## Shabbat Daf 41b

###### Shabbat 41b:1
[Shabbat 41b:1](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/41b:1)

וַהֲלֹא מְצָרֵף? רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן הִיא, דְּאָמַר: דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין מִתְכַּוֵּין — מוּתָּר. מַתְקִיף לַהּ אַבָּיֵי: מִידֵּי מֵיחַם שֶׁפִּינָּה מִמֶּנּוּ מַיִם קָתָנֵי?! מֵיחַם שֶׁפִּינָּהוּ קָתָנֵי!

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
The Gemara questions this leniency: By putting cold water into the urn, **doesn’t it harden** the vessel? Cold water poured into a heated metal vessel reinforces the vessel. It is one of the stages in the labor of a blacksmith. How is it permitted to do something similar on Shabbat? The Gemara answers: This mishna **is** in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Shimon,** who **stated** a principle with regard to the laws of Shabbat: **An unintentional act,** i.e., a permitted action from which a prohibited labor inadvertently ensues, **is permitted.** Here too, his intention was to warm the water, not to reinforce the vessel. **Abaye strongly objects to this** explanation: **Does it say** in the mishna: **An urn from which water was emptied?** That would indicate that he sought to fill the vessel with other water and warm up that water. Rather, **an urn that was removed was taught** in the mishna, meaning that the urn was removed from the fire, not that the water was emptied from it.


###### Shabbat 41b:2
[Shabbat 41b:2](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/41b:2)

אֶלָּא אָמַר אַבָּיֵי, הָכִי קָאָמַר: הַמֵּיחַם שֶׁפִּינָּהוּ וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ מַיִם חַמִּין — לֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם מוּעָטִין בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיָּחוֹמּוּ, אֲבָל נוֹתֵן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם מְרוּבִּים כְּדֵי לְהַפְשִׁירָן. וּמֵיחַם שֶׁפִּינָּה מִמֶּנּוּ מַיִם — לֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם כׇּל עִיקָּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁמְּצָרֵף. וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה הִיא, דְּאָמַר דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין מִתְכַּוֵּין אָסוּר.

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
**Rather, Abaye said this is what** the mishna **is saying: An urn that was removed** from the fire **and contains hot water, one may not place a small quantity of water in it so that** the water will **become hot; rather, one may place a large quantity of water in it so that** the water will **become warm. And** with regard to **an urn from which water was removed; one may not place any water into it because he hardens** the vessel by placing cold water into a hot vessel. **And,** according to this explanation, our mishna is in accordance with the opinion of **Rabbi Yehuda,** who **said** that **an unintentional act** from which a prohibited labor inadvertently ensues **is prohibited** on Shabbat.


###### Shabbat 41b:3
[Shabbat 41b:3](https://torahapp.org/share/book/Shabbat/r/41b:3)

אָמַר רַב: לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא לְהַפְשִׁיר, אֲבָל לְצָרֵף — אָסוּר. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ לְצָרֵף נָמֵי מוּתָּר. לְצָרֵף לְכַתְּחִילָּה מִי שְׁרֵי?! אֶלָּא אִי אִיתְּמַר הָכִי אִיתְּמַר: אָמַר רַב לֹא שָׁנוּ אֶלָּא שִׁיעוּר לְהַפְשִׁיר, אֲבָל שִׁיעוּר לְצָרֵף — אָסוּר. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ שִׁיעוּר לְצָרֵף —

**William Davidson Edition - English:**
With regard to the matter itself, **Rav said: They taught** that one is permitted to place cold water into an urn with hot water after it was removed from the fire, when his intention is **only to warm** the cold water. **However,** if he did this in order **to harden** the vessel, **it is prohibited. And Shmuel said: Even** if he does so in order **to harden** the vessel, it **is also permitted.** The Gemara wonders: **Is hardening permitted *ab initio*?** Isn’t it a full-fledged prohibited labor on Shabbat? Rather, **if** the dispute between Rav and Shmuel **was stated, it was stated as follows. Rav said: They taught** that it is permitted to add water **only** in **a measure** that is sufficient **to warm** the water, i.e., to only partially fill the vessel. **However,** filling it completely with **a measure** sufficient **to harden** the vessel **is prohibited. And Shmuel said: Even a measure** sufficient **to harden** the vessel