## Shabbat Daf 38b

###### Shabbat 38b:1
[Shabbat 38b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:1)

מַחְזִירִין, אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. וְאַף רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא סָבַר ״אַף מַחְזִירִין״ — אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא: פַּעַם אַחַת הַיְינוּ עוֹמְדִים לְעֵילָּא מֵרַבִּי חִיָּיא רַבָּה וְהַעֲלֵנוּ לוֹ קוּמְקְמוֹס שֶׁל חַמִּין מִדְּיוֹטָא הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה לִדְיוֹטָא הָעֶלְיוֹנָה, וּמָזַגְנוּ לוֹ אֶת הַכּוֹס, וְהֶחֱזַרְנוּהוּ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְלֹא אָמַר לָנוּ דָּבָר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
that one may even **return** it, doing so is permitted **even on Shabbat** and not only on Shabbat eve. **And Rav Oshaya also holds:** One may **even return** it **even on Shabbat. As Rav Oshaya said: Once we were standing** on Shabbat **before Rabbi Ḥiyya the Great and we passed up to him a kettle [*kumkemos*] of hot** water **from the bottom floor [*deyota*] to the top floor, and we poured him a cup and returned** the kettle **to its place** on top of the stove, **and he did not say anything to us.** Apparently, he is of the opinion that even on Shabbat it is permitted to return a pot to the stove.


###### Shabbat 38b:2
[Shabbat 38b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:2)

אָמַר רַבִּי זְרִיקָא אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי תַּדַּאי: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא שֶׁעוֹדָן בְּיָדוֹ, אֲבָל הִנִּיחָן עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי אַמֵּי: רַבִּי תַּדַּאי דַּעֲבַד — לְגַרְמֵיהּ הוּא דַּעֲבַד. אֶלָּא הָכִי אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֲפִילּוּ הַנִּיחָה עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — מוּתָּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rabbi Zerika said** that **Rabbi Abba said** that **Rabbi Tadai said: They only taught** that it is permitted to return vessels with the food inside them when **they are still in his hand; however,** if he already **placed them on the ground,** he obviously regretted placing them on the fire and **it is prohibited** to replace them on the stove. **Rabbi Ami said:** That which **Rabbi Tadai did** and said, **he did on his own,** and not in accordance with the accepted *halakha*. **Rather, Rabbi Ḥiyya said** that **Rabbi Yoḥanan said as follows: Even** if **one placed** the pot **on the ground, it is permitted** to return it to the stove.


###### Shabbat 38b:3
[Shabbat 38b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:3)

פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַב דִּימִי וְרַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר יְהוּדָה, וְתַרְוַיְיהוּ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָמְרִי. חַד אָמַר: עוֹדָן בְּיָדוֹ — מוּתָּר, עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — אָסוּר. וְחַד אָמַר: הִנִּיחָן עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע נָמֵי מוּתָּר. אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּאַבָּיֵי: הָא דְּאָמְרַתְּ עוֹדָן בְּיָדוֹ — מוּתָּר, לָא אֲמַרַן אֶלָּא שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר, אֲבָל אֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר — אָסוּר. מִכְּלָל דְּעַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר — אָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara remarks that **Rav Dimi and Rav Shmuel bar Yehuda disagreed about this** matter, **and both stated** their opinion **in the name of Rabbi Elazar. One said** that when **they are still in his hand, it is permitted** to return them to the stove; when they were already **placed on the ground, it is prohibited** to do so. **And one said** that even if **one placed them on the ground, it is also permitted** to return it to the stove. **Ḥizkiya said in the name** of **Abaye: That** which **you said,** that when **it is still in his hand, it is permitted** to return it to the stove; **we only said** that *halakha* **when his** original **intention** was **to return** it to the stove. **However,** when **it was not his** original **intention to return** it, and he reconsidered and decided to return it, **it is prohibited** to return it. This proves **by inference** that if one placed it **on the ground, even if his intention** was **to return** it, **it is prohibited.**


###### Shabbat 38b:4
[Shabbat 38b:4](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:4)

אִיכָּא דְאָמְרִי, אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּאַבָּיֵי: הָא דְּאָמְרַתְּ עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע — אָסוּר, לָא אֲמַרַן אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר, אֲבָל דַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר — מוּתָּר. מִכְּלָל שֶׁבְּעוֹדָן בְּיָדוֹ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין דַּעְתּוֹ לְהַחֲזִיר — מוּתָּר. בָּעֵי רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: תְּלָאָן בְּמַקֵּל מַהוּ? הִנִּיחָן עַל גַּבֵּי מַטָּה מַהוּ? בָּעֵי רַב אָשֵׁי: פִּינָּן מִמֵּיחַם לִמְיַחֵם מַהוּ? — תֵּיקוּ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Some say** a different version of what **Ḥizkiya said in the name** of **Abaye: That** which **you said,** if one placed it **on the ground it is prohibited; we only said** that *halakha* **when it was not his** original **intention to return** it. **However,** if **his** original **intention was to return** it, **it is permitted.** This proves **by inference that while they are still in his hand, even if it was not his** original **intention to return it, it is permitted.** With regard to this matter, **Rabbi Yirmeya raised a dilemma:** In a case where he neither placed them on the floor nor held them in his hand, but he **hung them on a stick, what is** the ruling? In a case where he **placed it on top of a bed, what is** the ruling? Similarly, **Rav Ashi raised a dilemma:** If **one transferred them from** one **urn to** another **urn what is** the ruling? The Gemara said: These dilemmas **stand** unresolved.


###### Shabbat 38b:5
[Shabbat 38b:5](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:5)

**מַתְנֵי׳** תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא לֹא יִתֵּן בֵּין מִתּוֹכוֹ בֵּין מֵעַל גַּבָּיו. כּוּפָּח שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא — הֲרֵי זֶה כְּכִירַיִים, בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים — הֲרֵי הוּא כְּתַנּוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** The *halakhot* that were stated with regard to a stove were specific to a stove’s unique structure and the manner in which it retains heat. However, with regard to other baking apparatuses, i.e., an oven or a *kupaḥ,* there are different rules. The mishna delineates: **An oven that they lit** even **with straw** or **rakings, one may neither place** a pot **inside it nor atop it** on Shabbat. Whereas a ***kupaḥ* that was lit with straw** or **rakings, its** legal status is **like** that of **a stove,** and one is permitted to place a pot atop it on Shabbat. If it were lit **with pomace** or **with wood, its** legal status is **like** that of **an oven** and it is prohibited to place a pot atop it on Shabbat.


###### Shabbat 38b:6
[Shabbat 38b:6](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:6)

**גְּמָ׳** תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ: סָבַר רַב יוֹסֵף לְמֵימַר ״תּוֹכוֹ״ — תּוֹכוֹ מַמָּשׁ, ״עַל גַּבָּיו״ — עַל גַּבָּיו מַמָּשׁ, אֲבָל לִסְמוֹךְ שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי. אֵיתִיבֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: כּוּפָּח שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא הֲרֵי הוּא כְּכִירַיִים, בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים הֲרֵי הוּא כְּתַנּוּר, וְאָסוּר. הָא כְּכִירָה — שְׁרֵי. בְּמַאי עָסְקִינַן? אִילֵימָא עַל גַּבָּיו, וּבְמַאי? אִילֵימָא כְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ גָּרוּף וְקָטוּם, אֶלָּא כִּירָה כִּי אֵינָהּ גְּרוּפָה וּקְטוּמָה, עַל גַּבָּיו מִי שְׁרֵי? אֶלָּא לָאו לִסְמוֹךְ, וְקָתָנֵי: הֲרֵי הוּא כְּתַנּוּר, וַאֲסִיר!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** With regard to that which we learned in the mishna that **an oven that they lit** even with straw or rakings, one may neither place a pot atop it nor inside it, **Rav Yosef thought to say** that when the mishna says **inside it,** it means **actually inside it;** and when it says **atop it,** it means **actually atop it. However, to lean** a pot against an oven, it may **well** be done. **Abaye raised an objection to** Rav Yosef from that which we learned in our mishna: **A *kupaḥ* that was lit with straw** or **rakings, its** legal status is **like** that of **a stove.** If it were lit **with pomace** or **with wood, its** legal status is **like** that of **an oven, and it is prohibited.** By inference: If it were **like a stove, it** would be **permitted. With what** circumstances **are we dealing? If you say** that he placed the pot **atop** the *kupaḥ*, **and in what** case? **If you say** it is referring to a case where **it is not swept and covered with ashes; a stove** that **is not swept and covered with ashes, is it permitted** even to place a pot **atop it** on Shabbat? **Rather, isn’t** it referring to a case where one seeks **to lean** a pot against a *kupaḥ*, and **it taught: It is like an oven, and prohibited?**


###### Shabbat 38b:7
[Shabbat 38b:7](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:7)

אָמַר רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה: הָכָא בְּכוּפָּח גָּרוּף וְקָטוּם, וְתַנּוּר גְּרוּפָה וּקְטוּמָה עָסְקִינַן. הֲרֵי הוּא כְּתַנּוּר — דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּגָרוּף וְקָטוּם — עַל גַּבָּיו אָסוּר, דְּאִי כְּכִירָה כִּי גְּרוּפָה וּקְטוּמָה — שַׁפִּיר דָּמֵי. תַּנְיָא כְּווֹתֵיהּ דְּאַבָּיֵי: תַּנּוּר שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא אֵין סוֹמְכִין לוֹ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר עַל גַּבָּיו, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר לְתוֹכוֹ, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעָצִים. כּוּפָּח שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא סוֹמְכִין לוֹ, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין עַל גַּבָּיו. בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים אֵין סוֹמְכִין לוֹ.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Adda bar Ahava** said: **Here we are dealing with** the cases of **a *kupaḥ* that is swept and covered with ashes and an oven that is swept and covered with ashes,** and the mishna is to be understood as follows: **It is like an oven in** the sense **that**, **although** it is **swept and covered with ashes, it is prohibited to place** a pot **atop it; as, if** its legal status were **like** that of **a stove, when** it is **swept and covered** it may **well** be done. The Gemara comments that there is a *baraita* that **taught in accordance** with the opinion of **Abaye: An oven that one lit with straw and with rakings, one may not lean** a pot against **it, and needless to say** one may not place a pot **atop it, and needless to say** one may not place a pot **inside it, and, needless to say** if it was lit **with pomace** or **with wood** it is prohibited. While with regard to a ***kupaḥ* that was lit with straw** or **with rakings, one may lean** a pot against **it, but he may not place** a pot **atop it.** If it was lit **with pomace** or **with wood, one may not lean** a pot against **it.**


###### Shabbat 38b:8
[Shabbat 38b:8](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:8)

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: הַאי כּוּפָּח הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִי כְּכִירָה דָּמֵי, אֲפִילּוּ בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים נָמֵי! אִי כְּתַנּוּר דָּמֵי, אֲפִילּוּ בְּקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא נָמֵי לָא! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: נְפִישׁ הַבְלֵיהּ מִדְּכִירָה וְזוּטַר הַבְלֵיהּ מִדְּתַנּוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rav Aha, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: This *kupaḥ*, what are its circumstances? If** it is **considered like a stove, even** if it was lit **with pomace** or **with wood,** it should **also** be permitted. **And if** it is **considered like an oven, even with straw** or **with rakings,** it should **also not** be permitted. Rav Ashi **said to him:** From a halakhic perspective, a *kupaḥ* has intermediate status. **Its heat is greater than** that of **a stove;** however, **its heat is less than** that of **an oven.**


###### Shabbat 38b:9
[Shabbat 38b:9](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:9)

הֵיכִי דָמֵי כּוּפָּח, הֵיכִי דָמֵי כִּירָה? אֲמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר חֲנִינָא: כּוּפָּח — מְקוֹם שְׁפִיתַת קְדֵרָה אַחַת. כִּירָה — מְקוֹם שְׁפִיתַת שְׁתֵּי קְדֵרוֹת. אֲמַר אַבָּיֵי, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: כִּירָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לְאוֹרְכָּה — טְהוֹרָה. לְרׇחְבָּהּ — טְמֵאָה. כּוּפָּח, בֵּין לְאוֹרְכּוֹ בֵּין לְרוֹחְבּוֹ — טָהוֹר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara asks: **What are the circumstances of a *kupaḥ*? What are the circumstances of a stove** in terms of the configuration of the vessels? **Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina said: A *kupaḥ*** is a small vessel that is similar to a stove; however, it only has one hole with enough **space to place a single pot. A stove** is like a double *kupaḥ* with enough **space to place two pots. Abaye said, and some say** that **Rabbi Yirmeya** said: **We also learned** this matter in a mishna dealing with the laws of ritual purity and impurity: **An** impure **stove that was divided lengthwise is pure** because it can no longer be considered a vessel. It is a broken vessel, and a broken vessel cannot become ritually impure. However, if the stove was divided **widthwise,** between the spaces for the pots, then it remains **impure** because it became two small stoves. However, a ***kupaḥ*, whether** it was divided **lengthwise** or **whether** it was divided **widthwise,** is **pure** because it can no longer be used as there is no way to put even a single pot on it. That is the difference between a *kupaḥ* and a stove.


###### Shabbat 38b:10
[Shabbat 38b:10](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:10)

**מַתְנִי׳** אֵין נוֹתְנִין בֵּיצָה בְּצַד הַמֵּיחַם בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁתִּתְגַּלְגֵּל, וְלֹא יַפְקִיעֶנָּה בְּסוּדָרִין. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי מַתִּיר. וְלֹא יַטְמִינֶנָּה בְּחוֹל וּבַאֲבַק דְּרָכִים בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁתִּצָּלֶה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**MISHNA:** In addition to the *halakhot* that deal with cooking on the fire on Shabbat, several related *halakhot* are discussed. The mishna says: **One may not place a** raw **egg next to an urn** full of hot water **so that it will roast slightly. And one may not** even **wrap it in cloths,** i.e., one may not heat the egg inside cloths that were heated in the sun. **And Rabbi Yosei permits** doing so in that case. **And,** similarly, **one may not insulate it in sand** or **in road dust** that was heated in the sun **so that it will roast.** Although there is no actual cooking with fire here, it is similar to cooking and the Sages issued a decree to prohibit doing so.


###### Shabbat 38b:11
[Shabbat 38b:11](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:11)

מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁעָשׂוּ אַנְשֵׁי טְבֶרְיָא וְהֵבִיאוּ סִילוֹן שֶׁל צוֹנֵן לְתוֹךְ אַמָּה שֶׁל חַמִּין. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים: אִם בְּשַׁבָּת — כְּחַמִּין שֶׁהוּחַמּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת, וַאֲסוּרִין בִּרְחִיצָה וּבִשְׁתִיָּהּ. אִם בְּיוֹם טוֹב — כְּחַמִּין שֶׁהוּחַמּוּ בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וַאֲסוּרִין בִּרְחִיצָה, וּמוּתָּרִין בִּשְׁתִיָּה.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The mishna relates **a story about the people of** the city of **Tiberias, and they ran a cold-water pipe [*silon*] through a canal of hot** water from the Tiberias hot springs. They thought that by doing so, they could heat the cold potable water on Shabbat. **The Rabbis said to them: If** the water passed through **on Shabbat,** its legal status is **like** that of **hot water that was heated on Shabbat, and** the water is **prohibited** both **for bathing and for drinking. And if** the water passed through **on a Festival, then it is prohibited** for **bathing but permitted for drinking.** On Festivals, one is even permitted to boil water on actual fire for the purposes of eating and drinking.


###### Shabbat 38b:12
[Shabbat 38b:12](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/38b:12)

**גְּמָ׳** אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ: גִּלְגֵּל מַאי? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: גִּלְגֵּל — חַיָּיב חַטָּאת. אָמַר מָר בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבִינָא: אַף אֲנַן נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא:

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**GEMARA:** **A dilemma was raised before** the Sages: One who violated the *halakha* in the mishna and **slightly roasted** an egg next to an urn, **what is** the ruling? **Rav Yosef said: One** who **slightly cooked** an egg is **liable to** bring **a sin-offering,** as he performed the act of cooking on Shabbat, which is prohibited by Torah law. **Mar, son of Ravina, said: We also learned** something similar in the mishna: