “For you are dust and you shall return to dust”** (Genesis 3:19), so why has your body not turned into dust? He **said to him: That** verse applies to the righteous only **one hour before the resurrection of the dead,** so that they, too, may be created anew (Maharsha).


###### Shabbat 152b:13
[Shabbat 152b:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/152b:13)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ הָהוּא מִינָא לְרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ: אָמְרִיתוּ נִשְׁמָתָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים גְּנוּזוֹת תַּחַת כִּסֵּא הַכָּבוֹד. אוֹבָא טַמְיָא, הֵיכָא אַסְּקֵיהּ לִשְׁמוּאֵל בִּנְגִידָא? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הָתָם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הֲוָה, דְּתַנְיָא: כׇּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ גּוּפוֹ קַיָּים, וְנִשְׁמָתוֹ עוֹלָה וְיוֹרֶדֶת. לְאַחַר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ הַגּוּף בָּטֵל

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**A certain apostate** once **said to Rabbi Abbahu: You say** that **the souls of the righteous are stored beneath the Throne of Glory,** but if so, **how did the oracle woman raise up Samuel using necromancy** if his soul was no longer in this world? Rabbi Abbahu **said to him: There, it was within twelve months** of his death, **as it was taught** in a *baraita*: For **a full twelve months** a deceased person’s **body remains and his soul ascends and descends,** such that it is sometimes in this world with its body. **After twelve months, the body ceases** to exist