## Shabbat Daf 33a

###### Shabbat 33a:1
[Shabbat 33a:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:1)

דְּאׇכְלָן וְלָא עָבְדָן. וּכְתִיב: ״הִכֵּיתִי אֶתְכֶם בַּשִּׁדָּפוֹן וּבַיֵּרָקוֹן הַרְבּוֹת גַּנּוֹתֵיכֶם וְכַרְמֵיכֶם וּתְאֵנֵיכֶם וְזֵיתֵיכֶם יֹאכַל הַגָּזָם״, וּכְתִיב: ״יֶתֶר הַגָּזָם אָכַל הָאַרְבֶּה וְיֶתֶר הָאַרְבֶּה אָכַל הַיָּלֶק וְיֶתֶר הַיֶּלֶק אָכַל הֶחָסִיל״. וּכְתִיב: ״וַיִּגְזוֹר עַל יָמִין וְרָעֵב וַיֹּאכַל עַל שְׂמֹאל וְלֹא שָׂבֵעוּ אִישׁ בְּשַׂר זְרוֹעוֹ יֹאכֵלוּ״, אַל תִּקְרֵי ״בְּשַׂר זְרוֹעוֹ״ אֶלָּא ״בְּשַׂר זַרְעוֹ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**who eat and do nothing** to support themselves, and cause their husbands to commit the sin of theft. **And it is written: “I have smitten you with blight and mildew; the multitude of your gardens and your vineyards and your fig trees and your olive trees has the palmerworm devoured”** (Amos 4:9). **And it is written: “That which the palmerworm has left the locust has eaten; and that which the locust has left the cankerworm has eaten; and that which the cankerworm has left the caterpillar has eaten”** (Joel 1:4). **And it is written: “And one snatches on the right hand, and is hungry; and he eats on the left hand, and is not satisfied; they eat every man the flesh of his own arm [*besar zero*’*o*]”** (Isaiah 9:19). **Do not read** it: **The flesh of his own arm [*besar zero*’*o*]; rather, the flesh of his own offspring [*besar zaro*].** All the punishments for theft listed above were explicitly mentioned in the verses.


###### Shabbat 33a:2
[Shabbat 33a:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:2)

בַּעֲוֹן עִינּוּי הַדִּין, וְעִיוּוּת הַדִּין, וְקִלְקוּל הַדִּין, וּבִיטּוּל תּוֹרָה — חֶרֶב וּבִיזָּה רָבָה, וְדֶבֶר וּבַצּוֹרֶת בָּא, וּבְנֵי אָדָם אוֹכְלִין וְאֵינָן שְׂבֵעִין, וְאוֹכְלִין לַחְמָם בְּמִשְׁקָל. דִּכְתִיב: ״וְהֵבֵאתִי עֲלֵיכֶם חֶרֶב נוֹקֶמֶת נְקַם בְּרִית וְגוֹ׳״. וְאֵין ״בְּרִית״ אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״אִם לֹא בְרִיתִי יוֹמָם וָלָיְלָה וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״בְּשִׁבְרִי לָכֶם מַטֵּה לֶחֶם וְאָפוּ עֶשֶׂר נָשִׁים וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״יַעַן וּבְיַעַן בְּמִשְׁפָּטַי מָאָסוּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
Furthermore, the Sages said that **due to the sin of delay of justice,** i.e., judges delay issuing their rulings due to personal considerations, **and** for **distortion of justice,** i.e., judges intentionally distort their verdicts, **and** for **miscarriage of justice** that results from negligence, **and** for **dereliction in** the study of **Torah, violence and looting abound** in the world, **and pestilence and famine come, and people eat and are not sated, and they eat their bread** measured **by weight. As it is written: “And I will bring a sword upon you, that shall execute the vengeance of the covenant;** and you shall be gathered together within your cities; and I will send the pestilence among you; and you shall be delivered into the hand of the enemy” (Leviticus 26:25). **And covenant means nothing other than Torah, as it is stated: “If My covenant be not with day and night,** if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth” (Jeremiah 33:25). The study of Torah is the mitzva practiced both day and night. **And it is written** with regard to this punishment: **“When I break your staff of bread, ten women shall bake** your bread in one oven, and they shall deliver your bread again by weight; and ye shall eat, and not be satisfied” (Leviticus 26:26). **And it is written: “Even because they rejected My ordinances,** and their soul abhorred My statutes” (Leviticus 26:43). All of these punishments result from breaching the covenant of the Torah and the perversion of justice.


###### Shabbat 33a:3
[Shabbat 33a:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:3)

בַּעֲוֹן שְׁבוּעַת שָׁוְא וּשְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר וְחִילּוּל הַשֵּׁם וְחִילּוּל שַׁבָּת — חַיָּה רָעָה רָבָה, וּבְהֵמָה כָּלָה, וּבְנֵי אָדָם מִתְמַעֲטִין, וְהַדְּרָכִים מִשְׁתּוֹמְמִין. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאִם בְּאֵלֶּה לֹא תִוָּסְרוּ לִי״ — אַל תִּקְרֵי ״בְּאֵלֶּה״, אֶלָּא ״בְּאָלָה״. וּכְתִיב: ״וְהִשְׁלַחְתִּי בָכֶם אֶת חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב בִּשְׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר: ״וְלֹא תִשָּׁבְעוּ בִשְׁמִי לַשָּׁקֶר וְחִלַּלְתָּ אֶת שֵׁם אֱלֹהֶיךָ״, וּבְחִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם כְּתִיב: ״וְלֹא תְחַלְּלוּ אֶת שֵׁם קׇדְשִׁי״. וּבְחִלּוּל שַׁבָּת כְּתִיב: ״מְחַלְּלֶיהָ מוֹת יוּמָת״, וְיָלֵיף ״חִילּוּל״ ״חִילּוּל״ מִשְּׁבוּעַת שֶׁקֶר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Due to the sin of an oath** taken **in vain and a false oath, and desecration of** God’s **name, and desecration of Shabbat, wild beasts abound** in the world, **and** domesticated **animals cease** to exist, **and human beings decrease** in number, **and the roads become desolate, as it is stated: “And if in spite of these [*be*’*eleh*] things you will not be corrected unto Me,** but will walk contrary unto Me casually” (Leviticus 26:23). **Do not read of these [*be*’*eleh*]; rather,** due to a vain **oath [*be*’*ala*]. And it is written** that the punishment for this is: **“And I will send the beast of the field among you,** which shall rob you of your children, and destroy your cattle, and make you few in number; and your ways shall become desolate” (Leviticus 26:22). **And it is written with regard to a false oath: “And you shall not swear by My name falsely, so that you desecrate [*veḥillalta*] the name of your God:** I am the Lord” (Leviticus 19:12). **And it is written with regard to desecrating the name of God: “And you shall not desecrate [*teḥallelu*] My Holy Name”** (Leviticus 22:32). **And it is written with regard to desecrating Shabbat: “Every one that desecrates it [*meḥaleleha*] shall surely be put to death”** (Exodus 31:14). **And derive** by means of a verbal analogy [*gezera shava*] **desecration [*ḥillul*] of Shabbat from desecration [*ḥillul*] of a false oath.** Just as punishment for a false oath is desolation and wild beasts, one receives the same punishment for desecrating Shabbat and the name of God.


###### Shabbat 33a:4
[Shabbat 33a:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:4)

בַּעֲוֹן שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ חָרֵב, וּשְׁכִינָה מִסְתַּלֶּקֶת מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְלֹא תַחֲנִיפוּ וְגוֹ׳ וְלֹא תְטַמֵּא אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר אַתֶּם יוֹשְׁבִים בָּהּ אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי שׁוֹכֵן בְּתוֹכָהּ״. הָא אַתֶּם מְטַמְּאִים אוֹתָהּ — אֵינְכֶם יוֹשְׁבִים בָּהּ, וְאֵינִי שׁוֹכֵן בְּתוֹכָהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Due to the sin of bloodshed, the Holy Temple is destroyed, and the Divine Presence leaves Israel, as it says: “So you shall not pollute** the land wherein you are; for blood, it pollutes the land; and no expiation can be made for the land for the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. **And you shall not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell;** for I the Lord dwell in the midst of the children of Israel” (Numbers 35:33–34). However, if **you defile** the land, **you will not inhabit it, and I will not dwell in it.**


###### Shabbat 33a:5
[Shabbat 33a:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:5)

בַּעֲוֹן גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת וַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהַשְׁמָטַת שְׁמִיטִּין וְיוֹבְלוֹת — גָּלוּת בָּא לָעוֹלָם, וּמַגְלִין אוֹתָן, וּבָאִין אֲחֵרִים וְיוֹשְׁבִין בִּמְקוֹמָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אֶת כׇּל הַתּוֹעֵבוֹת הָאֵל עָשׂוּ אַנְשֵׁי הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַתִּטְמָא הָאָרֶץ וָאֶפְקוֹד עֲוֹנָהּ עָלֶיהָ וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״וְלֹא תָקִיא הָאָרֶץ אֶתְכֶם בְּטַמַּאֲכֶם אוֹתָהּ״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Due to the sin of prohibited sexual relations, and idol worship, and** failure to let the land **lie fallow** during **the Sabbatical and Jubilee Years, exile comes to the world and they exile** the Jewish people from their land, **and others come and settle in their place. As it is stated** with regard to illicit sexual relations: **“For all these abominations have the men of the land done,** that were before you, and the land is defiled; that the land expel not you also, when you defile it, as it expelled the nation that was before you” (Leviticus 18:27–28). **And it is written: “And the land was defiled, therefore I did visit the iniquity thereof upon it,** and the land expelled her inhabitants” (Leviticus 18:25). **And it is written: “That the land expel not you also, when you defile it,** as it expelled the nation that was before you.”


###### Shabbat 33a:6
[Shabbat 33a:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:6)

וּבַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה כְּתִיב: ״וְנָתַתִּי אֶת פִּגְרֵיכֶם וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״וַהֲשִׁמּוֹתִי אֶת מִקְדְּשֵׁיכֶם וְגוֹ׳״, ״וְאֶתְכֶם אֱזָרֶה בַגּוֹיִם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**And with regard to idol worship it is written: “And I will cast your carcasses** upon the carcasses of your idols” (Leviticus 26:30). **And it is written: “And I will bring your sanctuaries unto desolation,** and I will not smell the savor of your sweet odors” (Leviticus 26:31). **“And you will I scatter among the nations,** and I will draw out the sword after you; and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste” (Leviticus 26:33).


###### Shabbat 33a:7
[Shabbat 33a:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:7)

בִּשְׁמִיטִּין וּבְיוֹבְלוֹת כְּתִיב: ״אָז תִּרְצֶה הָאָרֶץ אֶת שַׁבְּתוֹתֶיהָ כֹּל יְמֵי הֳשַׁמָּה וְאַתֶּם בְּאֶרֶץ אוֹיְבֵיכֶם וְגוֹ׳״, וּכְתִיב: ״כׇּל יְמֵי הׇשַּׁמָּה תִּשְׁבּוֹת״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**With regard to** the sin of failure to observe **the Sabbatical and Jubilee Years it is written: “Then shall the land be paid her Sabbaths, as long as it lies desolate, and you are in your enemies’ land;** even then shall the land rest, and repay her Sabbaths” (Leviticus 26:34). **And it is written: “As long as it lies desolate it shall have rest;** even the rest which it had not in your Sabbaths, when you dwelt upon it” **(**Leviticus 26: 35).


###### Shabbat 33a:8
[Shabbat 33a:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:8)

בַּעֲוֹן נַבְלוּת פֶּה צָרוֹת רַבּוֹת, וּגְזֵירוֹת קָשׁוֹת מִתְחַדְּשׁוֹת, וּבַחוּרֵי שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵתִים, יְתוֹמִים וְאַלְמָנוֹת צוֹעֲקִין וְאֵינָן נַעֲנִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עַל כֵּן עַל בַּחוּרָיו לֹא יִשְׂמַח ה׳ וְאֶת יְתוֹמָיו (וְאַלְמְנוֹתָיו) [וְאֶת אַלְמְנוֹתָיו] לֹא יְרַחֵם כִּי כֻלּוֹ חָנֵף וּמֵרַע וְכׇל פֶּה דּוֹבֵר נְבָלָה בְּכׇל זֹאת לֹא שָׁב אַפּוֹ וְעוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Due to the sin of vulgar speech, troubles abound, and harsh decrees are renewed, and the youth among the enemies of Israel,** a euphemistic reference to Israel, **die,** and **orphans and widows cry out** for help **and are not answered, as it is stated: “Therefore the Lord shall have no joy in their young men, neither shall He have compassion on their fatherless and widows; for everyone is ungodly and an evildoer, and every mouth speaks wantonness. For all this His anger is not turned away, but His hand is stretched out still”** (Isaiah 9:16).


###### Shabbat 33a:9
[Shabbat 33a:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:9)

מַאי ״וְעוֹד יָדוֹ נְטוּיָה״ — אָמַר רַבִּי חָנָן בַּר רָבָא: הַכֹּל יוֹדְעִין כַּלָּה לָמָּה נִכְנְסָה לַחוּפָּה. אֶלָּא כׇּל הַמְנַבֵּל פִּיו אֲפִילּוּ חוֹתְמִין עָלָיו גְּזַר דִּין שֶׁל שִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה לְטוֹבָה — הוֹפְכִין עָלָיו לְרָעָה. אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר שֵׁילָא אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: כׇּל הַמְנַבֵּל אֶת פִּיו — מַעֲמִיקִין לוֹ גֵּיהִנָּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שׁוּחָה עֲמוּקָּה פִּי זָרוֹת״. רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר: אַף שׁוֹמֵעַ וְשׁוֹתֵק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״זְעוּם ה׳ יִפּוֹל שָׁם״.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara explains: **What** is the meaning of the phrase: **But His hand is stretched out still? Rabbi Ḥanan bar Rava said: Everybody knows why the bride enters the wedding canopy.** There is no secret revealed. **Nevertheless, anyone who speaks vulgarly** about it, **even if they,** on High, **sealed for him a decree of seventy years of good** fortune**, they will reverse it to bad** fortune because of this sin. And **Rabba bar Sheila said** that **Rav Ḥisda said: Anyone who speaks vulgarly, they deepen Gehenna for him, as it is stated: “The mouth that speaks perversity is a deep pit**: he that is abhorred of the Lord shall fall therein**”** (Proverbs 22:14), i.e., Gehenna is deepened for one who speaks vulgarly. **Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Even** one **who hears** vulgar speech **and is silent** is punished, **as it is stated: “He that is abhorred of the Lord shall fall therein,”** even if he himself does not speak at all.


###### Shabbat 33a:10
[Shabbat 33a:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:10)

אָמַר רַב אוֹשַׁעְיָא: כׇּל הַמְּמָרֵק עַצְמוֹ לַעֲבֵירָה — חַבּוּרוֹת וּפְצָעִין יוֹצְאִין בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״חַבּוּרוֹת פֶּצַע תַּמְרוּק בְּרָע״. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּדּוֹן בְּהִדְרוֹקָן: שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״וּמַכּוֹת חַדְרֵי בָטֶן״. אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: סִימָן לַעֲבֵירָה הִדְרוֹקָן.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
And in a similar vein, **Rav Oshaya said: Anyone who** prepares **himself to** commit **a sin, wounds and bruises emerge on him, as it is stated: “Sharp wounds for one devoted to evil**; so do stripes that reach the inward parts” (Proverbs 20:30). **And not only that, but** he **is sentenced to** suffer from the disease of **edema [*hidrokan*], as it is stated: So do stripes that reach the inward parts. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: A sign** indicating one who **committed** a sin is the disease ***hidrokan*,** which afflicts the inner parts.


###### Shabbat 33a:11
[Shabbat 33a:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:11)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: שְׁלֹשָׁה מִינֵי הִדְרוֹקָן הֵן: שֶׁל עֲבֵירָה עָבֶה, וְשֶׁל רָעָב תָּפוּחַ, וְשֶׁל כְּשָׁפִים דַּק.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught** in a *baraita*: **There are three types of *hidrokan*:** The one that comes as punishment **for sin** is **thick; and** that which is the result **of hunger is swollen**, but not as thick; **and** the one caused **by witchcraft** is **thin,** and the flesh of the sick person becomes thin in other places.


###### Shabbat 33a:12
[Shabbat 33a:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:12)

שְׁמוּאֵל הַקָּטָן חָשׁ בֵּיהּ. אֲמַר: רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, מִי מֵפִיס? אִיתַּסִּי. אַבָּיֵי חָשׁ בֵּיהּ. אֲמַר רָבָא: יָדַעְנָא בֵּיהּ בְּנַחֲמָנִי דְּמַכְפֵּין נַפְשֵׁיהּ. רָבָא חָשׁ בֵּיהּ. וְהָא רָבָא הוּא דְּאָמַר נְפִישִׁי קְטִילֵי קְדָר מִנְּפִיחֵי כָפָן? שָׁאנֵי רָבָא, דְּאׇנְסִי לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן בְּעִידָּנֵיהּ בְּעַל כּוּרְחֵיהּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara relates: **Shmuel HaKatan fell ill with** *hidrokan*. **He said: Master of the Universe, who will draw lots,** meaning, who will be able to determine that this *hidrokan* is not the consequence of sin? **He was cured. Abaye** also **fell ill with** *hidrokan*. **Rava** testified and **said** about him: **I know about Naḥmani,** Abaye, **that** he **starves himself** and that his *hidrokan* is the result of hunger. The Gemara relates that **Rava fell ill with** *hidrokan*, and they asked: **But Rava** did not starve himself, and there is no reason to suspect him of sin, and we cannot say that he contracted *hidrokan* because he did not relieve himself on time. Rava knew to relieve himself, as it is **he** who **said: More have been killed** due to the **chamber pot**, because they were not careful about relieving themselves in a timely manner, **than those swollen** due to **starvation.** The Gemara answers: **Rava is different because the Sages compel him** to remain in place **against his will while he** lectures. Since he could not relieve himself, he became sick with *hidrokan*.


###### Shabbat 33a:13
[Shabbat 33a:13](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:13)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אַרְבָּעָה סִימָנִין הֵן: סִימָן לַעֲבֵירָה — הִדְרוֹקָן, סִימָן לְשִׂנְאַת חִנָּם — יֵרָקוֹן, סִימָן לְגַסּוּת הָרוּחַ — עֲנִיּוּת, סִימָן לְלָשׁוֹן הָרָע — אַסְכָּרָה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
On a related note, **the Sages taught** in a *baraita* that **there are four signs: A sign of sin is *hidrokan*, a sign of gratuitous hatred is jaundice, a sign of arrogance is poverty,** and **a sign of slander is *askara*.**


###### Shabbat 33a:14
[Shabbat 33a:14](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/33a:14)

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אַסְכָּרָה בָּאָה לְעוֹלָם

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**The Sages taught: *Askara* comes to the world** as punishment